This article reviews the moral judgment ability of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),as well as the relationship with theory of mind (TOM).The study found that patients with ASD could undertake basic moral judgment,but could not provide the corresponding judgment reason,and were easy to make utilitarianism judgment.In addition,individual's moral judgment ability was positively correlated with TOM,while there were defects in TOM among the patients with ASD,which could lead to the skew results of moral judgment.

Objective To observe the effect and the influential factors of stoves improving in controlling fluorosis in the coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Among the households whose stoves had been improved by 2001 and the improved ones were in use during the whole monitor, the dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years (n=318) and the skeletal fluorosis in adults older than 16 years were examined and the fluoride concentration in the indoor air, the corn, chili and the urine of children (n=253) was determined respectively. Results The dental fluorosis rates were 64.79%-87.93%, the skeletal fluorosis rate were 17.95%-21.97%, the fluoride levels in the urine were 2.50-4.03 mg/L, in the indoor air per day were 0.033 7-0.175 3 mg/m3, in chili and corn were 48.13-251.40 mg/kg, 2.06-4.06 mg/kg respectively. The dental fluorosis rate and the index went down significantly year by year from 2001 to 2004. The fluoride content in the chili and the children’s urine decreased in varying degrees from 2001 to 2005. The fluoride levels in the indoor air in 2004 and 2005 were significantly lower than that in 2001 respectively. Conclusion Coal-burning endemic fluorosis is still prevailing in this village. Stoves improving is an effective measure to prevent endemic fluorosis caused by coal-burning.

To discuss the possibility and methods of pathphysiological bilanguage teaching.The 350 juniors were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire about pathphysiological bilanguage teaching issues.Which appear that most students believe the pathphysiological bilanguage teaching is very important and they hope Chinese and English should be combined.It is necessary to carry out the pathphysiological bilanguage teaching at present,and at the same time explore an appropriate method through practical teaching work.

Objective To observe the effect of sequential selection catheter combined with anisodamine in neurology catheterization patients about urine leakage to seek a new care pathway.Methods 240 cases of hospitalized neurology patients with indwelling catheter for a long time were randomized.The control group received conventional fixed-size catheter.According to the individual patient situation,the observed patients choose smallest model applicable Foley catheter when the initial catheterization,and increase the model sequential in turn periodic replacement of the catheter.The patients with leakage of urine were given anisodamine 10mg intramuscular injection,observe urine leakage rate of patients.Results The urine leakage rate was 6.67％ in the observation group which was significantly lower than 20.83％ in the control group(x2 =10.15,P ＜ 0.05),the intramuscular anisodamine efficient was 32/33 (96.97％).Conclusion Sequential selection catheter can significantly reduce the occurrence of urinary leakage,for patients with leakage of urine,anisodamine intramuscular injection can effectively control the leakage of urine,thereby greatly reducing the patient's pain.

AIM: The present study explored those changes in brain mitochondrial respiration in different times after thrombotic cerebral ischemia induced by photochemical reaction in primate's animal tree shrew and o bserved the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist gin kgolide B (GB) and immunosuppressor cyclosporin A (CsA) on neuronal mitochondria l respiration and mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPT) in twenty-four hours after occlusion and showed their neuronprotective mechanism and expatiate the relationship between mitochondrial respiration and MPT. METHODS: The focal thrombotic cerebral ischemia was formed by photochemistry-induce d technology in tree shrews. At 4,24,72 h after focal cerebral ischemia, the n euronal mitochondria were centrifuged. Clark oxygen electrode was used to measur e the changes in neuronal mitochondrial respiration.Pretreatment for experiment al animals with GB and CsA at 6h after occlusion, we centrifuged the mitochondri a and measured the changes in neuronal mitochondrial respiration at 24 h after o cclusion. In addition, experiments were performed in a flurometer by measuring CaCl 2 100 ?mol/L induced centrifuged mitochondrial swelling and GB or CsA were added at the same time. RESULTS: All of respiration state Ⅲ, RCR and P/O decreased after cerebral ischemia. There were significant difference s between every ischemic group and sham, especially at 24 h (P

Taking 201 Hospital of PLA as an example, the paper introduces the design of interface betweenNo.1 Military Medical Projectand the New Rural Coadjutant Medical Care ( NRCMC) system from the aspects of interface system constitution and technical design, etc.The system runs smoothly since application, promotes business dealings between hospital and NRCMC center, and it is worth promotion.

