OBJECTIVE: To put forward proposals for improving essential medicines system in China.METHODS: The problems existing in the essential medicine system in China and the successful experience of some other countries were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Considering the current medical economy level and the capacity on research & development(R&D) of drugs,China should draw inspiration from WHO and other developed countries about their successful experiences on essential drugs to improve the screening methods for essential medicines list,assign legal status for essential medicines and build up system of production,procurement and distribution of essential medicines according to the basic national situation of our country and finally establish the essential medicine system suitable to our country's condition.

Objective To explore the relationship between Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) receptor gene,catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) receptor gene,dopamine D3 receptor(DRD3) gene and 5-HT2C receptor gene(5-HT2c) of Han population in northern China and obsessive compulsive disorder.Methods Polymerase chain reaction amplification determination of MAOA-T1460C,COMT-Val158Met,DRD3-Ser9Gly,5-HT2c-C ys23Ser four loci receptor gene polymorphism in 164 patients with OCD patients including 103 core pedigrees of fragment length polymorphism,and association and linkage disequilibrium (TDT)analysis.Results There was no significant difference of MAOA-T1460C,COMT-Val158Met,DRD3-Ser9Gly,5-HT2c-Cys23Ser four receptor gene in the patient group and the control group of genotype and allele distribution difference(P＞0.05),four receptor gene loci were in accordance with the balance of the H-W,the MAOA-T1460C receptor gene in female patients group and control group,the early group and control group,which has forced thinking and difference of compulsive behavior group and the control group,only the obsessional group and the control group of genotype and allele distribution was statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the family group between chain(P=0.0001) ;5-HT2c-Cys23Ser receptor gene in the case group and the control group,male both forced thinking and compulsive behavior group and control group differences in genotype and allele distribution was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05),and between family groups exist chain (P=0.0389) ; COMT-Val158Met receptor gene in the control experiments were no significant difference(P＞0.05),and with the house group does not exist between the chain (P=0.0622) ;DRD3-Ser9Gly receptor gene in the control experiments were no significant difference(P＞0.05),and with the family groups there is no chain(P=0.1101).Conclusion MAOA-T1460C receptor gene polymorphism and 5-HT2c-Cys23Ser receptor gene polymorphisms may be the susceptible gene of obsessive compulsive disorder.

microRNAs (miRNAs)are endogenous non-coding RNAs,which play important roles in the regulation of gene terms.miRNAs affect almost every physiological process of the body,and many diseases are related to the disorders of miRNAs.Current studies show that the abnormal expressions of miRNAs are closely relate to the tumorigenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.So miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the gastric cancer.

Objective To study the value of St George's respiratory questionaire(SGRQ)in evaluating the life quality of community patients with COPD.Methods The SGRQ score,PEF% were collected from 35 patient with COPD.Paired t test was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of SGRQ to changes of disease severity.Correla- tion coefficients were calculated to evaluate the validity.Results Three parts of the SGRQ score and the total score were significantly correlated with the changes of SGRQ(P＜0.001),SGRQ was more sensitive than PEF in evalu- ating the changes of disease severity.The three part of the scale and the total scale were significantly correlated with PEF%.Conclusion SGRQ is a valid,sensitive and feasible method in measuring the quality of life in community patients with COPD.

