OBJECTIVETo study the expression and distribution of KDR, VEGF and CD34 in yolk sac and liver of human embryo at different development stage.

METHODSYolk sacs and livers of 15 human embryos were analyzed by the immunohistochemical SP kits for the expression of KDR, VEGF and CD34.

RESULTSKDR, VEGF and CD34 were all expressed in yolk sacs and livers of the embryos. In the intermediate liver group, the grey value of KDR and VEGF were 103.8 +/- 6.1 and 96.4 +/- 6.3, respectively, stronger than that in the late liver group which were 90.4 +/- 6.0 and 87.4 +/- 6.3, respectively (P < 0.05). A positive correlation between the levels of KDR and VEGF was observed (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of KDR and CD34 in yolk sac and liver of embryo suggests the presence of hemangioblast in these organs. Interaction of KDR and VEGF might relate to survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of hemangioblasts.

Embryo, Mammalian ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; embryology ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; biosynthesis ; Yolk Sac ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate five serum tumor markers used alone or in combination for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

METHODSThe level of five serum tumor markers: NSE, pro-GRP, CYFRA21-1, p53 antibody and CEA was detected by ELISA in 50 healthy adults, 170 lung cancer patients and 60 patients with respiratory infection.

RESULTSThe level of the five serum tumor markers in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy adults and patients with respiratory infection (P < 0.01). The level of NSE and pro-GRP in patients with small-cell lung cancer was significantly higher than those of the other subtypes of lung cancer (P < 0.01); The level of CYFRA21-1 in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of other subtypes (P < 0.01). The specificity of p53 antibody was 100% in diagnosing lung cancer and the sensitivity of NSE, pro-GRP was much higher for small-cell lung cancer than for other subtypes (P < 0.01); The same was observed in CYFRA21-1 for the diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the tumor markers in diagnosing lung cancer was significantly enhanced if used in combination (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThese five tumor markers are valuable auxiliary parameters in diagnosing lung cancer. The combination of NSE and pro-GRP is more appropriate than other combinations in diagnosing small-cell lung cancer; the combination of CYFRA21-1, CEA and p53 antibody is the most valuable combination for diagnosing non-small-cell lung cancer. p53 antibody has the highest specificity for diagnosing lung cancer; CYFRA21-1 is the most valuable parameter for diagnosing squamous carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; blood ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Female ; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide ; blood ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; Keratins ; blood ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; immunology

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese Jing Liqueur (Curculiginis Rhizoma,Angelicae sinensis Radix,Cistanches Herba,etc.) in relieving main symptoms of patients with Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome.METHODS Within eight-week trial,one hundred and twenty patients randomly and equally assigned to control group and experimental group took 50 mL Chinese Jing Liqueur and 50 mL 10％ diluted Chinese Jing Liqueur,respectively.The grading scale for Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome and change curve for body surface temperature after drinking were established on day 0,the 4th week day and the 8th week day.The blood samples were collected for blood hemorheologies detection as well.An array of measurements before and after drinking,the Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome scores,single symptom scores,body surface temperature and hemorheologies between the two groups were thus compared.RESULTS The experimental group displayed a significantly higher clinical cure rate (31.034％) than the control group (5.172％) (P =0.000),total effective rate (69.966％)than the control group (34.483％) (P =0.000).The experimental group didn't compromise its superiority to the control group if evaluated by improvement in chilly sensation and the cold limbs (35.593％ to 6.667％,P =0.000);and by the fibrinogen level [(2.845 ± 0.724) g/L to (2.500 ± 0.395) g/L,P =0.004)].No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was observed (P =0.619).Meanwhile,Chinese Jing Liqueur's power in improving the patients' fatigue and weakness of waist and knees,hyposexuality,listlessness,nocturia and lower extremity edema was noticed as well.CONCLUSION For patients with Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome,Chinese Jing Liqueur proves its efficacy in improving their main symptoms through enhancing the basic skin temperature and prolonging the duration of skin temperature rise.

