Objective:To investigate the changes of intestinal flora and serum amino acid levels in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)at different stages, and to provide evidence for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of PD.Methods:A total of 140 elderly PD patients diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled and divided into PD course <5 years group(n=70)and PD course≥5 years group(n=70). Ninety subjects without PD confirmed by medical examination in our hospital were included as the control group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR of 16S rDNA gene was used to detect levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium prasus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Prevotella copri and Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria in the gut, and the high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the serum amino acids in the three groups.Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium prasalis and Prevotella copri in the intestines were decreased and Enterobacter level was increased in PD course <5 years group and PD course≥5 year group( F=20.863, 32.251, 23.166, 24.683 and 10.136, all P<0.001). The serum levels of methionine, tryptophan, lysine and glutamate in PD course <5 years and PD course≥5 year group were decreased as compared with the control group( F=5.858, 5.877, 4.183 and 25.462, all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum glutamate level was positively correlated with Clostridium prastia in the intestine( r=0.647, P=0.002)and negatively correlated with Prevotella copri( r=-0.559, P=0.010). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors in the intestines of elderly PD patients were Bifidobacterium( OR=0.186, 95% CI: 0.054-0.637, P=0.007), Lactobacillus( OR=0.283, 95% CI: 0.098-0.816, P=0.020), Clostridium prastia( OR=0.232, 95% CI: 0.063-0.851, P=0.028), and Prevotella copri( OR=0.222, 95% CI: 0.058-0.851, P=0.028), and the risk factor was Enterobacter( OR=5.119, 95% CI: 1.406-18.636, P=0.013). Conclusions:The decreases of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Prevotella copri and Enterobacter levels in the intestinal tract of PD patients, and the decrease of serum glutamate level may be correlated to the progression of PD.

Adult ; Altitude ; Chordoma ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Skull Base ; surgery ; Video-Assisted Surgery

Breast-contour preservation(BCP)encompasses all strategies to preserve the contour of the breast following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IBR). With the continuous advancement of breast surgery, postoperative outcomes and quality of life of breast cancer patients have been significantly improved. Previous studies reported on BCP as a new comprehensive parameter for evaluating outcomes of breast cancer treatment. Based on preoperative comprehensive evaluation of patients′ general condition, characteristic of breast tumor, and breast morphology, individualized surgical strategy is formulated to improve BCP for early-stage breast cancer and improve postoperative outcomes of patients. Combined with the morphological characteristics of Chinese women′s breasts, breast contour can be preserved not only by BCS and IBR, but also by nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy in some breast cancer patients, thereby reducing psychosomatic impact as a result of losing breast mound.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy of the arthroscopic Mender II stapler for the treatment of patients with meniscus anterior horn injury needing meniscal suture repair.

METHODSAmong 47 patients with meniscus anterior horn injury, 29 patients were male and 18 patients were female, ranging in age from 12 to 31 years old, with a mean age of (20.53± 4.12) years old. The duration of disease ranged from 3 to 35 days, and the average duration was (12.43±5.74) days. The Mender II stapler was used to carry out arthroscopic suture from outside to inside. The Lysholm knee scoring system was used to evaluate and analyze preoperative and postoperative symptoms, such as pain, limping embolism and so on.

RESULTSForty-six patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 48 months, with a mean of (20.53±4.12) years. The incision healed at the first stage without important vessels and nerves injuries. The symptoms of the locked knee joint disappeared, and symptoms such as pain, limp, swelling and limitation of activity improved. The Lysholm score increased from preoperative 52.33±7.31 to postoperative 86.74±6.92.

CONCLUSIONUsing Mender II stapler to treat patients with meniscus anterior horn injury who were treated with arthroscopic suture from outside to inside is effective to improve symptoms, and to obtain good short-term results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

Objective To explore the normal range of serum uric acid in quails.Method The data were collect-ed from male and female quails of different strains in 11 experiments, and analyzed by the way of medical reference value. Result The mean value of serum uric acid of male Difake strain quails was (221.06 ±79.59)μmol/L,and the normal range was (87.32 to 382.34)μmol/L.The mean value of serum uric acid of female Difake strain quails was (189.85 ± 68.58)μmol/L, and the normal range was ( 72.72 to 369.73 )μmol/L.The mean value of serum uric acid of male Longcheng strain quails was (217.22 ±72.91)μmol/L,and the normal range was (82.92 to 360.24)μmol/L.The mean value of serum uric acid of female Longcheng strain quails was ( 197.27 ±66.84 )μmol/L, and the normal range was (95.36 to 348.73)μmol/L.The serum uric acid value of female quails was significantly lower than that of male quails. There was no significant difference in the value of serum uric acid between female and male quails from each day-age groups.Conclusions This study has established the normal ranges for serum uric acid in quails of different strains and genders.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on expression of TGF-? in pulmonary fibroblasts (WI26 cells) and its application value.Methods Pulmonary fibroblasts were divided into control group,MMF group,TGF-? group,and MMF+TGF-? group,after routine culture.Expression of TGF-?-induced COL1A1 was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Expression of COL1 proteins was detected by Western blot analysis and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase assay,respectively.Difference in contractility of collagen fibers and migration of cells was observed in collagen matrix contraction test and cell scratch test.Results The expression level of COL1A1 mRNA was higher in MMF group than in control group 24 and 48 h after treatment with MMF (77.0%?2.9% vs 38.0%?3.7%),and was lower in MMF group than in control group 24 and 48 h after treatment with TGF-? and MMF+ TGF-? (134.0%?3.1% vs 189.0%?2.4%,and 95.0%?2.7% vs 71.0%?3.3%,P

