Anemia, Hemolytic ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; blood ; complications ; Intestinal Diseases ; blood ; complications ; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; blood ; complications ; Phytosterols ; adverse effects ; blood ; Thrombocytopenia ; etiology

Regulatory T cells play an important role in regulating immune responses.Recently,a novel immune Treg cell with phenotype TCRαβ + CD3 + CD4-CD8-NK1.1-was known as the Double-negative T cells (DNT).DNT cells are able to suppress CD4 + and CD8 + T cells,B cells as well as NK cells and dendritic cells(DCs) and play an important role in regulating immune responses in models of autoimmunity,infection,inflammatory disease,transplantation and tumor immunity.Now DNT cells have already become a hot point in the research of the immunotherapy.This article mainly introduces the possible sources of DNT cells and the mechanisms of their functions.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the progress of clinical application of implant during distraction osteogenesis in the jaw bones, and to evaluate its biocompatibility.METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI database from 1989 to 2009 in Chinese and Medline database from 1989 to 2009 in English with the key words of "jaw, distraction osteogenesis, treatment". A total of 56 articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 20 articles concerning treatment progress of distraction osteogenesis and clinical application of implant were included.RESULTS: Distraction osteogenesis implants contained intraoral or extraoral distraction device, which could be used for distraction of transport plate. A distraction was selected in accordance with patients' condition and requirement. Distraction osteogenesis had been an important manner for complicated tooth jaw facial deformity and jaw defect in oral dentofacial surgery and Orthodontic treatment. It could have effective osteogenesis in combination with various systemic therapy, local therapy and physical therapy. Presently, distraction osteogenesis implants were metal materials. Metal implants have great advantages in preventing bacterium growth, keeping implant fixation and distraction effects, and the price was high. However, the cost of Ni-Ti memory alloy wire was lower compared with common retractors. The fixing device and alloy wire closely adhered to the bone could be completely implanted into tissues, with the advantages of anti-infection and completely closing the exterior and interior wound. CONCLUSION: Distraction osteogenesis is a new method for treating dental and craniofacial hypodevelopment straightening of teeth and for repairing jaw bone defect deformation. Biocompatibility of metal implants was good such as internal small Ni-Ti memory alloy wire. The biocompatibility of other types of implants should be improved.

The bone morphogenetic protein(BMP),as a member of the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-?) family,plays a pivotal role in the formation,induction,maintenance and repair of the bone.The expression level of BMPs has a direct influence on the differentiation of mesenchymal osteoprogenitors and the regulation of osteoblastic features.Among BMPs,BMP-2 is the most widely studied and has the strongest activity in inducing bone formation.This article reviews the current advances in researches on BMP-2 for bone repair.

Objective To identify the risk factors for surgical site infections after operation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), so as to provide warning signs for preventing such incidents. Methods The data of 4042 LC patients from January 2003 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The risk factors for surgical site infections were identified among demographic data, preoperative patients′history, and operative data using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Surgical site infections after LC was seen in 7.2% (291/4042) of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified the following parameters as risk factors for surgical site infections: additional surgical procedure ( OR 4.011, 95%CI 2.149-7.486), age over 55 years (OR 2.398, 95%CI 1.777-3.235), conversion to open procedure (OR 2.647, 95%CI 1.935-3.621), postoperative hematoma (OR 1.910, 95%CI 1.192-3.060), duration of operation >60 min (OR 2.493, 95%CI 1.710-3.635), cystic stump insufficiency (OR 12.451, 95%CI 4.169-37.189), gallbladder perforation (OR 6.161, 95%CI 2.365-16.047), gallbladder empyema (OR 1.704, 95%CI 1.080-2.689), and surgical revision (OR 15.725, 95%CI 10.439-23.686). Surgical site infections were associated with a significantly prolonged hospital stay (P<0.01), higher postoperative mortality (P<0.01), and increased rate of surgical revision (P<0.01). Conclusions Additional surgical procedure is identified as a strong risk factor for surgical site infections after LC. Furthermore, operation time >60 min, age >55 years, conversion to open procedure, cystic stump insufficiency, postoperative hematoma, gallbladder perforation, gallbladder empyema, or surgical revision were identified as specific risk factors for surgical site infections after LC.

