OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Polygonatum sibiricum on Yin deficiency model rats induced by long-term overload swimming.

METHODExcept for the normal group, all of the remaining rats performed the long-term overload swimming for eight weeks, with five days every week and once every day, to establish the Yin deficiency model. The daily swimming time increased from 10 min to 180 min at the end of the 7th week, with the water depth of 60 cm and the water temperature at 30 degrees C. After the success of the modeling, the rats were orally administered with different doses of aqueous extracts from P. sibiricum (2.5, 10 g x kg(-1)) for eight weeks. After the final administration, their blood were collected from orbits to measure immunoglobulin A, G and M (IgA, IgG, IgM), interleukin 2 and 6 (IL-2, IL-6) and cAMP, cGMP contents in plasma General behavioral indicators (weight, facial temperature, pain threshold and holding power) of rats were observed during the drug administration.

RESULTCompared with the model control group, aqueous extracts from P. sibiricum was given for eight weeks to significantly increase the rat weight and holding power of Yin deficiency model rats, decrease the facial temperature and the sensitivity of pain threshold, and increase IgA, IgG, IgM and IL-6 content and IgG content in serum, but without statistical difference. Aqueous extracts from P. sibiricum (10 g x kg(-1)) could also increase IL-2 content in serum, and decrease cAMP content and cAMP/cGMP ratio.

CONCLUSIONP. sibiricum could improve the general behavioral indicators (weight, holding power, pain threshold and facial temperature), immunologic functions (IgA, IgG, IgM) and cyclic nucleotide (cAMP, cAMP/cGMP), so as to ameliorate such Yin deficiency symptoms as dysphoria in chestpalms-soles, weight loss, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, immunologic dysfunction and cyclic nucleotide system disorders.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Swimming ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Actins ; metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms ; blood ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; blood ; etiology ; Ilium ; Mesenchymoma ; blood ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia ; blood ; etiology ; Phosphates ; blood ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of combined assay of serum PG and OPN concentration for gastric cancer screening.

METHODSPepsinogen I , II and osteopontin (OPN) concentrations in fasting serum were measured by ELISA in 570 subjects, including 144 gastric cancer, 60 dysplasia, 113 atrophic gastritis, 70 erosion or ulcer, 92 superficial gastritis and 91 healthy control. The cut off point for PG and OPN was determined using receiver operator characteristics curves (ROC).

RESULTSUsing a serum PG I concentration < or =80 ng/ml, I: II ration < or =5.0 and OPN concentration > or =34 ng/ml or > or =30.4 ng/ml (based on ROC) for gastric cancer screening,the specificity, positive and negative predictive values were superior to that obtained by PG concentration only. Using a serumPGI concentration < or =50 ng/ml, I : II ration C 5. 0 and OPN concentration > or =35.2 ng/ml or > or =29. 2 ng/ml (based on ROC), the sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values were superior to that obtained by PG concentration only. Combining PG and OPN for gastric cancer screening, both sensitivity and specificity were more than 70% , while with OPN alone, only good specificity can be achieved.

CONCLUSIONCombining different serum PG and OPN concentration for gastric cancer screening is superior to PG or OPN only. This may be used as a new method in gastric cancer mass screening.

Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Osteopontin ; blood ; Pepsinogen A ; blood ; Pepsinogen C ; blood ; Precancerous Conditions ; blood ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Stomach Ulcer ; blood ; diagnosis

