This paper expatiates the relationship between environmental quality of teachers and the environment education and interprets the environmental quality of teachers in colleges and universities as follows:one-sided understanding of environmental awareness,unenlightened teaching concepts,a lack of knowledge of the environment,limited teaching conditions and low environmental protection skills.The writer believes that strengthening the construction of teaching staff is the key to promoting environmental education in depth,and thus he raises some concrete measures and suggestions.

Objective To observe the effect of sequential selection catheter combined with anisodamine in neurology catheterization patients about urine leakage to seek a new care pathway.Methods 240 cases of hospitalized neurology patients with indwelling catheter for a long time were randomized.The control group received conventional fixed-size catheter.According to the individual patient situation,the observed patients choose smallest model applicable Foley catheter when the initial catheterization,and increase the model sequential in turn periodic replacement of the catheter.The patients with leakage of urine were given anisodamine 10mg intramuscular injection,observe urine leakage rate of patients.Results The urine leakage rate was 6.67％ in the observation group which was significantly lower than 20.83％ in the control group(x2 =10.15,P ＜ 0.05),the intramuscular anisodamine efficient was 32/33 (96.97％).Conclusion Sequential selection catheter can significantly reduce the occurrence of urinary leakage,for patients with leakage of urine,anisodamine intramuscular injection can effectively control the leakage of urine,thereby greatly reducing the patient's pain.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP),neuron specific enolization enzyme(NSE)and carcinoembryonicantigen(CEA)in small cell lung cancer(SCLC). Methods 471 patients with lung tumor from department of respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery and 162 healthy people from medical examination center were studied.Serum levels of ProGRP,NSE and CEA were detected by using electrochemi-cal luminescence method.ROC curves were drawn and the area under the curve (AUC)was calculated.Results The levels of ProGRP and NSE were significantly higher in patients with SCLC than those in NSCLC,lung benign disease group and normal control group (P <0.01).The levels of CEA were significantly higher in SCLC than those in patients with lung be-nign disease group and normal control group (P <0.05).The AUC of ProGRP,NSE and CEA in the diagnosis of SCLC were 0.933,0.777 and 0.554,respectively.The sensitivity of ProGRP,NSE and CEA in the diagnosis of SCLC were 82.6%,60.4%,41.6% and the specificity were 95.2%,83.3% and 71.7% respectively.The sensitivity of combined detec-tion of ProGRP,NSE and CEA was 91.3% and the specificity was 65.3%.Conclusion The serum ProGRP detection has a higher diagnostic value for SCLC.The combined detection of ProGRP,NSE and CEA is useful in the early diagnosis of SCLC.

Objective To compare the efficacy and predictability of sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK and two-zone cross-cylinder LASIK for the correction of moderate and high astigmatism.Design Prospective,comparative case series.Participants 40 eyes of 35 patients with mixed astigmatism undergoing LASIK.Methods All patients were treated with Visx Star IV LASIK system.20 eyes of 19 cases were used for sphere-cylinder combined LASIK mode and 20 eyes of 16 cases for two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode.All sub- jects were followed more than 6 months.Main Outcome Measures Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA),spherical diopter,residual astigmatism and corneal thickness.Results For the patients who received two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode,the UCVA at 6 months after surgery was 0.5 or above,and 13 eyes (65.0%) were 1.0 or above. For the patients who received sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode,the UCVA at 6 months after surgery was 0.5 or above,and 11 eyes (55.0%) was 1.0 or above (P=0.683).The residual astigmatism for the patients received sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode was (1.15?1.00)D,while for the patients received cross-cylinder LASIK mode was (1.13?0.62)D(P=0.045).The remotion depth of cornea for sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode and cross-cylinder LASIK mode was (36.73?13.12)?m and (15.60?6.85)?m,respectively (P= 0.031).Condusion The UCVA,residual astigmatism and corneal thickness after surgery in two-zone-cross-cylinder LASIK mode were better than that in sphere-cylinder-combined LASIK mode for the correction of moderate and high astigmatism.

Objective To investigate the current status and the related influencing factors of humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes in Guangzhou,for the future to carry out humanistic care education,and provide a reference for improving humanistic care quality of nurses.Methods 270 nurses from 8 department of aged homes in Guangzhou were investigated by convenience sampling and evaluation table on humanistic care quality of nurses.The affected factors were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.Results The aggregate score of humanistic care quality of nurses in this study was (113.59±9.78),which was lower than the reference score (118.36±16.75) of humanistic care quality of nurses of some general hospitals in Shanghai in 2010,offered by Liu Yuxiao,the designer of the evaluation table.The scores were correlated with 4 impact factors including home,politics status,care index of colleagues,whether to accept the education and training of humanistic care;multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that care index of colleagues and whether to accept the education and training of humanistic care were the main factors.Conclusions Humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes in Guangzhou was in lower level,and especially caring ability and the attitude towards caring.Department of aged homes should cooperate with universities,to establish a set of training courses on humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes.Through the systematic,standardized training,to improve humanistic care quality of nurses and the quality of nursing service.

