Objective To identify the status of Turki human remain and its relation to Khitan nobles by the means of molecular biology.Methods MtDNA was successfully extracted from Turki human remain.Through four overlapping primers,the nucleotide sequence of 360 bp length was gotten.Then it was contrasted with the cambridge reference sequence(CRS),and the sequence was analyzed with that of Khitan nobles basing the methods of phylogenetics.Results The result showed that Turki had closest relationship with Qidan noble individuals.And it was closer with Yeluyuzhi′s family in the two Qidan noble families.It was proved that Turki was the noble of Khitan.Besides,it showed that Turki had closest relationship with modern out Mongolia contrasted with the reported populations.And the 5 mutation sites of Turki were all hot mutation sites of Mongolian.(Conclusion Turki) is north Mongolian.

?-endorphin (?-END) receptors on peritoneal M?s of mice and rats were investigated by radiotigand binding assay. The results have shown that there were no specific bindings on both murine and rat' s M?s. Murin M?s activited by macrophage activating factor (MAF) did not express ?-END receptor. Neither the filtration nor the gradient centrifugation method for separating the bound Iodinelabled ligand from the free ones would affect these results. These results suggest that the modulation of ?-END on M? functions might be evoked by means of alternative other than receptor mechanisms.

Afferent connections to the nucleus tegmenti dorsalis were studied by means of retrograde axonal transport method of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was depositted stereotaxically via three approaches: vertical, oblique through the cerebellum or oblique through the cerebrum. The serial sections were treated by 3,3'-diamino-benzidine, benzidine dihydrochloride, diaminobenzidine-cobalt dichloride or tetrame-thylbenzidine respectively.Labeled neurons were observed in following nuclei: nucleus lateralis habenulae,nucleus interpeduncularis, nucleus mammillaris lateralis, nucleus posterior hypothalami, nucleus lateralis hypothalami, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, nucleus dorsalis raphes, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, nucleus parafascicularis and nucleus of Darkschewitsch.Then HRP was introduced into nucleus parafascicularis or nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, labeled terminals were also observed within the nucleus tegmenti dorselis.

Objective To develop a lossless compression algorithm applied on the MCU.Methods Direct difference data compression and 2-4-8 three-word-length coding data compression based on the first order difference were developed.Statistics on the results of the first order difference of ECG data in the MIT_BIH ECG database resulted in an optimal three-word-length code table.Results Direct difference data compression ratio was lower than 2,and three-word-length data compression ratio was around 3.Conclusion There are both advantages and disadvantages in two types of lossless data compression,but three-word-length data compression is superior to direct difference data compression.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):24-27]

T-DM1 is a novel antibody-drug conjugate that has similar biological activity with that of trastuzumab. T-DM1 specifically delivers DM1, the effective anti-microtubule drug, into the cytoplasm of tumor cells with HER2 overexpression. The efficacy of T-DM1 monotherapy is better than lapatinib in combination with capecitabine and T-DM and is expected to become the standard second-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer drugs. Clinical trials that compare T-DM1 with trastuzumab joint taxane as the first-line of treatment for advanced breast cancer trials are currently being performed. T-DM1 is a brand new anti-HER2 drug after trastuzumab. U.S. FDA already approved T-DM1 as a drug for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of subsection partial posterior internal sphincterotomy and posterior in-ternal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure .Methods 64 cases with stage Ⅱ ,Ⅲ anal fissure were randomly divided into treat-ment group and control group ,treatment group of 31 cases of subsection partial posterior internal sphincterotomy ,33 patients in the control group after posterior internal sphincterotomy ,two groups of cases after 24 hours of operation ,complications ,curative effect of postoperative recurrence comparative analysis of rate ,healing time ,postoperative complications in 3 months .Results In the treatment group ,the cure rate was 90 .32% ,in the control group ,the cure rate was 90 .9% ,compared with no significant difference between the two groups ;the two groups had no recurrence in two cases ;24 hours after operation complications ,healing time ,post-operative complications in 3 months ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion subsection partial posterior internal sphincterotomy in treatment of chronic anal fissure with faster postoperative recovery and fewer complications .

