Objective: To investigate the cultural and psychological adaptation of business expatriates in the Chinese mainland. Methods: The questionnaires included sociocultural adaptation questionnaire and psychological adaptation questionnaire. Results: The construct of sociocultural adaptation could be divided into three dimensions: living conditions, interaction and communication, and cognition and value system. The sociocultural adaptation pattern showed a double-U-curve and the psychological adaptation pattern showed a decreasing tendency by time. There was no significant discrepancy in sociocultural adaptation across cultural distance. Conclusion: The cultural and psychological adaptation is difficult for business expatriates in China. The reasons perhaps include insufficient cultural training and improper training time.

Bacteriophage is a kind of virus depending on bacterium,named bacterial virus,and it can multiply in bacterium.There're six types of Chlamydiophage discovered which are Chp1,Chp2,Chp3,Chp4,CPAR39 and PhiCPG1.Capsid proteins Vp1,Vp2 and Vp3 are three major structural proteins of Chlamydiophage.The study of Chlamydiophage will play great action on chlamydia infection therapy.

Child ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic

Objective To explain the effects of C-reactive protein(CRP) on lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression on THP-1 derived macrophages and the related signal transduction pathways.MethodsTHP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages with the stimulation of PMA.THP-1 derived macrophages were incubated with CRP and co-incubated with inhibitors of NF-?B、AP-1 and MARK signal transduction pathways.The expression of LOX-1 antigen and mRNA was analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR.Results CRP stimulated the expression of LOX-1 antigen and mRNA on macrophages in a dose-dependent manner.NF-?B inhibitor BAY11-7085 suppressed the inducible effects of CRP on LOX-1 expression.Conclusion CRP increased LOX-1 expression on THP-1 derived macrophages at transcription and post-transcription levels.The NF-?B signal transduction pathway may be involved in such process.

Acinetobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Anthracosis ; microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Fosfomycin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology

This article introduced the development and application effect appraisal of Microbial Engineering CAI courseware for bio-engineering specialization. The courseware focuses on knowledge system integrity, content-rich and gives prominence to the key points. Pictures, animation and video, and audio effects are also utilized appropriately to achieving stimulate students interest in learning and then improve teaching and learning performance. The courseware concentrates on core content of the course, such as fermentation parameters detection and automatic control, and fermentation equipments. The courseware was manufactured using the Powerpoint software. Animation was established with Flash 4 software and the scanning pattern was edited using Adobe photoshop. And chapters of the courseware were composed and administrated using Courseware Master Software. A two-year survey showed that 85% of students satisfied with this courseware.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate off-indication use of oral chemical drugs medical orders by the standards of CFDA and FDA,and to compare the differences between the two standards,analyze reasons and rationality of drug use,so as to pro-vide reference for establishing off-indications use management system. METHODS:The oral chemical drugs medical orders of inpatients were analyzed statistically during Jan.-Jun. 2016. Off-label uses was judged according to the standards of CFDA and FDA. RESULTS:Totally 507 oral chemical drugs medical orders were collected,the percentage of off-indications use were in high level,being 58.58% and 55.82% respectively by the standards of CFDA and FDA. The incidence of off-indication use of quetiapine and aripiprazole by the CFDA standards were significantly higher than the results of FDA standards,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Magnesium valproate(54.03%),escitalopram oxalate(10.45%)and quetiapine(10.15%)occupied the top 3 places in the list of constituent ratio. Among off-indication medical orders,7 orders had no evidence-based medicine,ac-counting for 2.36% of total. CONCLUSIONS:Most off-indication medical orders of our hospital could provide the basis and lit-erature support,while there are still a few off-indication use with insufficient evidence. The corresponding management system of the hospital should be formulated to guarantee the medication safety of the patients and legitimate rights and interests of the doctors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.

METHODThe model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTJDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.

CONCLUSIONJiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Evans Blue ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Injections ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Permeability ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the relation between Pi deficiency syndrome (PDS) and the configuration and functions of extensor digitorum longus (EDL)and soleus (SOL).

METHODSTotally 36 ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups according to weight matching principle, the control group, the exhausted group, and the rhubarb group, 12 in each group. Two PDS models were established by either purgation with rhubarb diarrhea (as Group A) or exhausted swimming plus sleep deprivation (as Group B).The cross sectional area (CSA) of type I and II fibers of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL), relative proportions of type I and II fibers were measured by m-ATPase histochemical method. The isotonic contraction and the maximum tetanus contraction of EDL and SOL were detected by PowerLab system.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the body weight, body temperature, and the general health condition of PDS model rats obviously decreased; the spleen index and the thymus index were also lower; the maximal isotonic contraction and the maximum tetanus contraction obviously decreased; the cross section areas of EDL and SOL were reduced with loosely arranged cells. In EDL, the proportion of type I fibers was added and the proportion of type II fibers was lowered. In SOL, there was no change in the proportion of type I and type II fibers.

CONCLUSIONSEDL and SOL were obviously atrophied in the two PDS model mice. The type I fibers of SOL was more significantly atrophied in Group B.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiopathology ; Rats

Objective To compare the infectivity between laboratory adapted human inununodefi- ciency virus(HIV-1) and primary HIV-1 isolates for different mucosal epithelial cell lines. Methods Mu-cosal epithelial cells Caco-2, T-84, HeLa and lymphocyte MT-4 were infected with laboratory adapted HIV-1 SF33 and 2 primary HIV-1 isolates (02010561, 02010141). Culture supernatant and cells were collected respectively on 3-4 days interval after virus inoculation. The former was tested for HIV-1 antigen P24 level and viral load, and the latter was tested for total viral DNA and integrated viral DNA. Results All 3 virus strains could infect MT-4 cells and integrate into their genome. Only HIV-1 SF33 could infect Caco-2 cells but could not integrate into their genomic DNA. Both HIV-1 SF33 and 02010561 infected HeLa cells but only integration of HIV-1 SF33 was detected. All the 3 HIV-1 strains infected T-84 cells but only the integra-tion of HIV-1 SF33 and 02010141 was observed. Conclusion Although laboratory adapted and primary HIV-1 strains are able to infect human mucosal epithelial cell lines, transient or productive infection estab-lished in different mucosal epithelial cells is dependent on the character of cells and virus strains.