Enteric nervous system consists of myenteric and submucous plexuses. Myenteric plexus mainly innervates the enteric motion; submucous plexus modulates the gastrointestinal secretion and local blood flow. P2 (ATP) receptors exist in both of the above plexuses and play an important role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article reviews the distribution, function and pharmacological characteristics of different P2 receptors, in an effort to provide new evidence for studying the role of P2 receptors in the diagnosis and therapy of enteric diseases.

This paper presented the effects of experimental hyperinsulinemia on the main apolipoproteins (At, B) and on tbe process of reverse cholesterol transport in rabbit, which consisted of 1) uptake of cholesterol from peripheral tissue by HDL; 2) cholesterol esterification and 3) cholesterol ester transfer. The results showed that insulin could significantly decrease both serum and lymph Apo A1 levels and inhibit all the three steps of reverse cholesterol transport. The larger the dose of insulin, the greater the effects. Apo B did not seem to be influenced by insulin. It was further demonstrated by a series of statistical analyses that insulin had both direct and indirect inhibitory actions, to different extent, on each of the three main steps of reverse cholesterol transport.

Objective:To study the effect of increased expression of Fas on the killing of ? cells Methods:The level of Fas expression and apoptosis of human ? cells strain (NIT) were detected by FACS Results:There is no Fas expression on NIT But Fas expression can detected by culturing NIT with IFN ? and/or TNF ? The apoptosis of NIT induced by sFasL and anti Fas correlates with the level of Fas expression Conclusion:Fas expression induced by cytokine may represent a factor for the initiation of ? cells destruction

Objective To analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH) D] in pregnant women in Nanjing and its relationship with age,gestational week,pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and season,so as to provide some guidance on clinical application of vitamin D measurement and supplementation.Methods 880 pregnant women (in 21-36 gestational weeks) regularly visiting antenatal clinic in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were selected from January to December 2015.Their serum 25-(OH)D concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The mean serum 25-(OH) D concentration in these pregnant women was (42.03 ± 19.22) nmol/L and sufficient in only 42 (4.77％).Vitamin D levels showed seasonal variation (P =0.0164),with the levels in summer [(44.61 ±23.57) nmol/L] and autumn [(43.43 ± 19.31) nmol/L] being higher than spring [(39.68 ± 16.91) nmol/L] and winter [(39.65 ± 13.36) nmol/L].There was no statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D level among different gestational weeks (P =0.929 4).There was statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D level among different age groups (P =0.038 3).Vitamin D level was not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI.Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in Nanjing.We suggest vitamin D testing be carried out more actively.

Objective To observe the variation of enzymatic activity and areas and bulk of focus of heart injuries by using controllable catheter to ablate epicardial tmsue of rabbits and focus underneath atrioventrieular ring narcosis with 20% urethane(4 ml/kg)and divided into three groups.Each group included 7 rabbits.Anterior wallepieardium of left ventricle was ablated thirty seconds in each group(10,20 and 30 W)with self-made ablationspheroid microwave antenna,refilling with high pressure normal saline at same time.Then all of the rabbits were sacrificed respectively and their ventricular myocardium were taken out to undergo immunohistochemistry in order to display suceinate dehydrogenase(SDH).Also amplitude Wag measured in order to calculate areas of heart injuries.(8F)wag delivered to the pre-selected sites around atrioventricular ring of thirty-two healthy dogs,which had beenin intravenous narcosis with pentobarbital sodium(30 mg/kg).The dogs were divided into four groups(40,50,60 and 80 w) and two time points(60 and 120 s),by the combined method of X-ray and endocardial electrocardiograph,the microwave antenna could be confirmed to be located at the accurate position between anterior and posterior wall close to septum of left/right ventricle.After ventricular myocardium had been taken out,amplitude were measuredin order to calculate bulk of heart injuries by 1/6×3.14 x long×wide×deep.In addition.the histological changesand transmural injury were examined by optic microscope.Results In each group,the centre of injuries wagenzyme deficiency locus.The diameter and areag of heart injuries enlarged significantly(3.99.±0.41),(5.20±0.25),(6.31±0.37)mm and(12.53±2.56),(21.19±3.14),(30.96±3.76)mm2 with the increased microwave power level(10、20、30 W).Group comparison had statisficM significance(F＝76.8,58.5;P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).A total of 116points were ablated.The myocardial lesion showed ellipse in shape,and continuous symmetrical coagulationnecrosis under microscopic examination.There was a clear demarcated line around tlle myocardial tissue and fewparietal thmmbus.There were 16 transmura]injuries and five-with lung damage.The bulk of lesion aroundatrioventrieular ring hag been significantly enlarged(46.7±2.5),(51.1±2.7),(133.2±3.4),(141.8±3.9),(248.5±6.2),(260.3±6.5),(313.7±9.5),(327.4±10.5)with the increased microwave power level(40,50,60and 80 W)and/or distance of microwave ablation(60 and 120 s).Groups comparison had statistical significance(F＝31.16,27.85;all P＜0.01).In each time point,the lesion bulks had conspicuous distinction of statistics.In the same microwave power,the time wag longer,the bulk was larger(P＜0.01).Conclusions The more the microwave power level and time,the severe the heart injuries is.It is possible to use the microwave energy to ablate the deep focus under endocardium around atrioventricular ring.

