Substance P is one of the most important neurotransmitter in the nervous system. It plays an important role in the pathological process of many diseases through combineing with its receptors, for example, neurokinin-1 receptor (NKIR). The antagonists of NK1R (NK1RA) that are widely used in recent clinical treatments can not only relieve deppression and anxiety, but also have good antiemetic effects on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, the relevant study results in this field in recent years are described.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy

This article introduced the development and application effect appraisal of Microbial Engineering CAI courseware for bio-engineering specialization. The courseware focuses on knowledge system integrity, content-rich and gives prominence to the key points. Pictures, animation and video, and audio effects are also utilized appropriately to achieving stimulate students interest in learning and then improve teaching and learning performance. The courseware concentrates on core content of the course, such as fermentation parameters detection and automatic control, and fermentation equipments. The courseware was manufactured using the Powerpoint software. Animation was established with Flash 4 software and the scanning pattern was edited using Adobe photoshop. And chapters of the courseware were composed and administrated using Courseware Master Software. A two-year survey showed that 85% of students satisfied with this courseware.

Objective To compare the response of haemodynamics and intraocular pressure (IOP) to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and tracheal intubation (TT) in children with glaucoma.Methods A prospective,randomized study was conducted in 50 glaucomatous children,scheduled to undergo trabeculectomy and divided into LMA group (25 cases) and TT group (25 cases) by random digits table method.Endotracheal intubation or placement of the laryngeal mask operation time and the dosage of midazolam was noted in each patient.Heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),tip perfusion index (TPI),IOP were measured after anesthesia induction (T1),endotracheal intubation or placement laryngeal mask immediately (T2),endotracheal intubation or placement after laryngeal mask 1 min (T3),2 min (T4),3 min(T5),5 min(T6).Results There was no significant difference in endotracheal intubation or placement of the laryngeal mask operation time and the dosage of midazolam between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with T1,HR,IOP were increased at T2-T4,MAP was increased at T2-T3,TPI was decreased at T2-T5 in TT group,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,TPI,IOP among different points in LMA group (P ＞ 0.05).HR,MAP,IOP in LMA group at T2-T4 were lower than those in TT group [HR:(119.3 ±8.9),(117.6 ±8.5),(115.2 ±6.9) beats/min vs.(131.3 ±7.1),(128.1 ±6.8),(123.2 ± 8.6)beats/min,MAP:(36.9 ± 5.1),(37.1 ±4.8),(34.7 ±4.6) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(44.1 ± 4.9),(42.8 ± 5.5),(41.9 ± 7.1) mmHg,IOP:(27.6 ± 2.5),(27.0 ± 2.0),(25.9 ± 2.3) mmHg vs.(34.2 ± 2.2),(32.9 ± 1.6),(31.1 ± 2.2) mmHg],TPI at T2-T5 was higher than that in TT group (3.25 ± 0.28,2.99 ± 0.26,3.15 ± 0.31,3.40 ± 0.30 vs.2.69 ± 0.29,2.22 ± 0.27,2.41 ± 0.30,2.66 ± 0.33),and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Insertion of LMA in glaucomatous children is not associated with significant changes in haemodynamics and IOP response and offers advantages over tracheal intubation.

AIM: To explorethe therapeutic efficacy of treating cataract phacoemulsification remove combined with trabeculectomy early postoperative failure with open sclera flap recanalization by phacoemulsification auxiliary hook interred the anterior chamber.
METHODS:Twenty-seven cases ( 27 eyes ) of glaucoma combined cataract surgery(3mo) in the early failure were treated with that the phacoemulsification auxiliary hook into anterior chamber under the original sclera flap, open from the inside have adhesion of the sclera flap. Postoperative follow-up 12mo, the intraocular pressure and best corrected visual acuity were observed.
RESULTS: The postoperative follow- up was 12mo. There were functional filtering bleb in 14(52%) eyes; and the IOP was below 21mmHg in 17 eyes(63%) without any anti- glaucoma drug, and in 7 eyes ( 26%) with 1 - 2 categories of lower intraocular pressure( IOP) drugs, and 3 eyes(11%), failure and the success rate was 89% after 12mo. Average intraocular pressure after 1wk, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 12mo were(7. 1±4. 3) mmHg,(10. 5±5. 1) mmHg,(15. 1±4. 8 ) mmHg, ( 16. 8±5. 2 ) mmHg, ( 17. 3±5.1 ) mmHg, significantly lower than the IOP preoperatively(30. 2±6. 8) mmHg (P<0. 01). Average visual acuity ( all of the following were best corrected vision) after 1wk, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 12mo was(0. 32±0. 52),(0. 52±0. 42),(0. 55±0. 39),(0. 53±0. 47),(0. 54±0. 42 ). Postoperative 1wk visual acuity deeper than preoperative( 0. 46 ± 0. 44 ) ( P < 0. 05 ), more than all improved compared with preoperative ( P < 0. 05 ). Postoperative anterior chamber bleeding in 5(19%) eyes, all absorbed itself in 3 to 5 days; ciliochoroidal detachment in 7 ( 26%) eyes, except one case need operate, others were conservative treatment to heal. Postoperative continuous low intraocular pressure concurrent macular edema was 1 eyes(4%), 4mo healed after treatment.
CONCLUSION: It is a safe and effective method thattreating phacoemulsification cataract remove combined with trabeculectomy early postoperative failure with open sclera flap recanalization by phacoemulsification auxiliary hook interred the anterior chamber.

Objective To study the clinical features of diagnosis and treatment in children with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) and improve the diagnosis and treatment.Methods The examinations of 17 children with low-risk MDS were analyzed.The blood concentrations of cyclosporine,one of the therapeutic drugs,were monitored and the responses to the treatments were evaluated.Results Exa-mination of full blood count showed that the reductions of 3 cell types,2 cell types and 1 cell type were 11 (64.7%)cases,5(29.4%)cases and 1(5.9%)case,respectively.Reticulocyte count showed an increase in 82.4% of the patients and normal in 3 cases.Fourteen in 17 cases were hyperplastic marrow and 3 cases were hypoplastic marrow.Among all cases,one lineage,2 lineages and 3 lineages dyspoiesis were seen in 8(47.1%),7(41.2%) and 1 (5.9%)cases,respectively.One case showed no dyspoiesis.Cytogenetics examination showed normal in 10(58.8%) cases and abnormal in 7(41.2%) cases.Fifteen (88.2%) cases had normal proportions of CD59 negative cells,while 2 cases had higher proportions.The blood concentrations of cyclosporine that were tested in 9 cases at the end of the third week were in a range of 95.3-316.5 ?g/L.The therapeutic effect of 10 cases were evaluated at the end of the third month after being treated.Eight cases achieved haematological improvement and 2 cases didn′t.The rate of improvement was 80%.Conclusions The patients of low-risk MDS are mostly school-aged children and pancytopenia is the most common sign.The combination of predisone,cyclosporine and stanozolol agents shows good effect to treat low-risk MDS.The absorption of cyclosporine is different individually,so it is significant to adjust the dosage of cyclosporine according to the concentration regularly in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo explore the significance of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MethodsTwenty-four pregnant women with HBsAg and HBeAg negative but other HBV markers positive together with their infants were included as study group. Sixteen pregnant women with HBV marker negative and their infants were in the control group. HBV DNA in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of two groups was detected by nested PCR respectively. Results(1)In the study group, the positive rates of HBV DNA of pregnant women were 33% (8/24) in the sera and 42% (10/24) in PBMCs. Three women were detected HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs. The rate of HBV infection was 63% (15/24); (2)also in the study group, the positive rates of HBV DNA of the infants were 13% (3/24) in the sera and 25% (6/24) in PBMCs. One newborn was detected HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs, the rate of intrauterine infection of HBV was 33% (8/24); (3) HBV DNA was detected in sera and/or in PBMCs from four newborns of pregnant women with HBV DNA positive only in PBMCs, the positive ratio was 4/7. ConclusionsHBV intrauterine infection is possible in pregnant women with HBsAg and HBeAg negative. Detecting HBV-DNA in sera and PBMCs of pregnant women and their newborns by PCR is important clinical significance.

Objective: To investigate the reversal effect of astragaloside IV on multidrug resistance of MDA-MB-231/DOX in breast cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of astragaloside IV and sensitivity or drug resistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin (DOX) before and after treatment were determined by MTT assay. Liposome co-delivery system containing doxorubicin and astragaloside IV (LPs-DOX/AS) was constructed by ethanol injection-ammonium sulfate gradient method. The reversal effect of LPs-DOX/AS on multidrug resistance of breast cancer cells was determined by MTT method. The effect of LPs-DOX/AS on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results: Astragaloside IV had no significant cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells in the experimental concentration range. After combined with astragaloside IV, the IC50 values of DOX on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/DOX cells decreased (P < 0.05), and the intervention effect on drug-resistant cells was more significant (P < 0.01). Compared with free DOX/AS-IV, the IC50 values of LPs-DOX/AS-IV on both breast cancer cells decreased (P < 0.05), and the effect on drug-resistant strains was more significant (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate of drug-resistant strains treated with LPs-DOX/AS-IV was also significantly higher than that of free drug group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Astragaloside IV has reversal effect on multidrug resistance of human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 to doxorubicin. The combination of astragaloside IV and doxorubicin and its liposome co-delivery system can effectively reverse or sensitize multidrug resistance in breast cancer.

Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1beta-hydroxy-1 ,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin (1) , boscialin (2) , blumenol C (3), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5) , blumenol A(6), (1'S,2R,5S, 10R) -2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l1'-methylethyl) -6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one(7) , (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-( 1',2'-dihydroxy-l '-methylethyl) -6,1 l0-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one( 8) , 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1 '-methylethyl) -6,1 0-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one (9) , and grasshopper ketone (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, nine diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria strigillosa. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were elucidated as: 6-O-acetyl-7-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(1), 6-O-nicotinoyl-7-O-acetylscutebarbatine G(2), 6,7-di-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(3), scutebarbatine K(4), scutebarbatine B(5), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A(6), 6-O-nicotinoylbarba- tin A(7), 6,7-di-O-acetoxylbarbatin A(8), scutebarbatine F(9). Compound 1 is a new diterpenoid, and compounds 2-9 were isolated from Scutellaria strigillosa for the first time.
Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization