Aims To establish a UPLC-MS/MS meth-od for the determination of plasma concentration of scutellarein and its metabolite and to study their phar-macokinetics in rat plasma. Methods The analysis was achieved by BEH C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0 . 1 % formic acid in acetonitrile and 0 . 1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution. A TQD tandem mass spectrometry equipped with electros-pray ionization source was used as detector and opera-ted by multiple reaction monitoring( MRM) positive ion mode. After intravenous injection of scutellarein, the concentrations of scutellarein and its major metabolite glucuronide scutellarin in rat plasma were determined at different time points. The pharmacokinetic parame-ters were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software. Results Good linearity was achieved for scutellarein, the ex-traction recovery was between 80 . 5 % to 90 . 5 %, the precisions and accuracy were good. The result showed the pharmacokinetic profiles of scutellarein and glucu-ronide scutellarin both fit to the two-compartment mod-el. Conclusion The above mentioned method is spe-cific, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the pharmacoki-netic studies of scutellarein and its metabolite.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of urethral stent implantation on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia caused by neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.Methods13 patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia caused by neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction were treated with the operation of the urethral stent implantation. Voiding function, renal function, residual urine volume and hytronephrosis were examined before and after the operation to evaluate the effect of this procedure.ResultsAfter operation, 7 patients normally emptied their bladders and 6 patients had urinary incontinence. Urethral stents were removed from 2 patients in this group due to the irritation symptoms, the second implantation was performed in a patient due to the voiding difficulty. The renal function of patients after the operation had a non-significant improvement, but the residual urine volume and hytronephrosis improved significantly.Conclusion Urethral stent implantation can decrease residual urine volume and hytronephrosis in patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia caused by neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Objective To compare the efficacy of small splint fixation and plaster fixation in treating distal radius fracture. Methods One hundred and four cases of type A2 distal radius fracture admitted from January of 2012 to May of 2013 were randomly divided into small splint fixation group and plaster fixation group. After reduction, patients in the two groups were fixed with small splint and plaster separately. Wrist function scores, 36-item Short Form ( SF-36) scores and roentgenographic scores were evaluated for the two groups at different time points. Results ( 1) Within 3 months of follow up, the improvement of wrist function in small splint fixation group was significantly superior to that in plaster fixation group (P<0.05), and the differences of wrist function scores were insignificant between the two groups with the prolongation of follow-up (P>0.05). (2) SF-36 scores of the two groups were gradually increased along with the follow up. After follow-up for one week, 2 weeks, one month and 3 months, the SF-36 scores in small splint fixation group were significantly higher than that in plaster fixation group ( P<0.05) , but there was no significant difference after 6 months ( P>0.05). ( 3) After follow up for one year, the excellent rate for roentgenographic scores was higher than 80% in both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both small splint fixation and plaster fixation have satisfacory efficacy in treating type A2 distal radius fracture. But during the therapeutic process, wrist function scores and life quality scores in the small splint fixation group were higher than those in the plaster fixation group.

The drug-loading system of DMF (dextran - magnetic layered double hydroxide - fluorouracil) was synthesized by "co-precipitation intercalated assembly - dextran composite in situ - solvent conversion" technology. The crystal-phase characteristic and slow-release performance of DMF were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrum (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TG) and in vitro release experiment. The targeted transshipment and slow-release effect of DMF system were evaluated by in vivo animal experiment. It was showed that the XRD of DMF matched with R-sixtetragonum type layered double hydroxide and Fd-3m cubic type ferrite. IR test demonstrated that the DMF system was a supra-molecular complex consisted of Dextran (DET), magnetic layered double hydroxide (MLDH) and fluorouracil (FU) components. The two-level supra-molecular MLDH-FU presented six-edge lozenge TEM morphology, with layered characteristics. DET on the surface of DMF was capable of protecting the layered structure of MLDH-FU, improving particle dispersion properties, and strengthening the slow-release performance of the drug delivery system. The drug release model of DMF at pH 7.35 of PBS in vitro fit to the zero-order kinetics equation C = 1.1716 x 10(-5) + 4.4626 x 10(-7) t. The drug delivery system DMF could transport drugs principally to in vivo target organs with a local effect, targeted specificity, and excellent circulation transshipment performance. The pharmacokinetic process of DMF presented multi-peak phenomenon with peak attenuation and cyclic growth. The peaks appeared at 0.25, 1, 3, 5 and 9 d separately after dosing intervention. The first peak process of DMF accorded with a pharmacokinetic equation of C(FU) = 14.34 e(-0.530t) + 36.04 e(-0.321t) + 24.18 e(-0.96t), and presented the characteristic of slow absorption and fast elimination. As for subsequent peak processes, half-life increased, bioavailability increased, and plasma clearance decreased. The highest peak value of DMF was 1/37 of original value of FU, and the relative bioavailability was 419% to original FU.

rs of glucose and lipid metabolism in adolescents with abdominal obesity. Determimation of serum A-FABP concentration might be useful in diagnosis and prevention of metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity in adolescent.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on the activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods Forty-five healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 each): sham operation group (group S), I/R group and sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo). Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Group Spo received 5 min inhlation of 2.5% sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion. The myocardial tissues were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of infarct size and activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2 * -Mg2 * -ATPase. Results The infarct size was significantly larger and the activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase were signifi cantly lower in group I/R than in group S ( P ＜ 0.05). The infarct size was significantly smaller and the activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase were significantly higher in group Spo than in group I/R (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury through increasing the activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase.