In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS) based chemical profiling approach was used to evaluate chemical constitution between co-decoction and mixed decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata. Two different kinds of decoctions, namely co-decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata: water extract of mixed two herbs, and mixed decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata: mixed water extract of each individual herbs, were prepared. Batches of these two kinds of decoction samples were subjected to UPLC-TOF/MS analysis. The datasets of t(R) m/z pairs, ion intensities and sample codes were processed with supervised partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to holistically compare the difference between these two decoction samples. Significant difference between the two decoction samples was showed in the results of positive ion mode. The contents of hypaconitine and deoxyaconitine decreased, while that of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine and dehydrated benzoylmesaconine increased in the samples of co-decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata. The content of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased, while that of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids increased, which is probably the basis of toxicity-attenuated action when combined ginseng with Radix Aconiti Praeparata.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019. Diagnostic methods based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) have been developed to detect SARSCoV-2 rapidly. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CRISPR for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: Studies published before August 2021 were retrieved from four databases, using the keywords “SARS-CoV-2” and “CRISPR.” Data were collected from these publications, and the sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for analysis with MetaDiSc 1.4. The Stata 15.0 software was used to draw Deeks’ funnel plots to evaluate publication bias. Results: We performed a pooled analysis of 38 independent studies shown in 30 publications. The reference standard was reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the sensitivity of CRISPR-based methods for diagnosis was 0.94 (95% CI 0.93–0.95), the specificity was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99), the PLR was 34.03 (95% CI 20.81–55.66), the NLR was 0.08 (95% CI 0.06– 0.10), and the DOR was 575.74 (95% CI 382.36–866.95). The area under the curve was 0.9894. Conclusion Studies indicate that a diagnostic method based on CRISPR has high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this would be a potential diagnostic tool to improve the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 detection.

The paper is to report the study of the effect of Shenfu injection on the enzyme activity of liver CYP450 and its mRNA level of rat liver. Microsome of rat liver was prepared after intravenous administration of Shenfu injection for 7 days. The enzyme activity was quantified by Cocktail method. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A1 in the liver was detected by RT-PCR. Shenfu injection obviously induced the enzyme activities of CYP2B and CYP2C. Meantime Shenfu injection decreased the enzyme activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A. The mRNA levels of CYP2B and CYP2C were also induced in rats treated with Shenfu injection. But it obviously inhibited the mRNA level of CYP1A2 and CYP3A. Since the enzyme activity and mRNA level were obviously changed after administration, the potential effect of drug-drug interaction should be concerned.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P450 Family 2 ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Injections ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; enzymology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir maleate (ETV) versus ETV in Chinese patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB).

METHODSThe patient population of this previously published randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled, multicenter study was expanded by patients in the 0.5 mg/day ETV maleate group (total n = 110) and patients in the 0.5 mg/day ETV group (total n = 108). At treatment weeks 12, 24 and 48, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were measured by the Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman PCR assay. Adverse events (AE) were recorded.

RESULTSAs in the original analysis, the two treatment groups showed similar characteristics at baseline. In addition, the results for the all therapeutic effects showed identical trends to the results obtained in the original analysis, including the statistically similar effects of ETV and ETV maleate treatment-induced decreases in mean HBV DNA level at weeks 12, 24, and 48 (ETV: by 4.28, 5.00, and 5.53 log10 IU/ml vs. ETV maleate: by 4.46, 4.99, and 5.51 log10 IU/ml, respectively; all vs. baseline P more than 0.05), achievement of undetectable levels of serum HBV DNA ( less than 20 IU/ml) at week 48 (ETV: 38.18% vs. ETV maleate: 35.19%; P more than 0.05), HBeAg loss rates at week 48 (ETV: 10.91% vs. ETV maleate: 12.96%; P more than 0.05), HBeAg seroconversion rates at week 48 (ETV: 7.77% vs. ETV maleate: 10.38%; P more than 0.05), normalization of alanine aminotransferase at week 48 (ETV: 75.47% vs. ETV maleate: 82.86%; P more than 0.05), and overall incidence of AE (ETV: 18.02% vs. ETV maleate: 17.43%; P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPerforming analysis of the therapeutic efficacies of entecavir maleate versus entecavir with a larger study population confirmed our original findings of similar efficacy and safety profiles for these two drugs in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Guanine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to analyze the electrocardiographic features of the people living in the area with high incidence of unexplained sudden deaths in Yunnan province.

METHODThe electrocardiograms of 338 residents from three villages (Dayao, Ninglang, Heqing) with high incidence of unexplained sudden deaths and one control village (Dali) were analyzed [averaged age was (33.4 +/- 11.7) years, 175 men and 163 women].