AIM: To establish an experimental model of high intraocular pressure in mice by laser photocoagulation and to prepare for future research.
METHODS: Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was induced unilaterally in 44 C57BL/6 mice. The fellow eye served as a control. TONO-PEN AVIA Tonomter was used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) to guarantee IOP value at 1, 2, 4, 8wk. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed throughout the period and the structural changes were assessed histologically. And then, their eyes were enucleated, postfixed, cryoprotected, and embedded in optimal cutting temperature medium. After hematoxylin and eosin stain ( HE stain ) , cryosections of the retina were observed under light microscope. TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) was performed on the retinal sections to determine apoptosis rate.
RESULTS: IOP of laser-treated eyes was significantly higher than that of control eyes from 1-8wk (P<0. 05). The highest IOP was 31mmHg, but only one eye. The IOP was mainly around 20mmHg. In laser-treated eyes, the angle of anterior chamber were narrow. Number of cells in the inner nuclear layer and retial gangllion cell layer was slightly lower than that in control eyes at 2wk, but by 4 and 8wk the number of cells was significantly lower than that in the control contralateral eyes.
CONCLUSION: The laser photocoagulation of limbus causes chronic elevation of IOP and this method may be a promising experimental model for the investigation of biological mechanisms of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell damage.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside RG3 on choroidal neovascularization in vitro and in vivo.Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside RG3 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation in vitro,and HUVEC were divided into normal group,in which the cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum,control group with its medium containing 2 g · L-1 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and different concentrations of ginsenoside RG3 administration group (12.5 μmol · L-1,25.0 imol · L-1,50.0 μmol · L-1,100.0 μmol · L-1).Then the absorbance value was measured after 6 h.Then,a small amount of HUVEC was collected again and divided into control group with its medium containing 2 g · L-1 DMSO and 100.0 μrnol · L-1 ginsenoside RG3 group for detecting the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside RG3 on tubular formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression by Western blots.In vivo,20 male C57BL/6J mice were collected and randomly divided into control group and ginsenoside RG3 group.After 2 weeks,followed by establishment of model with a semiconductor laser,fundus fluorescein angiography was performed on the 1 st day and 21 st days after treatment.Results MTT results showed that absorbance value of the normal group,control group,12.5 μnol · L-1,25.0 μmol · L-1,50.0 μmol · L-1,100.0 μmol · L-1 ginsenoside RG3 group was 0.43 +0.17,0.43 ±0.05,0.33 +0.02,0.24 +0.02,0.18 ±0.01,0.15 ±0.01 accordingly,and there was no significant difference between the control group and the normal group (all P ＞ 0.05),but the difference between the other group and control group was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Tubular formation assay showed that the number of tubular formation in the control group and 100.0 μmol · L-1 ginsenoside RG3 group was 72.5 + 5.56 and 11.33 ± 3.71,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Western blots showed that the relative expression of VEGF in 100.0 μmol · L-1 ginsenoside RG3 group (0.14 ±0.01) was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.46 ±0.01),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.01).In vivo fundus fluorescein anglography showed that the fluorescein leakage area of ginsenoside RG3 group was lower than that of the control group.Conclusion Ginsenosid RG3 can inhibit the formation of choroidal neovascularization by inhibiting the expression of VEGF in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To explore relationship between different HBV genotypes and peripheral blood HBV specific and nonspecific CTL of patients with cirrhotic hepatitis B and its significance. Methods HBV genotypes were tested in 91 patients with cirrhotic hepatitis B, differences of HBV specific and nonspecific CTL between patients infected with genotype B and C were compared and its significance was explored. Results In 91 cases of cirrhotic hepatitis B, 55 cases (60.44% ) belong to genotype C, 35 cases (38. 46% ) belong to genotype B, 1 case (1. 1% ) belongs to mixture genotype B and C. In genotype C,27 cases (49.09% ) had positive (HLA)-A2, HBV specific CTL was 0. 18% ±0.03%. In genotype B, 18 cases (51.43% ) had positive HLA-A2, HBV specific CTL was 0. 38% ± 0.04% , higher than that in genotype C,t =5. 01, P <0. 01. Nonspecific CTL: genotype C (11. 87% ± 1. 50% ) ; genotype B( 11. 90%± 1. 51% ), t =0. 14, P ＜0. 05. HBV DNA level; genotype C (6. 01 ± 0. 81) log10 copy/ml, higher than that in genotype B (5.01 ± 0.54) log10 copy/ml, t =5.01, P ＜0.01. ALT; genotype C (251. 13 ± 131. 11) U/L, higher than that in genotype B (121. 25 ± 63. 21) U/L, t =3. 61, P <0. 01. TBil (45. 61± 15.11) μmol/L, higher than that in genotype B (28.11 ±6.25) μmol/L, t = 3.05, P ＜ 0.01. Conclusion Compared with patients infected with genotype B of cirrhotic hepatitis B, HBV specific CTL of patients infected with genotype C was lower, resulting in higher level of HBV DNA and more severe damage of liver function.