The medical education of China and the United States was compared by analyzing the differences about educational system, teaching mode and teaching content in this paper. Standard-ization of the Chinese medical education system, improving clinical practice, teaching students by initi-ating questions and advanced medical education technology were recommended in China. This paper will inspirit and provide experience for the innovation of Chinese medical education.

Aim Tostudytheinfluencesofsulfated polysaccharides ( SPPM60-D) on the regulation of free calcium concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) of T lymphocytes of mice in vitro and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Polysaccharides(PPM60)wereextracted from masson pine pollen with hot water and 60% etha-nol. PPM60-D was separated and purified from PPM60 with Sephacryl S-400HR. Sulfated polysaccharides ( SPPM60-D ) were derivated by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method and the [ Ca2+] i of T lymphocytes were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer. IL-2 and IL-4 were measured by ELISA kits. Results ConAandSPPM60-Dcouldincrease[Ca2+]iinT lymphocytes by 211. 5% and 201. 8% respectively ( P<0. 01). 2-APB, LY294002, U73122 and verapamil rather than TAK-242 could significantly inhibit the in-crease of [ Ca2+] i induced by SPPM60-D. SPPM60-D could significantly increase the level of IL-2 and IL-4 in supernatant ( P <0. 01 ) . 2-APB rather than TAK-242 could significantly inhibit the increase of cyto-kines.Conclusion ItisspeculatedthatSPPM60-D could increase [ Ca2+ ] i via TCR/CD3-PI3K-PLC-IP3 R-Ca2+ signal pathway through TCD/CD3 receptor in T lymphocytes so that it could improve the level of IL-2 and IL-4 in supernatant in T lymphocytes.

Objective To explore the difference between before and afteintervertebral fusion in transforaminal lumbainter-body fusion (TLIF) by unilateral obilateral pedicle screw (PS) fixation .MethodThe L3 -5 Cdatbased on the normal people were used to rebuild the L3 -5 three-dimensional finite elemenmodel(INT) and TLIF operative model .On thibasi,the unilateral Pfixation (M1) and bilateral Pfixation (M2) modelbefore the intervertebral fusion and the unilateral Pfixation (M3) and bi-lateral Pfixation (M4) modelafteintervertebral fusion were buil.Aftesetting the boundary and loading the burden ,the ante-flexion ,retroversion ,lateral bending and rotation of lumbavertebrwere simulated and the L 4 -5 segmenanguladisplacemenand the stresdistribution of implanwere recorded .ResultThe unilateral and bilateral Pfixation model before fusion reduced the range of motion(ROM ) of segmencompared with the Inmodel ,the bilateral fixation wareduced greatethan the unilateral fixa-tion ,buthe difference aftefusion wasignificantly decreased .The peak Von Misestressebefore fusion in the unilateral Pfixa-tion wasignificantly highethan thain the bilateral fixation ,while theipeak Von Misestresseaftefusion trended to be con-sisten.Conclusion The unilateral Pfixation aftefusion can provide the consistensegmenstability same to the bilateral Pfixa-tion .The long-term effecof TLIF with unilateral Pfixation isimilato thawith the bilateral Pfixation .

Objective To master the running conditions of water project and the defluoridation results in monitoring sites of drink-water type fluorosis in Shaanxi Province,to provide a scientific basis of preventing and controlling endemic fluoroisis. Methods Every April and September 1998—2005 children aged 8～12 at school from the two monitoring sites of Wupo and Bayi village received the dental fluorosis examination by using the Deans method.The urine samples of 50 children from 5 age groups who were selected randomly and were grouped in 5 with 10 children each were collected,measured in accordance with WS/T 89—1996 Determination of Fluoride in Urinlon Selective Electrode Method,evaluated by Manual of Endemic Fluorosis Control(1991). At least 5 water samples were collected randomly from five directions(east,west,north,south,center).The fluoride contents in urine and drinking water were determined with FSIE,in accordance with GB/T 5750--2006 Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water,evaluated by GB 5749—2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality.Results After changing water,morbidity rate of children dental fluorosis fell from 66.67%in 1998 to 31.79%in 2005 and the dental fluorosis index also fell form 1.49 to 0.65 of Wupo village,morbidity rate of children dental fluorosis fell from 33.15%in 1998 to 13.10%in 2005 and the dental fluorosis index also fell from 0.50 to 0.24 of Bayi village.The fluoride contents in urine of children and the fluoride contents in drinking water were maintained stability.Conclusion After water improvement,the fluorosis has been effectively controlled in a certain degree in the investigated area.