Objective To study the current incidence of Keshan disease in Yunnan Province,and provide scientific basis for Keshan disease(KD) prevention and control. Methods Based on the Scheme of KD Surveillance, 16 villages in 11 counties were chosen as surveillance sites by the historical data. An survey was made to the residents in the 16 surveillance sites by filling in the questionnaire, inquiry medical history, clinical examination, electrocardiogram and 2 meters post-anterior chest X-ray for suspected cases. KD cases were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Keshan Disease(GB 17021-1997). The prevalence data of KD in the whole province were collected from the KD case report in 2007 and the trace surveys. Results There were 6877 residents in 16 surveillance sites of 11 surveillance counties and totally 39 KD cases were diagnosed with a detection ratio of 0.57% (39/6877). The detection ratio of latent and chronic KD were 0.41%(28/6877) and 0.16%(11/6877), respectively and no acute or subacute cases were found. The cases aged 5 to 14 years old accounting for 66.67% (26/39). Electrocardiogram examination of 6877 residents were made and 5.25% (361/6877) abnormal electrocardiograms were detected in the 16 surveillance sites. Fifty-five people were checked by chest X-ray and there were 31 cases with heart-chest ratio ≤0.50, 16 cases with heart-chest ratio from 0.51 to 0.55 and 8 cases with heart-chest ratio from 0.56 to 0.60. The prevalence rate and incidence rate of chronic KD were 4.24 per 100 000 and 0.50 per 100 000 in Yunnan. No acute or subacute cases were found and the latent cases were listed. The prevalence rate and incidence rate were 7.76 per 100 000 and 1.18 per 100 000 in the 16 surveillance sites. Conclusions The incidence of KD is low incidence in Yunnan Province. Higher ineidence of chronic KD was detected in the some areas and the corresponding control measures need to be adopted.

OBJECTIVETo test the different contrctile responses of extracellular nucleotides, such as ATP, UTP and nucleotide uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) in gastric longitudinal muscle (LM) and circular muscle (CM). Examined the effect of P2X and P2Y receptor antagonists (in this study, we used IP5I and suramin) and cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) on Up4A induced contractile responses in LM and CM.

METHODSThe rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were opened to gain LM and CM. Using organ bath system to assess contrctile responses of smooth muscle.

RESULTSUp4A could induce contractile responses in both CM and LM, which were similar with ATP and UTP. IP5 did not attenuate Up4A could induce contractions in both LM and CM, but suramin and indomethacin significantly inhibited Up4A contraction in CM, but not in LM.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that extracellular nucleosides and their inhibitors induce different responses between LM and CM.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dinucleoside Phosphates ; pharmacology ; Indomethacin ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Nucleotides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Suramin ; Uridine Triphosphate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the neglected hidden blood loss before and after operations in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures and strengthen the treatment and clinical nursing in the perioperative period in order to ensure clinical effects.

METHODSThe clinical data of 99 patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated with intramedullary nailing from January 2010 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed (47 males and 52 females). Forty-seven cases got blood transfusion supporting and 52 cases were not (blood transfusion group and no-blood transfusion group respectively). According to the Gross equation, the average hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were used to analyze blood loss in perioperative period and assess the patients' hidden blood loss situation.

RESULTSThere were 22 males and 30 females in blood transfusion group. The average operative time was (62.13±4.01) min; intraoperative visible blood loss and postoperative drainage were 215 ml, totally; preoperative Hb was (103.22±9.01) g/L and postoperative was (81.13±6.20) g/L; preoperative HCT was (96.93±3.38) I/L and postoperative was (308.00±11.81) I/L. There were 25 males and 22 females in no-blood transfusion group. The average operative time was (60.12±3.27) min; intraoperative visible blood loss and postoperative drainage were 196 ml, totally; the average blood transfusion were 621 ml; preoperative Hb was (92.15±5.46) g/L and preoperative was (95.20±8.93) g/L; preoperative HCT was (96.52±3.63) I/L and preoperative was (392.70±14.03) I/L. According to the Gross equation, the blood loss of no-blood transfusion group and blood transfusion group in peroperative period were (937.29±63.04) ml and (706.43±35.02) ml, respectively. The hidden blood loss was dominant. At 1, 3 months after operation, Harris score of blood transfusion group was better than that of no-blood transfusion group, and 12 months after operation, there was no significant difference between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe hidden blood loss of intramedullary nailing for intertrochanteric fracture should be emphasized in perioperative period, it can avoid the perioperative complications caused by anemia and affect the prognosis of patients.

Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Blood Transfusion ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Perioperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique and therapeutic effect of sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in treating sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to March 2014,6 patients with SCJ dislocation were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in our hospital. Among the 6 patients, 5 patients were male and 1 patient was female, and the average age was 34 years, ranging from 26 to 48 years. The course of the disease ranged from 3 to 20 days. All the SCJ dislocations were caused by external injury and accompanied with the symptoms of swelling pain and obvious shoulder joint activity restricted in affected side. All SCJ dislocations were anterior dislocation by the diagnosis of X-ray and CT scan. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood score.

RESULTSAll the patients' operative incision were healed well and in good appearance. X-ray showed that the dislocated SCJ was well reduced and the plate was on right position. All the 6 patients were followed up for 4 to 18 months, with an average of 12 months. The results were evaluated according to Rockwood score, 4 got excellent results, 1 good and 1 fair. No fixation loosening, redislocation or side injury such as vessel, nerve or pleura injury were found.

CONCLUSIONWith sternoclavicular hook plate fixation, SCJ dislocation could be reduced while keeping its amphiarthrodial function and the completeness of the cartilage surface. Sternoclavicular hook plate fixation has advantages of safety and stabilization in fixation, and patients can begin function exercises earlier.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sternoclavicular Joint ; injuries ; surgery