At the beginning of the 1980s, a concept of viable but non-culturable(VBNC) was suggested. VBNC is a survival strategy adopted by microorganisms when they are exposed to environmental stress. This article try to make a summary of research of the conditions of VBNC formation, recovery of culturability and methods of VBNC cells detection. In addition, introduces the first growth factor of microorganisms-Rpf.

This project is targeted on exploring some improving approaches to isolate and culture the microorganisms which are difficult to be isolated and cultured through the conventional ways. The results showed that betaine, sodium pyruvate, SOD and catalase are helpful for increasing the total number and variety of isolated strains. A kind of combined method was also used to isolate the micro-colony which can not be seen by naked eyes on the plates. Totally 52 Actinomycetes and 103 bacteria and 17 fungi were obtained from 4 soil samples using the above methods. 4. 325% microorganisms were obtained as positive strains to inhibit the growth of some kinds of test bacteria, which is higher than the percent using generally isolated ones. These microbial natural products may remain an important resource for the drug discovery.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention on perioperative antimicrobial prophy-laxis in clean incision surgery in a hospital.Methods From 2011 ,clean incision surgery cases were performed com-prehensive intervention,antimicrobial use in 2011 -2013 were compared.Results A total of 5 945 cases of clean in-cision surgeries were investigated between 2011 and 2013,3 827 cases (64.37%)received prophylactic use of anti-microbial agents.Prophylactic antimicrobial usage rates in 2011 -2013 were 84.95%,69.99%,and 52.97% re-spectively(χ2 =380.94,P <0.001);the correct rates of medication time were 50.97%,79.99%,and 98.95% re-spectively(χ2 =827.02,P <0.001 );the percentages of prophylactic antimicrobial use ≤24 hours were 24.91 %, 39.96%,and 64.95% respectively(χ2 =422.55,P <0.001 );additional antimicrobial usage rates during surgery were 50.00%,60.00%,and 80.00% respectively(χ2 =59.47,P <0.001 ).Conclusion The implementation of comprehensive intervention measures can standardize antimicrobial use,reduce prophylactic antimicrobial usage rate,improve the correct rate of medication time,shorten the duration of antimicrobial use,and implement addition-al use of antimicrobial agents during surgery.

Objective: To study the nursing of patients with morbid obesity treated with laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (LVBG). Methods: Before operation, obese degree, obesity-related conditions and mental states were examined routinely. Monitoring of respiratory tract, observing operative complications and instructing of diets were done after operation. Results: Among 6 patients, 5 were at the third degree of obese, one was at second. In obesity-related conditions, 4 patients had hypertension and acantha derma, 1 had arthritis, and all had respiratory sleeping syndrome. The operations were all successful. The food amount food and body weight both decreased significantly 1 month after operation. The common operative complications were mild bleeding (1 case), shoulder-back pain (1 case), nausea and vomiting (5 cases). Diet principle was high protein, low energy, liquid food was the first choice. Conclusion: Observing and preventing respiratory sleeping syndrome are the main points of postoperative cares. Instructing patients to establish correct diet habit is the key to reach the best efficacy of LVBG.

OBJECTIVETo explore relationship between HBV DNA level and peripheral blood follicular helper T lymphocyte (Tfh) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its significance.

METHODSHBV DNA levels of 179 cases of CHB patients with positive HBV DNA, positive HBeAg and positive human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-A2 were tested with real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Tfh and HBV specific CTL were tested with flow cytometry. IL-21 was also tested. 179 cases of CHB patients were divided into group A and group B based on HBV DNA levels, 86 cases in group A, HBV DNA levels were 10(4)-10(5) copies/ml, 93 cases in group B, HBV DNA levels were 10(6)-10(7) copies/ml. Above testing indexes of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSHBV DNA levels of group A were (4.85 +/- 0.37) log10 copies/ml, HBV DNA levels of group B were (6.83 +/- 0.31 ) log10 copies/ml, t = 27.31, P < 0. 001; Tfh of group A was (5.96 +/- 1.59)%, higher than that of group B (3.71 +/- 2.15)%, t = 4.92, P < 0.01; IL-21 of group A was (42.61 +/- 15.11)ng/L, higher than that of group B (14.91 +/- 3.15) ng/L, t = 8.62, P < 0.01; HBV specific CTL of group A was (0.36 +/- 0.08)%, higher than that of group B (0.18 +/- 0.06)%, t = 19.99, P < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONSerum HBV DNA level of CHB patients is related to the level of peripheral blood Tfh level: patients with low HBV DNA level have high Tfh level, high IL-21 level and high HBV specific CTL level. Patients with high HBV DNA level have low Tfh level, low IL-21 level and low HBV specific CTL level. The mechanism of baseline HBV DNA level affecting anti-viral therapy may be related to Tfh level.

Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; HLA-A2 Antigen ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Interleukins ; immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; cytology

Aged ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurosecretory Systems ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology

BACKGROUNDMedical ozone therapy system was reported to have certain effects on the treatment of severe hepatitis, but its mechanism is not very clear. One of the causes of death of severe hepatitis is complication of renal damage or hepatorenal syndrome. The present study aimed to observe effects of medical ozone therapy system on plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AII), aldosterone (ALD), renal blood flow and renal function of patients with chronic severe hepatitis and explore mechanisms of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of severe hepatitis.

METHODSEighty-five cases with chronic severe hepatitis were randomly divided into ozone therapy group (43 cases) and control group (42 cases). The patients in the ozone therapy group were treated with basic treatments plus ozone therapy system. Basic autohemotherapy was used. One hundred milliliter venous blood was drawn from each patient, and was mixed with 100 ml (35 µg/ml) medical ozone and then was returned the blood to the patient intravenously, once every other day for 20 days. Only the basic treatments were given to the control group. PRA, AII, ALD, renal blood flow and damage to renal function of the two groups before treatment and 20 days after treatment were compared. Survival rates were also compared.

RESULTSTwenty days after the treatment, in ozone therapy group, PRA was (1.31 ± 0.12) ng·ml⁻¹·h⁻¹, AII (111.25 ± 17.35) pg/ml, ALD (251.31 ± 22.60) pg/ml, which decreased significantly compared with those before treatment (PRA (2.23 ± 0.13) ng·ml⁻¹·h⁻¹, AII (155.18 ± 19.13) pg/ml, ALD (405.31 ± 29.88) pg/ml, t = 4.67 - 14.23, P < 0.01), also lower than those of control group 20 days after the treatment (PRA (2.02 ± 0.11) ng·ml⁻¹·h⁻¹, AII (162.21 ± 15.32) pg/ml, ALD (401.20 ± 35.02) pg/ml, t = 4.97 - 15.61, P < 0.01); renal blood flow was (175.15 ± 28.20) ml/min, which increased compared with that before the treatment ((125.68 ± 21.25) ml/min) and was higher than that of control group 20 days after the treatment ((128.59 ± 23.15) ml/min, t = 4.78, 4.61, P < 0.01). Renal damage occurred in 2 cases (5%) in ozone therapy group, less than that in control group (9 cases, 21%) (χ² = 5.295, P < 0.05). Thirty-three cases (77%) in ozone therapy group vs. 16 cases (38%) in control group survived (χ² = 12.993, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSBasic treatment plus medical ozone therapy for patients with chronic severe hepatitis could decrease PRA, AII and ALD levels significantly increase renal blood flow, prevent renal damage to certain extent and improve survival rate of the patients.

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ozone ; therapeutic use ; Renal Circulation ; drug effects

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible association between mother's periodontal status and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in Beijing.

METHODSThe periodontal status of 83 women who bore a preterm low birth weight infant (PLBW group) and 44 women who bore a normal birth weight infant (NBW group) within two years in four hospitals in Beijing were evaluated. These women were all generally healthy. The clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and bleeding index (BI) recorded.

RESULTSThe percentages of PD > or = 4 mm sites, AL > or = 2 mm sites and BOP(+) sites in two groups were 8.1% vs 6.9%, 12.8% vs 6.1% and 70.4% vs 66.9%, respectively, which showed significantly higher in PLBW group than in NBW group(P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere was possible association between mother's periodontal status and preterm low birth weight in the investigated area. Poor periodontal status may be one of the risk factors of PLBW.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Mothers ; Periodontal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Premature Birth ; etiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyze the sensitivity of effect factors between the PCL-C and the SCL-90, to provide evidence for social psychological crisis screening and post-trauma interventions.

METHODSWe administered the PCL-C and SCL-90 to screen for PTSD and other psychological problems among students who survived the disaster and continued their school studies. The surveys were carried out 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the earthquake. A bivariate 2-level logistic model was used to explore the different levels of sensitivity among students. The factors influencing the relationships between PTSD and depression, and between PTSD and anxiety were examined.

RESULTSWe analyzed data from 1 677 students, revealing that female students in higher grades were more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression, rather than PTSD, compared with the control group (males in lower grades), and the difference was significant (P<0.05). In contrast, ethnic minorities were more likely to exhibit PTSD symptoms compared to the others. In addition, female students were more likely to exhibit symptoms of anxiety than PTSD. Other effects that did not reach statistical significance were suggested to have a similar influence on PTSD, depression, and anxiety.

CONCLUSIONAfter a natural disaster, specific aspects of depression and anxiety should be examined, avoiding an overemphasis on PTSD in social psychological crisis interventions.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; China ; Depression ; etiology ; psychology ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Sex Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; etiology ; psychology ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult