Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Suppuration ; diagnosis ; Tonsillitis ; diagnosis

Child ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic

Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male

Bronchi ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Bronchial Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Bronchoscopy ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Trachea ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; pathology

Objective To compare open versus closed reduction in treatment of children with displaced femoral neck fracture whose reduction is delayed by more than 24 hours.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 51 children who had been treated at our department for femoral neck fracture between May 2005 and May 2012 after their reduction had been delayed for more than 24 hours.They were 37 boys and 14 girls,1.7 to 15.5 years of age (average,9.1 years).According to Delbet's classification,27 cases belonged to type Ⅱ,18 to type Ⅲ,and 6 to type Ⅳ.Of them,18 underwent closed reduction and 33 open reduction.Their complications were recorded in detail.Their therapeutic results were evaluated according to Ratliff's criteria and compared between the 2 methods of reduction.Results The 51 children were followed up for an average of 36.7 months (range,from 17 to 61 months).Anatomic reduction was achieved in 6 cases in the closed reduction group (33.3％) and 29 cases in the open reduction group (87.9％),respectively.All fractures healed after an average of 10.9 weeks (range,from 9 to 13 weeks),with one exception of nonunion in the closed reduction group.The incidence of femoral head necrosis in the closed reduction group (27.8％,5/18) was significantly higher than that in the open reduction group (15.2％,5/33) (P ＜ 0.05).According to the Ratliff's evaluation at the final follow-ups,the good to excellent rate in the closed reduction group(66.7％,12/18) was significantly lower than that in the open reduction group (84.8％,28/33) (P ＜0.05).Coxa vara occurred in 3 children in the closed reduction group but in none in the open reduction group.Conclusion Open reduction with internal fixation may lead to better outcomes than closed reduction in the treatment of children with displaced femoral neck fracture whose reduction is delayed by more than 24 hours,probably because open reduction can result in better reduction quality.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, endoplasmic reticulum stress-caused apoptosis plays a crucial role in ischemia impairment and has become the hotspot of studies addressing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The lower limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) has the obvious protective effect on the immature myocardium, but until now, no study reports whether LIP effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis in immature myocardial cells. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of LIP on endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.
METHODS:Langendorff-perfused isolated rabbit hearts were used in this study. Twenty-four immature rabbits were randomized into three groups. Control group:Isolated rabbit heart was only perfused with Krebs-Henseleit for 180 minutes. I/R group:Isolated rabbit heart was perfused 20 minutes, and then ischemia for 60 minutes fol owed by reperfusion 100 minutes. LIP group:Limbs were repeatedly obstructed 5 minutes and relaxed 5 minutes for three times, to establish Langendorff models, and then repeated the method of ischemia/reperfusion in I/R group. The myocardial apoptosis was assayed with TUNEL method. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, Bcl-2, Bax and Fas was detected with western blot analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with I/R group, apoptosis rate was significantly lower, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher, and the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, Bax and Fas was significantly lower in LIP group. This study demonstrated that LIP regulates myocardial cellapoptosis through reducing the expression of endopasmic reticulum stress GRP78, Bax and Fas and increasing the expression of Bcl-2.

Child ; China ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumonia ; microbiology

N-Acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines were designed and synthesized, moreover their effects on acetylcholinesterase activities were tested. N-Acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines were prepared from substituted 2-bromo-1-acetophenones by three steps reaction, and their AChE inhibitory activities were measured by Ellman method in vitro. The results showed that the target compounds had a certain inhibitory activity on AChE in vitro. Among them, 8c was the best, and IC50 of 8c was 0.51 micromol x L(-1), better than that of rivastigmine and Huperzine-A. The inhibitory activities of N-acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines on acetylcholinesterase are worth while to be further studied.
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Amines ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Rivastigmine ; pharmacology ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles ; pharmacology

A series of novel 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, furthermore, their inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase were investigated. 2-Amino-4-phenylthiazoles were prepared from alpha-bromoacetophenones by Hantzsch reaction, acylation reaction and substitution reaction. Moreover, their bioactivities as AChE inhibitors in vitro were measured with Ellman spectrophotometry. The results showed that most of them had a certain inhibition activity on AChE, and the compound 8a was the best of them. The IC50 of 8a to AChE is 3.54 micromol x L(-1), and the value was better than that of rivastigmine. 2-Amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives showed a certain bioactivity in vitro, which were worth further investigation.
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Thiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To analyze and compare two potency assay methods of protamine sulfate.Methods Heparin titration method was according to foreign pharmacopoeia,while biological assay method was according to China pharmacopoeia(2015).Results The absorbance at the end-point was stable at 0.10 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL test solutions.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)of potency results were all less than 5%.Three test solutions and volumes of the titrant had a good linear relationship(R2 =1.000).The results of titration method were significantly related to those of biological assay(P=0.013),with similar RSD(P>0.05).However,the potency of titration method were significantly lower than those of biological assay (P=0.045).Conclusion Heparin titration method is good-using,convenient,and need to be applied widely at home.