Objective:To analyze the prognosis of replanted permanent teeth in children and associated factors. To determine the onset time of root resorption and related factors. Methods: Clinical data of replanted teeth treated in Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, from January 2000 to December 2006,were collected, and the follow-up period was no less than six months. The Fisher's exact test and cox regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The study comprised of 39 patients with 50 replanted permanent teeth. The periodontium healing rate was 18%, while root resorption rate was 82%. Replacement resorption was the most common type of root resorption (64%).The factors significantly affecting periodontium healing were stage of root development and storage of avulsed teeth.Stage of root development and the time of endodontic treatment significantly affected the onset time of root resorption(P<0.05). Conclusion: Replacement resorption is the most common type of root resorption. The factors significantly affecting periodontium healing are stage of root development and storage of avulsed teeth. Stage of root development and the time of endodontic treatment significantly affect the onset time of root resorption.

Gastrointestinal microbiota is a huge and complex system that has multiple influential factors. As an exogenous pathogen,Helicobacter pylori(Hp)may interact with gastrointestinal microbiota. It has been revealed that Hp infection led to an increase in Lactobacillus acidophilus in intestinal tract and a decrease in Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmacutes in stomach. Proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics,the major components of eradication regimens for Hp infection,may also have an impact on gastrointestinal microbiota. On the other hand,gastrointestinal microbiota interferes with Hp’s attachment into gastric mucosa. Probiotics combined with eradication therapy could benefit the eradication rate of Hp infection and reduce adverse events.

Objective: Based on the study of chemical composition research of Ilex latifolia, to develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of latifoloside F, latifoloside H, latifoloside C, latifoloside D, kudinoside F and ilekudinoside E. The purity of the six saponins was confirmed by LC-MS. Methods: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Wonda Cract ODS-2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with linear gradient elution of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. The mass spectrum was negative ion mode, the capillary temperature was 250℃, the solvent gas was nitrogen, the flow rate was 0.75 L/min, the spray voltage was 4.0 kV, and the lens voltage was 125V. Results: The six saponins were well separated and all calibration curves showed good linearity within the test ranges (r > 0.999 2). The average recoveries were between 99.52% and 100.96%, and RSD values were less than 2%. Conclusion: An accurate and simple method is first established for the qualitation and quantification of six saponins in I. latifolia. The results demonstrate that the method could be applied as a reliable quality control method for the seed of I. latifolia.

Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; Sepsis ; physiopathology

AIM:To explore the effects of endothelial indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) on the migration and the expression of contractile proteins in the pericytes.METHODS: Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells ( HPAECs) and rat cerebral microvascular pericytes were cultured in vitro.Over-expression of IDO in the HPAECs ( IDO-HPAECs) was established.The pericytes were treated with HPAEC-conditioned medium (control group), IDO-HPAEC conditioned medium (treatment group), or IDO-HPAECs-conditioned medium containing 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-mT) ( inhibition group) .The concentrations of nitric oxide ( NO) , tryptophan and kynurenine in the co-culture system were de-termined.The viability, migration and the expression of the contractile proteins in the pericytes were compared.RE-SULTS:No statistical difference of the pericyte viability after treatment with IDO-HPAEC-conditioned medium at 6~48 h was observed (P>0.05).The migratory ability of the pericytes significantly decreased in treatment group compared with control group (P<0.01), and significantly increased in inhibition group compared with treatment group (P<0.01).The concentration of NO in the co-culture system had no significant difference among groups (P>0.05).The concentration of tryptophan was significantly lower in treatment group than that in control group (P<0.01), and significantly higher in in-hibition group than that in treatment group (P<0.01).The concentration of kynurenine was significantly higher in treat-ment group than that in control group (P<0.01), and significantly lower in inhibition group than that in treatment group (P<0.01).The expression ofα-smooth muscle actin and desmin was significantly lower in treatment group than that in control group (P<0.01), and significantly higher in inhibition group than that in treatment group (P<0.01).CON-CLUSION:Endothelial IDO inhibits the migration and the expression of the contractile proteins in the pericytes, and may play essential roles in the regulation of microvasculatures.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec(IDeg)in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). METHODS:A systematic review of literatures was conducted via PubMed,EMBase,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,IDF,ISPOR,ADA and EASD from the inception to Janu-ary 2016,to identify pharmacoeconomics evaluation literatures and non-economic studies related to IDeg in the treatment of T1DM and T2DM,compared with other basic insulin [insulin glargine(IGlar),insulin detemir(IDet),neutral protamine hagedom insulin (NPH)]. RESULTS:A total of 8 studies were included and all of them were carried out in European countries. In the short-term (one year),IDeg was more economical when compared with other basic insulin in patients with T1DM. The studies related to the long-term treatment of T1DM demonstrated different conclusions,but most of studies came to a conclusion that IDeg had good cost-effectiveness. For patients with T2DM,all of the studies demonstrated that IDeg was cost-effectiveness compared with IGlar. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with other basic insulin,IDeg can improve therapeutic efficacy and the quality of life,as well as re-duce the cost of ADR as hypoglycaemia. IDeg is a dominant or cost-effective treatment opinion.

Objective To observe the effects of Sanhuangtangshenkang particles on the expression levels of tumor ne?crosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 in bone tissue of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rat model. Methods There were seven groups of rats in this study. Ten female Wistar rats were used as control. Ten rats were established for osteoporosis model, and fifty rats were established for diabetic model. Fifty diabetic model rats were further divided into model control group, tra?ditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prevention group (high-dose TCM group, low-dose TCM group) and Western medicine group, with 10 rats for each group. All rats were given the corresponding intervention for 20 weeks. Automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to determine fasting blood glucose (FBG). ELISA was used to detect serum TNF-αand IL-6. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess bone density. Real-time PCR was used to appraise the mRNA of TNF-αand IL-6 in bone tissue. Western blot assay was used to measure protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in bone tissue. Re?sults Compared with osteoporosis model group, bone density was significantly increased, serum levels of TNF-αand IL-6, the mRNA and protein expression level of IL-6 were significantly decreased in bone tissue of TCM groups and Western medi?cine group (P<0.05). The expression levels of TNF-αmRNA and protein were significantly decreased in bone tissue of in high-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P<0.05). Compared with the diabetic model group, the se?rum levels of FBG, TNF-αand IL-6 were significantly decreased in TCM groups and Western medicine group (P<0.05). The expression levels of TNF-αmRNA and protein were significantly decreased in high-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in low-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 are increased in serum and bone tissue of diabetic rats. Sanhuangtangshenkang particles can improve the inflammatorystate to play prevention and therapeutic effect on diabetic rats.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Guishao Zhenxian Tablets. Methods Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Codonopsis,Radix Bupleuri were identified by TLC. The content of paeoniflorin in the preparation was determined by HPLC. Results The spots of TLC color spectrum were distinct and there was nointerference from the negative control. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.245 2～0.735 6 ?g for paeoniflorin (r=0.999 7) and the average recovery was 98.3%,RSD=1.52% (n=5). Conclusion The established quality standard is convenient and reliable,and can be used to control the quality of Guishao Zhenxian Tablets more effectively.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureter stones.Methods A total of 186 cases ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy were performed in our hospital.The outcomes of the surgery were analyzed.Results The success rate of the operation was 80.6%(29/36) for the upper ureteral calculi,92.7%(51/55) for the middle,and 100%(95/95) for the lower ones,respectively.Four weeks after the surgery,re-examination showed that the rate of stone removal was 94.1%(175/186).Injuries to the ureter occurred in 5(2.7%) of the cases.Conclusion Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of multiple regimen combination in treatment of osteoporosis of perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. Methods From Jul. 2008 to Dec. 2009, 109 women with low bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis treated in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Second Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College were enrolled randomly into 3 group,including 36 women in Group A managed by osteoform 1000 mg/d + alfacalcidol 0. 25 μg/bid orally, 40 women in group B managed by osteoform 1000 mg/d + alfacalcidol 0. 25 μg/bid + tibolone 1.25 mg/d orally and 33 women in group C managed by ostcoform 1000 mg/d + alfacalcidol 0. 25 μg/bid +bisphosphonates 70 mg/w orally. After 48 weeks BMD on lumbar 1 -4 (L1-4) and left femur were detected by X-ray. Bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) ,cross linked clelopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(CTX) and 25-hydroxychole calciferol [25 (OH) D3] was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Result Seven women (6. 4%, 7/109) were withdrawed form this study, including 2 cases losing follow up in group A, 3 cases stopping treatment in group B, 2 cases giving up treatment due to severe adverse effect (burning in upper abdomen) in group C. (1) Pain relieve: after 48 weeks treatment, women in 3 groups improved symptom of pain significantly, the rates of pain relieve were 85% (29/34)in group A, 92% (34/37) in group B and 94% (29/31) in group C. (2) BMD: BMD was improved significantly in women in 3 groups after treatment. BMD of L1-4 were (0.88±0.15) g/cm2 in group A,(0.89±0.18) g/cm2 in group B and (0.87±0.10) g/cm2 in group C before treatment, and converted to (0.90±0.01) g/cm2 in group A, (0.93±0.09) g/cm2 in group B and (0.91±0.11) g/cm2 in group C after treatment. BMD of left femur were (0.87±0.07) g/cm2 in group A, (0.87±0.07) g/cm2 in group B and (0.85±0. 12) g/cm2 in group C before treatment and converted to (0.90± 0.03) g/cm2 in group A, (0.91±0.08) g/cm2 in group B and (0.89 ±0.12) g/cm2 in group C after treatment. It was shown significantly different BMD between group B or C and group A (P < 0. 01), however, there was no significant different BMD between group B and C (P >0. 05). (3) Index of bone metabolism: BALP were (26±6) μg/L in group A, (26±9) μg/L in group B and (28±7) μg/L in group C before treatment and converted to (22±5) μg/L in group A, (20±9)μg/L in group B and (22±8)μg/L in group C after treatment, which showed statistical difference (P < 0.05). CTX were (0.85±0.20) ng/L in group A, (0.84±0.47) ng/L in group B, and (0. 88 ±0. 11) ng/L in group C before treatment and converted to (0. 81 ±0. 19) ng/L in group A, (0. 77±0.33) ng/L in group B, and (0.82 ±0. 14) ng/L in group C after treatment, which showed statistical difference (P < 0. 05). Conclusions Those 3 regimens combination could be used in treatment of osteoporosis by decreasing bone conversion, increasing bone density, decreasing bone absorption. Regimen A was only suitable for basic therapy,the other two regimens could provide better treatment.