Objective To explore the methods of induced tolerance in rats renal allotransplantation and provide a theoretical basis for clinical use. Methods Orthotopic renal transplantation from Wistar rats to SD rats was used as a model of study. The experimental rats were divided into the following groups: Group Ⅰ as isotransplantation control group, Ⅱ as acute rejection control group, respectively. Group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were treated with aminoguanidine (AG), calcitriol and the combined use of calcitriol and AG, respectively. The survival time of recipients was observed, meanwhile, the donor specific mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and concentrations of IFN-?, Ca 2+ and P 3+ in serum were measured. HE staining inspected all specimens of kidney grafts. Results The recipient survival time in the groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were ( 9.1 ? 1.9 ),( 5.3 ? 0.8 ),( 9.7 ? 2.1 ),( 8.6 ? 1.6 )and( 12.9 ? 3.4 )days, respectively. There was significant difference in recipient survival time between group Ⅴ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P

Objective To compare the treatment effects of catheter directed thrombolysis and thrombetomy for acute ar?terial ischemia of the lower extremity. Methods Patients who visited Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from 2011 to 2013 and were attacked by acute ischemic disease of lower extremities within 3 days (n=66) were investigated. Thrombetomy and thrombolysis treatment had been performed to 32 cases and 34 cases respectively according to patients’ own willingness. Postoperative symptom remission rate, limb salvage rate, fatality rate, reperfusion injury rate (including re?nal inadequacy, heart failure, muscle fascia compartment syndrome), bleeding rate and limb dysfunction rate were compared between these two groups. Results There was no statistical difference on the rate of symptom remission (93.8% vs 94.1%), limb salvage(96.9%vs 100%), case fatality rate(3.1%vs 0), bleeding rate(0 vs 8.8%)and limb dysfunction rate (0 vs 5.9%)between these two groups. However, the incidence of reperfusion injury was higher in the group of thrombectomy (37.5%vs 2.9%, P<0.05)compared to that of the other group. Conclusion Similar effect of treatment and less reperfusion injury, especially renal injury, had been achieved by CDT compared with thrombetomy.

As small non-coding RNAs,microRNAs (miRNAs)have been recognized as important reg-ulatory factors in the post-transcription regulation network.Studies have shown that miR-133a and miR-133b, as members of miR-133 family,can regulate the expression of target genes such as epidermal growth factor receptor and oncogene.They regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase B signaling path-ways,which affect tumor cell proliferation,invasion and migration.MiR-133 plays a key role in the process of tumor development and progression,suggesting that it could be served as a new target for cancer treatment.

Coordinated care delivery is faced with various challenges to carry out in China,which are major decisions to make for decision makers,including how to push forward,how to deliver resources, services and patients to primary institutions,and how to ease the difficulties and affordability of seeing doctors.Based on analysis of roadblocks in coordinated care delivery in China,the authors provided near-term and long-term policy recommendations on the system,including how to build a scientific and reasonable healthcare delivery system,coordinated care delivery by stages,building incentives and constraint mechanisms,and enhancing public awareness and patient-doctor education.

Concept of coordinated care delivery is clearly defined,before a comparative analysis is made between such a concept and the integrated care delivery concept which is popular overseas and similar.On such basis,a theory framework is established for building and implementing such care delivery in line with the integrated theory of care delivery systems.Coordinated care delivery system now in place in China aims at rationally delivering medical resources,services and patients to primary institutions,by means of efficiently distributing resources and service systems and integrating care delivery flows,thus offering patients with cost effective and appropriate services and optimizing the care delivery system.