RESULTSThe incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was similar low in all groups. The left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 34.6% of residents from Dayao. QTc significantly prolonged in the residents from all 3 high incidence areas compare the control area of Dali [control (386.8 +/- 27.22) ms, Ninglang (428.92 +/- 25.71) ms, Heqing (440.67 +/- 28.03) ms, Dayao (417.7 +/- 24.00) ms, P < 0.05 vs. control]. Incidence of U wave was significantly higher in Heqing village than that in control village (P < 0.05). The QUc of these 3 villages was: (613.67 +/- 37.34) ms, (597.19 +/- 46.47) ms, (608.59 +/- 39.59) ms respectively, and also significantly longer than the control village of Dali (589.33 +/- 41.27) ms (P < 0.05). The typical pattern of U wave presents as enlarged U wave and apparent T-U complex. In the 7 residents who have the family history of unexplained sudden death, 6 residents have U wave, and 4 of them present typical U wave pattern.

CONCLUSIONThe significant ECG changes in villages with high incidence of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan province were prolonged QTc, enlarged U wave and apparent T-U complex and these ECG features suggested the repolarization abnormalities of the heart in these subjects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Death, Sudden ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Electrocardiography ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the risk factors for patients using intraoperative vasopressor infusions during carotid body tumor(CBT)excision.Patients' mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)fluctuations as well as their requirements for vasoactive agents during surgery were assessed. Methods The patients receiving CBT excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 1,2013 to July 31,2017 were included for a retrospective cohort study.The potential factors of intraoperative requirement for vasopressor infusions were investigated using univariate analysis and Logistic multivariate analysis.Furthermore,the relationships of Shamblin types of CBT with intraoperative MAP/HR fluctuations and requirements for vasoactive agents were analyzed. Results A total of 108 patients with 116 CBTs were included.Univariate analysis revealed that maximum tumor diameter >4 cm,intraoperative internal carotid artery injury,internal carotid artery reconstruction,malignant pathology,advanced Shamblin types(type Ⅱ and Ⅲ),estimated blood loss ≥400 ml,and operation duration >4 hours were associated with intraoperative requirements for vasopressor infusions.Logistic analysis showed that Shamblin type Ⅲ(OR=2.286,95% CI=1.324-14.926,P=0.016)and operation duration >4 hours(OR=3.874,95% CI=1.020-14.623,P=0.046)were risk factors for intraoperative requirements for vasopressor infusions during CBT surgery.In addition,Shamblin type Ⅲ was associated with intraoperative abnormal HR elevation and requirements for vasopressors.Conclusions Shamblin type Ⅲ and operation duration>4 hours are risk factors for intraoperative requirements of patients for using vasopressor infusions during CBT surgery.Shamblin type Ⅲ is associated with intraoperative abnormal HR elevation and requirements for vasopressors.
Carotid Body Tumor ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Surgical Procedures

A simple and sensitive method was developed for quantitation of obeticholic acid in rat plasma with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After liquid-liquid extraction by methyl tert-butyl ether, the chromatographic separation was carried out on an ACE Excel 2 Super C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm ID, 1.7 μm) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min^-1. The quantitation analysis was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at the specific ion transitions of m/z 418.9[M-H]^-→401.2 for obeticholic acid and m/z 469.0[M-H]^-→ 425.2 for glycyrrhetinic acid (internal standard) in the negative ion mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) source. This validated LC-MS/MS method yielded a good linearity over the range of 5 -5 000 ng·mL^-1 with the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 5 ng·mL^-1. The intra and inter-assay precisions (RSD) were all less than 9.82% and the accuracy (RE) was within ±6.90%. The extraction recovery of obeticholic acid was from 85.4% to 88.5%, and the matrix effect of obeticholic acid ranged from 78.9% to 82.5%. Stability test suggest that obeticholic acid in rat plasma was stable for 24 h on workbench, up to 1 month at -70℃, and after three cycles of freeze-thaw. Extracted samples were stable for more than 24 h in an auto-sampler at 6℃. The precision was less than 7.25%, and the accuracy was within ±11.2%, after being diluted 10 times by blank rat plasma. The method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of obeticholic acid in rats following oral administration at the dose of 2.5 mg·kg^-1.