0.05).In 28 days before and after treatment,there was significant difference in H-B grade between two groups (P

AIM: To retrospectively analyze the effect of different surgical treatment on intraocular foreign bodies, according to different types and position.
METHODS: Clinical data of 46 cases diagnosed with intraocular foreign bodies from June 2010 to April 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS:Intraocular foreign bodies in anterior segment could be removed or magnetically attracted directly, intraocular foreign bodies in posterior segment could be attracted if there was accurate location. Vitrectomis was more favorable for the non magnetic or intraocular foreign bodies in posterior segment. In 46 cases, all intraocular foreign bodies ( 100%) in posterior segment were removed successfully. Among them the functional cure in 33 cases ( 72%) , the anatomical cure in 12 cases ( 26%) , discharged in 1 case (2%).
CONCLUSION:The aim of operation is to reconstruct of eyeball structure preserve and restore visual function. We should find more appropriate mode of operation and timing of surgery according to the foreign bodies'different types and injury of eyeball, reduce complications, preservation eyeball and improve visual function.

Mammal multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) play an important role in the transport of organic cations in the body. MATEs mediate the final excretion step for multiple organic cation drug used clinically and important endogenous substances. This article reviews the discovery, type, gene coding and polymorphism, body distribution, classification of substrates and inhibitors and their research method of MATEs. The article also discusses the major research significance of MATEs with examples.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cations ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of manipulative reduction combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) using meta-analysis method, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

METHODSA systematic computer-based search (from January 1987 to April 2014) from CNKI, Wanfang database, Web of Science and PubMed were performed for the collection of controlled clinical researches on manipulative reduction combined with PVP or PKP in treating OVCF. The quality of selected researches was evaluated. Meta-analysis was adopted to evaluate visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra.

RESULTSA total of 7 researches of 410 patients were included in the present analysis, there were 5 RCTs and 2 non-RCTs and all come from China. Manipulative reduction combined with PVP could got better improvement in Cobb angle (WMD=-7.35; 95%CI: -12.15, -2.54) and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra (P<0.01) than simple PVP, but no significant difference was found in improvement of visual analog scale (WMD=-0.01; 95%CI: -0.45, 0.42). There were no significant differences in the improvement of visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra between manipulative reduction combined with PKP and simple PKP (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with simple PVP, manipulative reduction combined with PVP may result in more clinical efficacy on the improvement of Cobb angle and anterior ratio of the injured vertebra. And compared with simple PKP, manipulative reduction combined with PKP has no obvious advantages on the improvement of visual analog scale, Cobb angle, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra. However, the number and quality of the literatures, may resulted in the effect of mistrust, so more large sample and high-quality RCTs are needed in future.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Fractures, Compression ; therapy ; Humans ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; therapy ; Spinal Fractures ; therapy

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) aims to efficiently generate collections of small molecules with diverse appendages, functional groups, stereochemistry and skeletons, thus yielding diverse biological activities capable of modulating a wide variety of biological processes. In this review, we discussed the common strategies employed in DOS with specific examples from recent literature, including reagent-based approach, substrate-based approach, build-couple-pair strategy and privileged substructure-based DOS. The application of some DOS libraries in drug discovery is also presented.
Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; Small Molecule Libraries

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK), a mechanistic mathematic model, which can simulate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, is being more widely used in pharmaceutical research and development areas. This article reviews primarily the recent advances in the procedure of establishing a PBPK model, including specifying of the PBPK model structure, specification of the tissue model, writing of equations, set of model parameters, simulation and evaluation. Application significance, major challenges and future developments of PBPK model in pharmaceutical areas are also discussed.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Software ; Tissue Distribution

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of monoterpenes in the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides. Methods: Various column chromatographies were used in the isolation and purification, and the physicochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to identify the chemical structures of monoterpenes. Results: Twelve monoterpenes were isolated from G. jasminoides, such as jasminoside B (1), jasminoside G (2), jasminodiol (3), crocusatin-C (4), (7S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 1, 5-trimethylcyclohex-3-enone (5), bornyl-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (10R, 11R)-gardendiol (7), (10S, 11S)-gardendiol (8), (5S, 9S)-gardenate A (9), (5R, 9R)-gardenate A (10), jasminoside E (11), and 5, 6-dihydroxymethyl-1, 1-dimethylcyclohex-4-enone (12). Conclusion: Compounds 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 are first isolated from this plant.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of different hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the clinical laboratory examination outcomes and pathological characteristics of CHB and HCC by infection with different HBV genotypes. Methods: Totally 89 patients with CHB and 86 patients with HCC were randomly chosen for this study. HBV genotypes were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) combined with double immunofluorescence staining TaqMan MGB probes. The general information and the laboratory and pathological data of patients were obtained by reviewing of the clinical documentation of patients. Statistical software SPSS10.0 was used to for statistical analyses. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: HBV B was dominant in the CHB patients in our group, accounting for 78.65%; the mixed B and C type accounted for 3.37%. HCC patients in our group were dominated by C type (70.93%). There were no other genotypes other than B and C in our group, and there was significant different between their frequency in our group (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the clinical experimental and pathological parameters in CHB patients with different HBV subtypes. In HCC patients, those with genotype C had higher positive rate of HBV e antigen than those with genotype B(P<0.05). HCC patients infected with HBV genotype B had larger turner size (P<0.05). No associations were found between HBV genotypes with TNM stage, vascular invasion, or metastasis. Conclusion: Patients with CHB are dominantly infected with genotype B in our group. HBV genotype C and positive HBV e antigen are risk factors of HCC. Antiviral therapy and promoting e antigen seroconversion may reduce the incidence of HCC. HBV genotype B might be associated with larger tumor size.

Enteric nervous system consists of myenteric and submucous plexuses. Myenteric plexus mainly innervates the enteric motion; submucous plexus modulates the gastrointestinal secretion and local blood flow. P2 (ATP) receptors exist in both of the above plexuses and play an important role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article reviews the distribution, function and pharmacological characteristics of different P2 receptors, in an effort to provide new evidence for studying the role of P2 receptors in the diagnosis and therapy of enteric diseases.

Objective To investigate the significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching in highly sensitized recipients of renal transplantation. Methods 18 highly sensitized recipients preexisting panel reactive antibody IgG (PRA IgG) and their specificities were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with lambda antigen tray (LAT and LATM). Donors and recipients HLA class I typing was performed using complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) test with special monoclonal tray (SMT) and HLA class II gene typing by micro sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction (Micro PCR SSP). Results PRA IgG positive rate in 18 highly sensitized recipients was between 40%～96% with an average of 56%, patients with 0～1 or 2～3 mismatch (MM) of HLA A,B,DR antigen were 28%(5/18) and 72% (13/18) respectively according to the standard of conventional HLA antigen matching.Whereas cases with 0～1 or 2～3 MM of HLA crossreactive antigen groups (CREGs) were 11 (61%) and 7 (39%) respectively by the rule of CREGs matching and the cases with 0～1 MM increased 33%. Only 4 (22%) cases of posttransplantation developed acute rejection and was reversed by OKT 3 treatment. Conclusions The allocation based on CREGs matching should result in a significantly higher percentage of well matched between donors and recipients. Good HLA matching plays an important role in reducing the incidence of acute rejection and in improving the survival of grafts.