Spinal cord injury can lead to neurogenic bowel dysfunction. With the research of the enteric nervous system, slow transit constipation had a better understanding of the pathogenesis. This article reviewed gastrointestinal motility after spinal cord injury and motilin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana specially grown in Taiwan, China. Methods: The compounds were isolated by repeated HP20 macroporous adsorption resin column combined with Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison of their spectral data reported. Results: Twelve compounds were identified as resveratrol (1), trans-ε-viniferin (2), (7R, 8R)-threo-4, 7, 9, 9'-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (7S, 8R)-urolignoside (4), schizandriside (5), vitisin A (6), vitisin B (7), davidiol A (8), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), ampelopsin C (10), (7R, 8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), and epicatechin (12). Conclusion: Compounds 3-5 are separated from the plants of Vitis L. for the first time, and compounds 8, 9, 11, and 12 are separated from V. thunbergii var. taiwaniana for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the effect of colloidal solution infusion on cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were divided into a vasospasm group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 18) according to whether they had cerebral vasospasm or not. After evaluating the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery with Xe-CT, the colloidal solution (succinylated gelatin, 4 mL/kg) was injected intravenously in the patients of the vasospasm group within 30 minutes. Xe-CT was performed again, and the changes of rCBF before and after the colloidal solution expansion were compared. The changes of blood pressure, heart rate, and central venous pressure before and after infusion were documented. Results: Circled digit oneThe rCBF of bilateral anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery was more than 30 mL·100 g-1·min -1 in the control group. The rCBF was lower than 30 mL·100 g-1·min-1at least in 1 blood supplied region in the vasospasm group (72 blood supply regions altogether) , in which CBF were lower than 25 mL·100 g-1·min-1 in 7 blood supplied regions. Circled digit twoBefore and after the expansion, there were no significant differences among the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and central venous pressure in the vasospasm group (P >0.05). Circled digit threeOf the 65 vessels with rCBF >25 mL·100 g-1·min-1 there were no significant differences in rCBF before and after the expansion (P = 0.272) ; of the 7 vessels with rCBF ≤ 25 mL·100 g-1·min-1, the rCBF increased from 20 ± 3 mL·100 g-1·min-1to 34 ± 6 mL·100 g-1·min-1. There were significant differences (P <0.01). Circled digit oneOne year follow-up after the procedure, there was no significant difference in GOS score between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Colloidal solution expansion may increase the rCBF of the ischemic regions in patients with cerebral vasospasm and help to improve the prognosis of the patients.

Abstract?AIM: To characterize the effects of sodium iodate on mouse retinal morphology and function.?METHODS: Sodium iodate at 35mg/kg ( body weight) was administered by tail vein injection into adult 6-8wk C57BL/6J mice. Morphological and functional changes of the retina were assessed at 6h, 1, 3, 5 and 8d after injections by fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ERG and histology. Mice in control group were give tail vein injection of equivalent dose of normal saline. All the eyeballs were removed for paraffin section and H-E staining.?RESULTS: The fundus photographs images at 6h after injection showed obvious changes, which were light red in retina and showed retinal blood vessels radial arranged. At 6h after injection, off-white drusen-like change was found at fundus. While there were no observable changes in OCT image and ERG. At 1d after injection, the fundus lesion aggravated and the drusen increased gradually. There were retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE) disorders, photoreceptors and outer nuclear layer (ONL) damage through OCT. At 3d after injection, the retina lesion aggravated further and the retina became edema. At 5d after injection, the retina edema cleared away, the optic nerve became white and the fundus lesions increased. At 8d after injection, the RPE layer, photoreceptors and ONL were destroyed obviously. In the process, ERG showed the amplitudes of a- and b-wave decreased in a time-dependent manner. H-E staining showed that cells in retina of mice in control group were neatly arranged and well- distributed. The outer layer retina of sodium iodate injection group was wave-like, the normal structure of RPE disappeared and black round sediment could be seen which increased with time. At 8d after injection, there were any normal RPE.?CONCLUSION: The tail vein injection of sodium iodate can well simulate the pathogenesis of age - related macular degeneration which can provide a good animal model for AMD.