This article reviews a large number of recent years' literatures about surgical treatment for children with spinal tuberculosis on the characteristics of children with spinal tuberculosis, and analyzes the development of surgical treatment for children with spinal tuberculosis. Then it summarizes the indications of surgical treatment for children with spinal tuberculosis, and analyzes the clinical effect of various surgical methods of spinal tuberculosis, assesses that anterior debridement combined with anterior and posterior interbody autografting can be a good growth rate and deformity correction. Pedicle fixation on the children with spinal tuberculosis is safe and feasible. The positive early surgery can control children kyphosis. Minimally invasive surgery is the development direction of treatment for children spinal tuberculosis.
Child ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Spine ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate a new surgical method to treat unilateral limb lymphedem after radical mastectomy.

METHODS10 cases of upper limb lymphedema after radical mastectomy were treated using flap transfer (the lateral thoracic skin flap or latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap combined with liposuction).

RESULTSAfter the treatment, the upper limb perimeter reduced in varied degrees. Nuclear lymphatic radiography showed notable changes in lymphatic circulation. The effective results were steady during the follow-up of 3-18 months.

CONCLUSIONFlap transplantation combined with liposuction is a useful treatment for limb lymphedema from radical mastectomy.

Breast Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Lymphedema ; etiology ; surgery ; Mastectomy, Radical ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo assess the impact of expansion grade of sirolimus eluting stent on intimal hyperplasia with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

METHODSA total of 75 patients implanted with sirolimus eluting stents for at least 8 months were enrolled in this study and IVUS could be performed in 76 stents of 73 patients and 2 patients were excluded due to total coronary occlusion. External elastic membrane (EEM) cross-sectional areas (CSA) at stent inlet and outlet, at in-stent minimal CSA; in-stent CSA, cavity CSA, intimal area (in-stent area-cavity area), maximal and minimal diameter of stent, and symmetry index of stent (minimal diameter of stent/maximal diameter of stent) were measured.

RESULTFive out of 76 stents of 73 patients developed intimal hyperplasia and intimal proliferation was inhibited by sirolimus eluting stent in patients with either minimal stent CSA/EEM CSA < 0.5 (n = 56) or >or= 0.5 (n = 20), minimal stent CSA/reference CSA < 0.9 (n = 44) or >or= 0.9 (n = 32), minimal stent CSA < 5 mm(2) (n = 25) or CSA >or= 5 mm(2) (n = 51), symmetry index of stent at minimal CSA of stent < 0.9 (n = 37) or >or= 0.9 (n = 39) during IVUS follow up.

CONCLUSIONSirolimus eluting stent inhibited intimal hyperplasia independent of stent expansion grade.

Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage ; Tunica Intima ; pathology ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage ; Stents ; adverse effects ; Thrombosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate pathologic and differential diagnostic features of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma (BL).

METHODSA total of 20 cases of pediatric BL were retrospectively reviewed for their clinical and pathologic profiles. Bone marrow aspiration specimens were available in all cases and bone marrow biopsies were available for immunohistochemical study in 18 cases. Flow cytometry study was available in 16 cases. MYC translocation by FISH method was performed in 11 cases.

RESULTSAtypical lymphocytes with cytoplasmic vacuoles were found in bone marrow smears in all 20 cases and peripheral blood films in all 19 available cases. The bone marrow biopsies showed infiltration by uniform medium-sized atypical lymphocytes with multiple small nucleoli but without the starry-sky pattern in all 18 cases. Immunohistochemistry showed the following results in all 18 cases: positive for CD20, PAX-5, CD10, CD34 and TdT, but negative for bcl-2 and CD3 with Ki-67 > 95%.Flow cytometry showed CD19+CD20+CD10+FMC7+CD22+TdT-CD3- in 16 cases, including κ+ in 8 cases, λ+ in 7 cases, and κ-λ- in 1 case. MYC gene rearrangement by FISH was observed in 10 of the 11 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe histopathology of BL is distinct, including atypical lymphocytes with cytoplasmic vacuoles in bone marrow aspirate, lack of starry-sky patternin bone marrow biopsy. Generally, the diagnosis should be made with a combined immunophenotype and FISH approach. Pediatric BL must be distinguished from DLBCL and B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, which has intermediate features between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma.

Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunophenotyping ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo characterize CRF01_AE strains of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) found in the Second National Molecular Epidemiology Study on HIV in China and to analyze its sequence variation in the env V3-C3 region during the First National Molecular Epidemiology Study (NMES1, 1996 - 1998) to the Second National Molecular Epidemiology Study (NMES2, 2001 - 2002).

METHODSDNA was extracted from peripheal blood mononuclear cells of the subjects with HIV infection. The env C2-V4 region of HIV-1 was amplified with nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR). PCR products were directly sequenced using ABI 377 DNA sequencer, then the gene-based phylogenetic tree was constructed and its variation of amino acids was analyzed with GCG software.

RESULTSTotally, 169 strains of recombinant HIV-1 CRF01_AE were identified from blood samples collected from different high risk groups in 17 of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions all over China by the end of 2002. Although sexual transmission still dominated during NMES1 (62.2%, 23/37) and NMES2 (55.3%, 73/132), prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in intravenous drug users (IDUs) increased to 41.6% (57/137) during NMES2 from 27% (10/37) during NMES1. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevalent in IDUs during NMES2 did not cluster with those prevalent in the subjects infected by sexual transmission during NMES2 and those in IDUs during NMES1. The amino acid residues of V3 region of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in IDUs were relatively conservative, but the sixth, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, fifteenth, sixteenth amino acid residues of C3 region displayed regular changes.

CONCLUSIONSHIV-1 CRF01_AE strain has been introduced into inland provinces from southeastern coast areas and southwestern border areas, with an increasing prevalence in IDUs. The sequence of env V3-C3 region of recombinant HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevalent in IDUs during NMES2 was obviously different from that during NMES1, suggesting that HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevalent in IDUs during NMES2 might come from a new source and have a potential to spread.

Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Genes, env ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; virology

OBJECTIVETo examine the temporal and spatial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Ang) in rat brain after cerebral ischemia, and to elucidate the roles they played in angiogenesis and vascular permeability.

METHODSRats were subjected to either middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 at different time points after ischemia. CD31 was used to label endothelial cells after MCAO. Vascular permeability was determined by Evans blue.

RESULTSVEGF was markedly increased at 2 h, had an initial peak at 12 h (0.7249 ± 0.1933, P < 0.01), and a second peak at 7 days (0.5264 ± 0.1519, P < 0.01). Ang-2 mRNA and protein significantly increased after MCAO, both of them peaked at 12 h (0.6747 ± 0.2416, P < 0.01; 1.1197 ± 0.1780, P < 0.01). In contrast, Ang-1 mRNA and protein gradually decreased after MCAO, respectively reaching a minimum at 3 d (0.3220 ± 0.1427, P < 0.01) and 1 d (0.1298 ± 0.0293, P < 0.01). Changes in the expression of these factors correlated with the progress of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Evans blue test revealed that the vascular permeability gradually increased, and peaked at day 1 after ischemia [(6.219 ± 0.887) µg/g, P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONDynamic temporal changes in VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression stimulate the cerebral angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia.

Angiopoietin-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Angiopoietin-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Capillary Permeability ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

Animals ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Orthomyxoviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; virology ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for patients with symptomatic enlarged prostate after 11 years of experience.

METHODSThe 3162 evaluable patients treated with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate at our institution between August 2001 and August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Study variables included International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate, and incidence of complications.

RESULTSHoLEP were performed successfully completed, not patients which occurs as electric cutting syndrome. The operation time was (60.8 ± 18.4) minutes; average resection of prostate quality was (45.4 ± 24.4) g. The hemoglobin reduce though surgery was (1.81 ± 0.93) g/L; percentage of red blood cell change was 1.24% ± 0.43%, and sodium blood drop was (1.14 ± 0.35) mmol/L. Postoperative patients of hospital stay (3.1 ± 1.1) days, average time of indwelling catheter time was (2.3 ± 0.8) days. Patients were followed up for 6-131 months time, an average of 32.4 months. Postoperative patients with international prostate symptom score progressive declined. The quality of life score was 2.2 ± 1.7, and it less than preoperative (5.7 ± 3.3, t = 2.447, P < 0.01). The time of follow-up droped further, and postoperative comparative differences have statistical significance (t = 2.179, 2.228, 2.306 and 2.365, P < 0.05). The maximum urinary flow rate also improved (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications included bladder neck contracture (4 cases), urinary tract infection (107 cases), urethral stricture (11 cases) and urinary incontinence (11 cases). The 11 patients reoperation.

CONCLUSIONSHoLEP treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia could achieve the advantages of open surgery the same effect. It had fewer damage, faster recovery, fewer complications, and is a good treatment option.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo construct a replicative anti-tumor DNA vaccine PSCK-2PFcGB based on Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) replicon vector and observe its expression in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSThe plasmid pVAX1-2PFcGB was digested with Nhe I, and the digestion product was blunted prior to further digestion with BssH II to obtain the fragment 2PFcGB, a fusion gene containing the multitarget complex antigen 2PAG encoding both the most cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes of human survivin and chorionic gonadotropin β chain-CTP37 of human and monkey. The 2PFcGB fragment was inserted into the PSCK vector digested by Sma I. The products with the expected size were extracted and ligated, and the positive clones were screened by kanamycin and amplified. The recombinant PSCK-2PFcGB, following identification by colony PCR and restriction endonuclease Nde I, was transfected into 293T cells via lipofectamine 2000 and its expression was detected. The recombinant plasmid was also transfected into mouse quadriceps femoris muscle to observe its expression in vivo by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSNde I digestion resulted in a fragment of the expected size. Transfection with the recombinant plasmid PSCK-2PFcGB resulted in successful expression of the antigen and adjuvant molecular protein in 293T cells, with the positivity rates of 5.70% and 19.75%, respectively. The fusion tumor antigen survivin and hCGβ-CTP37 were also detected in the muscular tissues of the mice.

CONCLUSIONA novel replicative anti-tumor DNA vaccine PSCK-2PFcGB has been successfully constructed and can be expressed in 293T cells and in the muscular tissues of immunized mice, which provide a basis for further studies of the antitumor activity and immunological mechanism of the DNA vaccine.

Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; Semliki forest virus ; genetics ; Vaccines, DNA ; biosynthesis ; immunology