The contribution of particles to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has been enlightened by epidemiologic and experimental studies. However, adverse biological effects of the particles with different sizes on cardiovascular cells have not been well recognized. In this study, sub-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to increasing concentrations of pure quartz particles (DQ) of three sizes (DQPM1, <1 μm; DQPM3-5, 3-5 μm; DQPM5, 5 μm) and carbon black particles of two sizes (CB0.1, <0.1 μm; CB1, <1 μm) for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was estimated by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell viability. Nitric oxide (NO) generation and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) releases were analyzed by using NO assay and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. It was found that both particles induced adverse biological effects on HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The size of particle directly influenced the biological activity. For quartz, the smaller particles induced stronger cytotoxicity and higher levels of cytokine responses than those particles of big size. For carbon black particles, CB0.1 was more capable of inducing adverse responses on HUVECs than CB1 only at lower particle concentrations, in contrast to those at higher concentrations. Meanwhile, our data also revealed that quartz particles performed stronger cell damage and produced higher levels of TNF-α than carbon black particles, even if particles size was similar. In conclusion, particle size as well as particle composition should be both considered in assessing vascular endothelial cells injury and inflammation responses induced by particles.

AIM: To observe effect of the iris location to femtosecond - combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism.?METHODS:The patients with astigmatism >1. 0D during the same time and followed up for 1a were selected. A total of 129 eyes in 67 patients were treated under iris location with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK ( experimental group) and 161 eyes in 82 cases with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK ( control group) . Laser cutting went with the same laser machine. The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) , and wavefront aberration between the two groups were compared at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.?RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo after surgery, the number of patients with better postoperative UCVA than preoperative BCVA between the two group showed a statistically significant difference (χ2=6. 423, P=0. 011,χ2=14. 431, P=0. 01 ); at 1d and 1mo after surgery, the residual astigmatism showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (t=1. 98, P<0. 05; t=2. 23, P<0. 05). At 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on the change of residual astigmatism between the two groups weren’t significant ( P > 0. 05 ). At 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on UCVA between the two groups weren’t significant ( P > 0. 05 ). Until 1a after surgery, the root mean square ( RMS ) of high order wavefront aberration of the two groups, spherical aberration and coma aberration ( COMA ) were all enhanced compared to before surgery(P<0. 05). At 1, 3mo after surgery, the RMS showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0. 05). At 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery, the increase of COMA in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0. 05).? CONCLUSION: Iris location technology applied in femtosecond - combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism, can make the vision recovery faster, the RMS of high order and COMA increase less, the residual astigmatism less, show better and more stable treatment effect.