Adrenal Gland Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To investigate the infusion methods of postoperative enteral nutrition in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:86 patients with gastric cancer received radical operationin our hospital from January 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled for the study and randomly divided into continuous infusion group and periodic infusion group,each group with 43 cases.Patients in continuous infusion group were given postoperative continuous enteral nutrition for 24 h in one day,while cases in periodic infusion group were given postoperative continuous enteral nutrition for 15-17 h in one day.Results of enteral nutrition,physical indicators including upper arm skinfold,diameter of midpoint of upper arm and grip strength,nutritional indexes including total protein (TP),hemoglobin (Hb),albumin (AIb),prealbumin (PA) and transferrin(TF),immune indicators including immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M (IgM),immunoglobulin A (IgA),CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+were compared between two groups before and after operation.Results:Intolerance of enteral nutrition occurred in 1 case(2.3％) of continuous infusion group and 3 cases(7.0％) of periodic infusiongroup,and there was no significant difference between them (P＞0.05).Time of transition to full enteral nutrition and taking off the tube to self-feeding incontinuous infusion group were significantly smaller than that in periodic infusion group (P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in baseline data,physical indicators,nutritional indexes and immune indicators between them before operation (P＞0.05).PA level at 5 d,10 d after operation in continuous infusion group were significantly higher than that in periodic infusion group (P＜0.05),and there were no significant difference in physical indicators,other nutritional indexes and immune indicators between them after operation(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Compared with periodic infusion,continuous infusion method could shorten the time of transition to full enteral nutrition and taking off the tube to self-feeding in patients after radical operation of gastric cancer,and had more significant effect of improvement of nutritional status,worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the antitumor effect of flavopiridol in ovarian cancer. Methods After the treatment with flavopiridol of AO cells,cell apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow eytometer and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling(TUNEL).Real time PCR was used to detect the expression of cyclin D and active caspase-3 in AO cells.Subcutaneous tumor models and abdominally spread tumor models of human ovarian carcinoma using AO ceils in BALB/c nude mice were established.The mouse survival rates were measured for abdominally spread tumor models and the volume of tumor nodules was determined for subcutaneous tumor models following the treatments of flavopiridol.TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis,and immunohistochemistry was used to measure microvessel density(MVD)in tumor tissues. Results AO cells showed apoptotic rates of 4.1%,10.7% and 7.6% following the treatments with flavopiridol at 150,300 and 500 nmol/L respectively,accompanied by an increase in G_1 progression and a decrease in S phase progression.The level of active caspase-3 increased(2.55 vs 2.49)and the level of cyclin D expression decreased significantly(0.25 vs 0.69,P

Objective:To explore the feasibility and validity of tubo-tymanoaerodynamic graphy(TTAG)determinating the Eustachian tube function of health adult group.Mthod:The ventilation function of Eustachian tube was measured by the TTAG method in health adlut group(132 ears),the results and the graphs were also analyzed.Reslut:The positive rate in health adult group using Valsalva method was 93.93%(124/132).The positive ears were divided into typeⅠand typeⅡ, the mean value of nasopharynx press of type Ⅰand Ⅱ has no significant differences(P>0.05),but the mean value of external auditory canal press had significant differences(P<0.01).Conclusion:TTAG meathod has the clinical value in determinating the states of Eustachian tube function of health group.

Objective: To observe the effects of Chinese nutgalls ex tr acts on the secretion of IL-6 from monocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS ) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Methods:Monocytes ob tained by separating human blood cells were stimulated with LPS of Pg at 25 ?g/ml, radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to examine the effect of Chinese nutgal ls extracts at the concentrations of 6.25-100 ?g/ml on the secretion of IL-6 in the supernatant of the cell culture. Results:Chinese nutgalls extracts at the concentrations(?g/ml) of 6.25,12.50, 25.00 ,50.00 and 100.00 inhibited IL-6 secretion from monocytes by(%) 34.6,46.4,48.5,52.7 and 54.9 res pectively.Conclusions:Extracts from Chinese nutgalls may inhibit the secretion of IL-6 from monocyte induced by LPS of Pg in a dose-depend ent manner.

Objective To repair the experimental femoral head necrosis with the implantation of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) loaded with human bone morphogenetic protein-2(hBMP-2) gene transfected bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Methods Established the animal models of femoral head necrosis in 22 goats by the ligation of the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries and delivery of liquid nitrogen into femoral head. 4 goats served as the control group without any treatment. 3 weeks after surgery, necrotic bone in the other 18 goats were removed and TCP loaded gene transfer cells were implanted into the femoral head with BMP-2 gene transfected BMSCs in right side and ?-gal gene transfected BMSCs in left side. BMP-2 concentrations in femoral head were tested by the ELISA at 1st, 2nd, 3rd week after implantation. Histological observation was done before and at 6th, 10th, 16th week after implantation. New bone volumes (NBV) were measured at 16th week after implantation by the histomorphometry method. X-ray was taken at 16th week after operation in untreated group and after treatment in BMP-2 group and ?-gal group. Results The concentration of BMP-2 in femoral head of BMP-2 group was higher than that of ?-gal group at different time point. Empty lacunae and fibrotic marrow were demonstrated before implantation. New bone was evident in the implantation field of BMP-2 group while fibrous tissues were evident in that of ?-gal group at 6th, 10th and 16th week after treatment. Histomorphology analysis indicated that the NBV in BMP-2 group was significantly higher than that in ?-gal group. Articular surface collapse were observed in the X-ray photograph of untreated group. Regular shape and normal density of femoral head in BMP-2 group compared with the irregular shape and low density of femoral head in ?-gal group could be demonstrated in the X-ray photograph 16 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Implantation of the TCP loaded with human BMP-2 gene transfected BMSCs could repair early-stage experimental femoral head necrosis.