Objective To compare the effect of transthoracic contrast echocardiography (cTTE) with transesophageal contrast echocardiography (cTEE) for detecting right to left shunt (RLS) in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods The prospective study was conducted in 29 consecutive patients with PFO who suffered from cryptogenic stroke and/or migraine. Contrast echocardiography was performed in all 29 patients. The cTTE was performed using transducer with second harmonic imaging modality (transmitting frequency 1.7 MHz, receiving frequency 3.4 MHz). The cTEE was performed using transducer with frequency 7 MHz. Ten milliliter saline solution of contrast were rapidly administrated through an antecubital vein. According to whether microbubble (MB) appearing in left atrium after complete opaciifcation of right atrium within the ifrst 3 circles, the results were classiifed by a four-level semi-quantitative categorization:Level 1 (no PFO-RSL), no MB in left atrium; Level 2 (small PFO-RSL) 1-10 MBs; Level 3 (medium PFO-RSL) 10-30 MBs;Level 4 (large PFO-RSL)>30 MBs. Results The total detection rate of PFO-RSL was signiifcant different between cTTE and cTEE (86.2%vs 55.2%,χ2=5.711, P=0.017). In cTTE there were 4 cases at level 1, 1 case at level 2, 5 cases at level 3 and 19 cases at level 4. In cTEE there were 13 cases at leverl 1, 2 cases at level 2, 6 cases at level 3 and 7 cases at level 4. The comparison of semi-quantitative grading derived from cTTE and cTEE was also signiifcant different (Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed Z=-3.789, P=0.000). Conclusions The efifciency in detection of PFO-RLS with cTTE was better than with cTEE. Compared with cTEE, cTTE was easier in practice and brought less discomfort and complications to patients.

Objective To explore the incidence of the right to left shunt (RLS) originated from patent foramen ovale (PFO) and/or pulmonary (PFO-RLS and/or P-RLS). Methods The transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) were performed in 42 consecutive healthy adults. An agitated saline solution was used as contrast agent. According to the time that microbubbles (MB) occurred in the left atrium within or beyond the ifrst 3 cardiac cycles after contrast appearance in the right atrium, the RLS was identiifed as PFO-RLS or P-RLS. The RLS were semi-quantitated and graded in a three-level categorization according to the number of MB appearanced in the left atrium in every single frame image:level 1 indicated ≤10 MB, namely mild RLS;level 2 indicated 11-30 MB, namely moderate RLS and level 3 indicated>30 MB, namely severe RLS. The reseach mainly focused on:(1) How many PFO and PFO-RLS existed in healthy adults? What was the size of PFO in healthy adults ? (2) Was there any P-RLS could be detected in healthy adults and what was the incidence of P-RLS ? (3) Was there any relationship between the RLS and Valsalva maneuver ? (4) The semi-quantitation and grading of the RLS originated from different sources. Results In 42 healthy adults, 13 cases (13/42, 30%) were diagnosed as PFO by TEE. The width of PFO was (1.46±0.18) mm (1-3 mm) and the length of PFO was (7.23±1.09) mm (4-14 mm). In 42 healthy adults, 30 cases (30/42, 71%) were diagnosed as RLS by cTTE. In 4 cases, the RLS were originated both from PFO and pulmanory, so ifnally there were 12 PFO-RLS (12/42, 29%) and 22 P-RLS (22/42, 52%). Most of PFO-RLS occurred during Valsalva maneuver, especially at the end of Valsalva maneuver, except 1 case in which PFO-RLS occurred at rest condition. Most of P-RLS occurred during rest condition (14) and few occurred after Valsalva maneuver (8). The incidence of PFO-RLS was lower than that of P-RLS. The difference between the two incidences was signiifcant (χ2=4.941, P=0.026). The diagnose for PFO was consistent in 11 cases between TEE and cTTE. But 2 cases were only diagnosed as PFO by TEE and 1 case were only diagnosed as PFO-RLS by cTTE. The semi-quantiifcation grading of RLS was signiifcant different between PFO-RLS and P-RLS (Z=-3.901, P=0.000). In 12 PFO-RLS, there were 6 cases in level 2 and 6 cases in level 3. In 22 P-RLS, there were 11 cases in level 1, 10 cases in level 2 and 1 case in level 3. Conclusions In healthy adults, PFO with a small amount RLS is common and its incidence is about a quarter. The detecting of PFO-RLS must be supplemented by a valsalva maneuve. In healthy adults, the P-RLS is also common and its semi-quantiifcation grading is lower than that of the PFO-RLS. The incidence, detecting inlfuence factor and the clinical signiifcant of the P-RLS are still not very clear and need more study.

Objective Through the investigations of university students’and middle school students’ grasping situation of wetland elementary knowledge and their attitude toward wetland protection,the situation in propaganda and education of wetland protection and the congnition of wetland function,to identify some problems and to adopt the corresponding measures. Methods Using the stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 480 students of two urban and rural middle school and two universities. Results There were significant differences on the farmiliar degree to basic concepts of wetland protection,the methods of acquiring wetland knowledge and the understanding of wetland function among the urban and rural middle school students, arts and science university students. Conclusions The study subjects have many shortages in the consciousness and knowledge of wetland protection, and the special propaganda and education of the wetland protection should be carried out.

With the reform of means and methods of teaching,experimental teaching and the establishment of training bases of environmental hygiene,a survey of teaching effects and demands among the students of preventive medicine was conducted through questionnaire,in order to explore the appropriate way for environmental education.

Purpose The glucosamine and chondroitin compound tablets were prepared. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of glucosamine and chondrotin compound tablets were investigated. Methods The proportion of glucosamine and chondroitin was 5:4 to prepare compound tablets. The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated with carrageen-induced rats paw edema and cotton granuloma in rats. The analgesic effect was investigated using the pain models of mice which were induced by 0.6% acetic acid. Results Compared with control group the degree of paw edema in the low, middle and high dose group was decreased ( P < 0.05). Fourtreatment groups compared with control group respectively at the weight of granuloma were also markedly reduced ( P < 0.05) and the writhing number of mice induced by acetic acid was decreased ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion glucosamine and chondroitin compound tablets have anti-inflammatory effect and analgesic effect on models induced by acetic acid.