Objective Detrusor overactivity (DO) is one known cause of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).In this study,OAB symptoms suggestive of DO in BPH were treated with α1-blocker monotherapy or α1-blocker and antimuscarinics add-on therapy,and the efficacy and safety were assessed.Methods BPH patients who suffered from OAB symptoms for at least 3 month were enrolled in a prospective self-control study from August 2010 to April 2012.The inclusion criteria are total international prostate symptom score (IPSS) ≥8,OAB Symptom Score (OABSS) ≥3,OABSS urgency score ≥2,Postvoid residual volume (PVR) ＜ 100 ml,and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) ≥ 5 ml/s.All the patients who met the inclusion criteria were treated with α1-blocker ( tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day or doxazosin 4 mg/day) for 2 weeks.After 2 weeks,patients with no symptomatic improvement ( OABSS≥3) underwent pressure-flow test,and those whose Pdet≥ 40 cm H2O and DO presented more than one time were added antimuscarinics (solifenacin 5 mg/day or tolterodine 4 mg/day) for an additional 2 weeks.OABSS,IPSS,QOL,Qmax and PVR were re-evaluated every 2 weeks.Results Ninety-four cases of BPH/OAB patients met the inclusion criteria and completed 4 weeks treatment.The baseline of total OABSS was 7.0 ± 1.3,IPSS was 17.0 ± 1.7,QOL was 5.0 ±0.7,Qmax was (8.8 ±2.5) ml/s and PVR was (86.0 ± 16.5) ml.After 2 weeks treatment with α1-blocker alone,OABSS was 5.2 ± 0.8,IPSS was 14.2 ± 1.9,QOLwas4.O±0.8,Qmaxwas (11.4±2.4) ml/s and PVR was (67.9±12.9) ml.After another2 weeks treatment with α1-blocker plus antimuscarinics,OABSS was 3.1 ± 0.8,IPSS was 11.1 ± 1.9,QOL was 3.1 ± 0.7,Qmax was ( 10.8 ± 2.4) ml/s and PVR was (71.8 ± 11.9 ) ml.Compared with baseline values,OABSS,IPSS,QOL,Qmax and PVR significantly improved (P ＜ 0.01 ) in α1-blocker monotherapy group and α1-blocker plus antimuscarinic group.The improvement of OABSS,IPSS,QOL scores of α1-blocker plus antimuscarinic group were greater than α1-blocker monotherapy group (p ＜ 0.05 ),while Qmax and PVR showed no differences between the two groups.No acute urinary retention (AUR) was deteted.Conclusion Both of α1-blocker monotherapy and α1-blocker with antimuscarinics add-on therapy can improve OAB symptoms.

To study the pharmacokinetics characteristic of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Bushen Tongluo formula. The plasma samples were treated by using liquid-liquid extraction technique, the concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV. Johnson spherigel C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and eluted with the of mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.01% glacial acetic acid in a gradient mode, with the flow rate at 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 30 degrees C and injection volume of 10 μL. According to the findings, loganin was determined at 235 nm, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were determined at 320 nm, with the sample size of 10 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software as follows: C(max) was (0.369 ± 0.042), (0.387 ± 0.071), (0.233 ± 0.044) mg x L(-1); t(max) was (0.226 ± 0.022), (0.282 ± 0.031), (0.233 ± 0.044) h; t(½β) was (6.89 ± 0.20), (10.73 ± 0.11), (6.93 ± 0.09) h; AUC(0-∞) was (1.91 ± 0.36), (3.22 ± 0.52), (1.52 ± 0.33) mg x h x L(-1); AUCO(0-t) was (1.62 ± 0.33), (2.58 ± 0.43), (1.30 ± 0.30) mg x h x L(-1); CL was (20.2 ± 4.0), (1.39 ± 0.23), (31.7 ± 6.9) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The results showed that after the oral administration with Bushen Tongluo formula, loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside showed concentration-time curves in conformity with the two compartment model, with a rapid absorption, loganin and stilbene glucoside was excreted at a moderate speed, and ferulic acid was excreted slowly (but with the highest bioavailability). Bushen Tongluo formula can main maintain plasma concentration with three administrations everyday and so is suitable to be made into common oral preparation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) system is a combination of spectroscopy and laser tweezers; It is a new method of studying cells; It can trap single living cell and make Raman spectrum of single living cell. From the positions, intensities, and line widths of the Raman peaks in the spectra, we can get useful information about composition, structure and interactions of complexes inside the living cells. External agents may change cell's physiological state and this changed information can also be got from Raman spectra. This article is a study of Raman spectra of human red blood cell (RBC) affected by different intensity direct current (DC); from the result, distinct change of Raman spectra of RBC have been got. These changes characterize the changes of the internal information of the cells. This article give some academic reference of physical therapy using DC in the level of molecule.
Electricity ; Erythrocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Lasers ; Optical Tweezers ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; methods