Objective To investigate the effect of batroxobin combined with tranexamic acid on the perioperative bleeding and blood coagulation in the patients undergoing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 15-26 yr,weighing 41-56 kg,scheduled for elective adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =20 each):normal saline group (group A),batroxobin group (group B),tranexamic acid group (group C) and batroxobin combined with tranexamic acid group (group D).0.9 ％ normal saline was infused after admission to the operating room in group A.Batroxobin 0.02 U/kg was infused at 20 min before skin incision,an increment of 0.02 U/kg was given every 2 h until the end of operation and the maximal dose was less than 1 U in group B.Tranexamic acid 20 mg/kg was injected immediately before skin incision,followed by infusion at 10 mg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in group C.In group D,batroxobin and tranexamic acid were given as the method described in B and C groups.The intraoperative blood loss,volume of autologous and allogeneic blood transfused,transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP),and volume of drainage within 24 h after operation were recorded.Blood routine,prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),fibrinogen (Fbi),thrombin time (TT),activated clotting time (ACT),clot rate (CR) and platelet function (PF) were measured.Deep vein thrombosis was detected at 1 week after operation.Results Compared with group A,the intraoperative blood loss,volume of allogeneic blood transfused,transfusion of FFP,volume of autologous blood transfused and volume of postoperative drainage were significantly reduced,and Plt and Fib were significantly increased at T2,3 in groups B,C and D,and PF was increased at T2 in group C,Hct,Plt,Fib and PF were increased and PT was prolonged at T2,3 in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,the intraoperative blood loss,volume of allogeneic blood transfused,transfusion of FFP,volume of autologous blood transfused and volume of postoperative drainage were significantly decreased and Hct,Plt,Fib and PF were increased at T2,3 in group D,and the volume of postoperative drainage was increased and Plt increased at T2,3 was in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the intraoperative blood loss,volume of allogeneic blood transfused,volume of autologous blood transfused,volume of postoperative drainage and transfusion of FFP were significantly decreased and Hct,Plt,Fib and PF were significantly increased at T2,3 in group D (P ＜ 0.05).No patients developed blood coagulation disorder and deep vein thrombosis.Conclusion Batroxobin combined with tranexamic acid can significantly reduce the intraoperative blood loss and volume of allogeneic blood transfused and improve the blood coagulation,and the efficacy is superior to that of either alone for the patients undergoing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Objective To study the clinical features and therapeutic method of severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia.Methods The electrolyte and central venous pressure were examined on 45 cases of severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia every day.According to plasma sodium value and central venous pressure,we regulated treatment perscription daily.Results 45 patients occured hyponatremia in total 288 of severe cerebral injured patients.Hyponatremia was detected 5～13 days after operation or after injure.The morbility is usually the highest in the seventh day.Plasma sodium recovered to normal value in 14 days after operation.Conclusion Severe cerebral injured patients with hyponatremia should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible,then it will receive better prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of teriipressin on perioperative renal function in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods Forty ASA Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients (31 males and 9 females) aged 35-55 yr and weighing 46-81 kg were randomly divided into2 groups (n=20 each): terlipressin group and control group. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam 2- 3 mg and atropine 0.5 mg. Swan-ganz catheter was placed via the right internal jugular vein and the radial artery was cannulated. Electrocardiography (ECG), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary arterypressure (PAP) were monitored during general anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.1-0.2 mg/kg), fentanyl (5-10 μg/kg), propofol(1-2 mg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) and maintained with 0.5%-1.5% isoflurane, propofol infusion at 2-5 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In the terlipressin group, 2 mg of terlipressin was added to 50 ml of normal saline (NS) and was continuously infused at 10 ml/L from beginning of operation until the end of anhepatic phase, while in the control group, NS was infused only. Blood and urine samples were taken before operation(T0), at the end of anhepatic phase (T1), at the end of operation (T2), and on the 1st and 2nd day after operation (T3, T4)for determination of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (AT- Ⅱ ), serumβ2-microglobulin (MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations and N-acetyl-βd-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations in the urine. Urine output was measured during pre-anhepatic, anhepatic and neo-hepatic phase and on the 1 st and2nd day after operation. Results The urinary NAG and serum β2-MG concentrations were significantly increased at T1 as compared with the baseline at T0in both groups. The urinary NAG, plasma AT-Ⅱ, serum β2-MG, BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly lower and theurinary output was significantly higher during T2-4 in the terlipressin group than in the control group. Conclusion Terlipressin has protective effects on renal function in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

AIMTo investigate the effects of c-myb on progesterone-induced mouse germinal vesicle(GV) stage denuded oocyte (DO) maturation in vitro.

METHODSWe used mouse GV stage oocyte cultured with special concentration progesterone, or/and antisense c-myb ODN, or/and db-cAMP, or/and heparin for 24 h, and observed oocyte maturation and analysed the relationship among them.