BACKGROUND:The mechanism underlying orthodontic-induced external root resorption is not yet clear, and it differs individual y. Kidney deficiency has been proved to be related to bone diseases which mediated by different cytokines. Interleukin-17 is an important cytokine involved in external root resorption. So figuring out whether kidney deficiency and interleukin-17 are related to root resorption wil be helpful for etiological research.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between kidney deficiency physique, interleukin-17 and root resorption during orthodontic treatment in rats.
METHODS:Thirty-six Wistar rats were selected and equivalently randomized into two groups, fol owed by modeled into kidney deficiency (kidney deficiency group) or injected with normal saline (control group), respectively. Afterwards, the right maxil ary of each rat served as an orthodontic force model, and the left maxil ary as a non-orthodontic force model. Al rats were respectively sacrificed under general anesthesia at the 3, 7 and 14 days after given orthodontic force. Then, the mesial surface of the root of maxil ary first molars and the expression level of interleukin-17 were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Histological observation showed that significantly increasing root resorption in a time-dependent manner could be observed, and there were various absorbed lacunae of osteoclasts on the enamel in the kidney deficiency orthodontic force group. The alveolar bone resorption and widened periodontal membrane appeared in the control orthodontic force group. While no remarkable root and alveolar bone resorptions were found in the other two non-orthodontic force groups. The expression level of interleukin-17 in the kidney deficiency orthodontic force group was higher than that in the control orthodontic force group;the expression level of interleukin-17 in the kidney deficiency non-orthodontic force group was higher than that in the control non-orthodontic force group. In conclusion, kidney deficiency patients are easy to develop root resorption, the mechanism of which is maybe relevant to the upregulation of interleukin-17.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of radionuclide salivagram in children with pulmonary aspiration.Methods From March 2012 to June 2015,a total of 62 patients (37 males,25 females;age range:2 d-14 years) with suspected pediatric aspiration pneumonia were enrolled in this retrospective study.All patients underwent gastroesophageal reflux (GER) imaging and(or) radionuclide salivagram.Detection rate of pulmonary aspiration by the two imaging techniques was compared with x2 test.Results Of 62 patients,14 were diagnosed as pulmonary aspiration,including 1 detected by GER imaging,and 13 detected by salivagram.The detection rate for pulmonary aspiration by radionuclide salivagram (26.0％,13/50) was significantly higher than that by GER imaging (3.1％,1/32;x2=7.211,P＜0.05).Eight of the 13 cases with pulmonary aspiration diagnosed by radionuclide salivagram underwent upper gastrointestinal radiography,and 5 cases had visible contrast agent in the airway.Conclusion Radionuclide salivagram has a higher detection rate for pulmonary aspiration compared to GER imaging,and has good concordance with the traditional upper gastrointestinal radiography.

Objective To evaluate the value of 99Tcm-EHIDA SPECT combined with planar hepatobiliary scintigraphy (combined scintigraphy) in the differentiation of infant biliary atresia (BA) from neonatal hepatitis (NH).Methods This is a retrospective study on 32 infants with cholestasis (18 males,14 females;age:28-83 d) from June 2013 to June 2014.All infants underwent sequential 99Tcm-EHIDA hepatobiliary planar scintigraphy and combined scintigraphy,and the diagnostic efficacy of the 2 methods for differentiating infant BA from NH was analyzed by x2 test.Results In sequential planar scintigraphy,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 76.2％ (16/21),6/11,68.8％ (22/32),76.2％ (16/21) and 6/11,respectively.In combined scintigraphy,the diagnostic parameters were 95.2％ (20/21),8/11,87.5％ (28/32),87.0％ (20/23) and 8/9,respectively.Combined scintigraphy correctly identified 4 BA cases that were misdiagnosed as NH by planar scintigraphy.The sensitivity of combined scintigraphy was significantly higher than that of planar scintigraphy (x2 =4.285,P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found in the other diagnostic parameters (x2 =0.061-0.405,all P＞0.05).Conclusions Combined scintigraphy has incremental value for the differentiation of infant BA from NH.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-repeffusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =15 each):group sham operation ( group S) ; group I/R and group sevoflurane postconditioning (group Spo).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3％ pentobarbital 45 mg/kg,tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in groups I/R and Spo.In group Spo the animals inhaled 2.5％ sevoflurane for 5 min starting from 1 min before reperfusion was started.The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion.Their hearts were removed for measurement of infarct size and the area at risk and determination of apoptotic index (the number of apoptotic cells/the total number of cells) and Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA expression.Results Sevoflurane postconditioning significantly reduced infarct size in group Spo as compared with group I/R.There was no significant difference in area at risk between groups I/R and Spo.Myocardial I/R significantly increased the apoptotic index,Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA expression in group I/R as compared with group S.Sevoflurane postconditioning significantly decreased apoptotic index and Bax protein and mRNA expression but increased Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression in group Spo as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates myocardial I/R injury by redncing myocardial apoptosis,up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax expression.