AIM:To contrast analysis of postoperative variation of corneal posterior surface heights after Femtosecond LASlK ( FS - LASlK ) and small incision lenticule extraction ( SMlLE) for high myopia.
●METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of high myopic patients (132 eyes) operated with laser corneal refractive in our hospital from May to Dec. in 2015 (-6. 00D≤spherical equivalent degree≤-10. 00D) were selected and divided into FS-LASlK group and SMlLE group. The thickness of corneal flaps at FS-LASlK and the thickness of map at SMlLE were designed to be 110μm. Corneal posterior surface heights were examined by Pentacam at preoperation, postoperative 3 and 6mo after FS-LASlK and SMlLE operation. Surface height changes after preoperative, postoperative 3 and 6mo were compared by measuring Pentacam corneal analysis system.
●RESULTS: Six months after operation, the FS-LASlK posterior corneal surface height was 6. 47 ± 1. 65mm, significantly higher than 5. 20 ± 1. 32mm before operation. SMlLE posterior corneal surface height was 6. 40 ± 1. 33mm, significantly higher than 5. 18 ± 1. 25mm before operation, the differences were statistically significant( P<0. 05). Six month after surgery, two methods of corneal surface height variation obtained was 1. 29 ± 1. 28mm and 1. 22 ± 0. 89mm, there was no significant difference ( P>0. 05).
●CONCLUSION:After FS-LASlK and SMlLE, the corneal posterior surface is protrusive. FS - LASlK is slightly obvious than SMlLE in early period. The stability of the posterior surface is better after SMlLE.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics and regular pattern of the medicine in common use and combined medication in patients of acute pancreatitis in real world.

METHODCollect the information of 5 433 acute pancreatitis patients in 19 grade IIIA general hospitals in China, analysis by descriptive statistics and association rule.

RESULTIn the 5 433 patients of acute pancreatitis, the glycyrrhizic acid injection and somatostatin are the frequency top used Chinese traditional and western medication. Glycyrrhizic acid injection, somatostatin and insulin are the frequency top used drug combination pattern.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese and western integrative medicine drug use pattern are accord with the clinical guideline of acute panceatitis. The hepatic and renal function, blood routine and coagulation function should be monitored when the medicines are used.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; Somatostatin ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Since cannulated screw has been applied to femoral neck fracture, it is not uncommon that the screw wear penetrates or refunds. What factors affect the stability of cannulated screw for treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults remains unclear. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To explore factors related to internal fixation failure by cannulated screws in treatment of adult femoral neck fracture and improve the stability of the adult femoral neck fracture by cannulated screws. ＜br> METHODS:A total of 92 adult patients of femoral neck fracture were treated by cannulated screws in our department between June 2007 and June 2011. Their data were retrospectively analyzed. According to clinical information and fol ow-ups, we selected factors such as age, gender, Garden type of fracture, preoperative skeletal traction, timing of surgery, Garden index, standards of pedicle screws, pedicle screw shapes, partial weight bearing time and postoperative complications, which may affect the success rate of cannulated screws for ＜br> treating femoral neck fracture. The selected factors were then grouped and assigned, after unrelated factors were excluded by one-way χ2 analysis, multiariable Logistic regression analysis was performed. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The involved 92 patients were fol owed up for 18-72 months. According to Harris assessment criteria, hip function was excellent in 28 cases, good in 25 cases, fair in 17 cases, and poor in 22 cases at the final fol ow-up, the excellent and good rate was 58%. Radiographic results showed that, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of the displacement, GardenⅠ (n=22) and GardenⅡ (n=29) as a group, and Garden Ⅲ (n=25) and Garden Ⅳ (n=16) as the other group, the fixation failure rate was 12%and 39%, respectively. In normol and abnormal Garden Index groups, the fixation failure rate was 16%and 59%, respectively. In nail position standards and non-attainment standards groups, the fixation failure rate was 19%and 70%, respectively. In the complication and non-complication groups, the fixation failure rate was 14%and 55%, respectively. These factor groups showed significant differences (P＜0.05). Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, Garden type of fracture, Garden index, standards of pedicle screws, and postoperative complications are the risk factors for internal fixation failure using cannulated screws in treatment of the adult femoral neck fracture.