RESULTSWe cultured DO in the medium 199 for 24 h, and found 10 micromol/L progesterone had more significant effect than 5 micromol/L progesterone (2 h GVBD% P < 0.05, 8 h PB 1% P < 0.05), but had not more significant effect than 20 micromol/L progesterone. We found that 16 micromol/L antisense c-myb ODN significantly inhibited progesterone (10 micromol/L)-induced mouse germinal vesicle stage oocyte maturation in vitro (2 h GVBD% P < 0.05, 8 h PBI% P < 0.01). 1 x 10(-4) micromol/L dbcAMP, 100 microg/ml heparin could single significantly inhibited progesterone-induced mouse GV stage oocyte maturation in vitro (2 h PBI% all P < 0.01, 8 h PBI% all P < 0.01), and could enhanced the inhibition of 16 micromol/L antisense c-myb ODN (2 h GVBD% all P < 0.01, 8h PBI% all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONProgesterone, protooncogene c-myb,cAMP and calcium all pay important role in regulating oocyte maturation and the mechanism of progesterone, cAMP and calcium in regulating oocyte maturation may be through the expression of protooncogene c-myb.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Genes, myb ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Oocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Oogenesis ; Progesterone ; pharmacology

Aim To investigate the effect of nicotinyl salicylic acid(NSA) on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by Collagen,ADP and AA.Methods Platelet aggregation induced by collagen,adenosine diphosphate(ADP) or arachidonic acid(AA) was studied with turbidimetry in rabbtis blood,in vitro and vivo.Results NSA significantly inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by Collagen and ADP,in vitro and vivo.The inhibition by NSA was dose-dependent.NSA had no effect on the platelet aggregation induced by AA.Conclusion NSA can inhibit rabbit platelet aggregation induced by Collagen and ADP.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transesophageal echocardiography during the lung transplanta tion. Methods From August 2005 to August 2009, 19 patients with advanced lung diseases received lung transplantation.The average age was(48.35±13.04) years. The echocardiographic probe was placed in patient's esophagus before surgery.The left and right pulmonary venous openings, artery blood flow velocity, right ventricular wall motion, left and right ventricular volume, right ventricular ejection fraction were recorded at different time intervals during lung transplantation, especially at the break and after completion of bronchus, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary artery anastomosis. Results The procedure included sequential-type lung transplantation in 6 cases and single lung transplantation in 13. The blood flow disappeared when blocking pulmonary artery and vein and right ventricular volume increased slightly. The right ventricular volume restored after completion of trachea, pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery anastomosis. TEE detected that the blood flow velocity of pulmonary veins, pulmonay artery anastomosis increased slightly. In 1 case the opening of the right pulmonsry artery blood flow velocity increased significantly and blood flow velocity decresed and blood oxygen partial pressure resumed after re-anastomosis of pulmonary artery. Conclusion TEE play an important role in monitoring pulmonary artery and vein anastomosis diameter and blood flow velocity and right ventricular function and predicting complications during lung transplantation.

In order to reaction the quality present situation, problems on the current quality of animal sources of drugs are summed up by using test data analysis, literature search and marketing research. This paper can also help the improvement of the quality management, the revision of the relevant department policy system and the improvement of standards.
Animals ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; standards ; Quality Control

AIMTo investigate the distribution of c-myb, an oncoprotein, in mouse oocytes-cumulus cell complex and sperm immunohistochemically.

METHODSTo study the effect of c-myb on mouse fertilization in vitro, various concentration of c-myb antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides (c-myb ASODNs) were incubated with sperms and oocytes during fertilization. To explore the possible mechanism involved in fertilization, the relationship between c-myb ASODNs and GABA or dbcAMP or Verapamil or Progesterone in fertilization was also observed by immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSc-myb oncoprotein was observed on the nucleus of cumulus cell and head of sperm. c-myb ASODNs inhibited the rate of fertilization in vitro in a dose-dependent way. The fertilization rates of the control group, low (5 micromol/L), medium (10 micromol/L), high (20 micromol/L) concentration c-myb ASODNs groups and nonsense tat oligodeoxynucleotides (20 micromol/L) group were 34.97%, 30.89%, 20.14%, 16.68%, 34.47%, respectively. All of GABA, Progesterone and dbcAMP inversed the c-myb ASODNs inhibition effects on fertilization rate, but neither of them showed significant effect on the percentages of immunohistochemical stain of Myb on sperm and cumulus cells. By contrast, Verapamil inhibited the fertilization rate. Co-treated with c-myb ASODNs, Verapamil showed synergic inhibiting effects on the fertilization with c-myb ASODNs. Verapamil also inhibited the expression of Myb on head of sperm. The fertilization rates of the control group, medium (10 micromol/L) concentration c-myb ASODNs group, GABA group, P4 group, Verapamil group, dbcAMP group were 34.81%, 22.96%, 40.83%, 39.12%, 7.46%, 40.61%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONc-myb ASODNs is closely correlated with fertilization. Verapamil can inhibit fertilization in vitro through regulating Myb expression of sperm, while GABA, dbcAMP and Verapamil may affect the process of fertilization through the way other than Myb expression.

Animals ; Bucladesine ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fertilization ; physiology ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Oocytes ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; metabolism ; Spermatozoa ; physiology ; Verapamil ; pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: The dynamic changes of pneumocyte apoptosis and aspartate-specific cysteine proteases-3 (caspase-3) expression in lung tissue of rats during the process of lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible action mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: This study was to observe the dynamic changes of pneumocyte apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in the rat lung tissue during the process of lung I/R injury, and to analyze the role of pneumocyte apoptosis and the possible action mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Emergency Center, First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the Animal Laboratory of the First Hospital of Nanjing Medcial University and Nanjing Center for Radioimmunity between April 2006 and September 2006. Twenty-eight male healthy SD rats of clean grade, with body weight of 250 to 350 g, aged 49 to 76 days, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Nanjing Medical University. The involved rats were randomized into experimental group and control group, with 14 rats in each.METHODS: ①Experimental intervention: Rats in the experimental group were created into models of lung I/R injury according to the method of Eppinger et al. They were occluded for 45 minutes at the porta of lung (no systolic and diastolic reactions in lung tissue being considered as successful occlusion), and then they were reperfused (recovery of systolic and diastolic function being considered as successful reperfusion); After that, lung tissues were harvested at 3 and 6 hours after lung I/R injury, 7 rats at each time point. Each rat in the control group was subjected to a thoracotony only, but lung tissues were isolated at the same time point by the same method. ②Experimental evaluation: Apoptotic cells in the lung tissue were detected with a flow cytometer by Annexin-V-PI staining, and apoptosis rate was calculated. Caspase-3 expression in the lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemical method and image analysis. Wet to dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue of rats in the two groups was calculated; the number of injured pulmonary alveoli at I/R 3 hours/that at I/R 6 hours was calculated for quantitative evaluation of injured lung tissue; Patho-morphological changes of lung tissue were observed by haematoxylin & eosin staining under an optical microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Pneumocyte apoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression in the lung tissue. ②W/D of lung tissue and quantitative evaluation of injured lung tissue. ③Patho-morphological changes of lung tissue.RESULTS: Twenty-eight rats were involved in the final analysis, without deletion. ①Pneumocyte apoptosis rates in the experimental group at I/R 3 and 6 hours were significantly increased as compared with control group (P＜0.01). In the experimental group, pneumocyte apoptosis rate was decreased a little at I/R 6 hours than at I/R 3 hours (P＜0.05). ②Caspase-3 expression in the lung tissue of rats of experimental group reached its top at I/R 3 hours, and was decreased a little at I/R 6 hours. At each time point, caspase-3 expression in the experimental group was increased as compared with control group (P＜0.01). ③In the experimental group, the number of injured pulmonary alveoli at I/R 3 hours/that at I/R 6 hours and W/D ratios of lung tissues were significantly increased as compared with control group (P＜0.01). In the experimental group, two ratios at I/R 6 hours were higher than those at I/R 3 hours (P＜0.05).④In the experimental group, the structure of pulmonary alveoli was destructed, collapsed and disappeared; lots of inflammatory cell infiltration was found; Patho-morphological changes of injured lung tissue at I/R 6 hours were severer than those at I/R 3 hours. No obvious changes were found in the control group.CONCLUSION: At the early stage of lung I/R injury, the alteration of caspase-3 maybe activate pneumocyte apoptosis and induce the apoptosis of lung tissue, and thereby leads to lung injury.

Objective To evaluate the cLinical outcome and influencing factors of open reduction and internal fixation in treatment of hip dislocation combined with acetabular fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 51 patients with hip dislocation combined with twetabular frac-tures, who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia in the emergen-cy department on admission. Of all, 41 patients were treated with open reduction and plate/screw internal fixation, for which the reduction result was evaluated by postoperative X-rays and follow up X-rays accord-ing to Matta's criteria and the functional outcome by Merle d' Aubigne's criteria. Results Of 41 pa-tients, 33 were followed up for 1-7 years (mean 3.1 years). X-ray evaluation showed anatomic reduction in 27 patients (82%), imperfect reduction in five (15%) and poor reduction in one (3%). The clini-cal outcome at the time of final follow-up was graded as excellent in 18 patients (55%), good in 8 (24%), mederate in 3 (9%) and peor in4 (12%), with total excellence rate of 79%. Conclusion Prompt reduction of hip dislocation, precise reduction of the acetabular fracture and decrease of periopera-tive comphcations are key to excellent clinical outcome.