Background The surgery for retinal detachment induced by macular hole in high myopic eye has a lower success rate in comparison with other rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.A combination procedure of vitrectomy and heavy silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachment induced by macular hole in high myopic eye has been used,but different outcomes are reported.Objective This study was to assess the efficacy of heavy silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of retinal detachment with macular hole in high myopic eye.Methods The clinical data of 20 eyes of 20 patients who received vitrectomy combined heavy silicone oil tamponade surgery for retinal detachment induced by macular hole in high myopia under the informed consent in Beijing Tongren Eye Center from September 2007 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The 20 G vitrectomy was used during the surgery.In addition,other procedures,such as epiretinal membrane peeling,retinotomy,endo-laser photocoagulation,phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were optionally performed as necessary.No special position was required after the surgery.Heavy silicon oil was removed via pars plana,and retinal reattachment after heavy silicon oil removal was defined as success of surgery.Postoperative LogMAR vision,intraocular pressure,retinal reattachment and complications were observed and evaluated.Results The preoperative average spherical equivalent refractive error was (-14.3 ±3.0) D in the eyes.Among the 20 eyes,there were 7 (35％) recurrent retinal detachment and 7 eyes (35％) complicated with choroidal detachment preoperatively.After surgery,the retinas were reattached in 95％ eyes (19/20),including retinal reattachment after first operation in 18 eyes (90％) and after second surgery in 1 eye (5％).A localized retinal detachment was still existed after a second surgery in the other 1 eye.The mean LogMAR vision improved from preoperative 2.77 ±0.81 to postoperative 1.22±0.46 (P =0.000).All the phakic eyes developed different degrees of sub-capsular cataract.Long-term ocular hypertension was found in 2 eyes after surgery.Conclusions The combination of vitrectomy and heavy silicone oil endotamponade is a safe and effective approach to retinal detachment with macular hole in high myopic patients.This procedure may improve vision and offers comfortable position after surgery for the patients.

Objective To observe the efficacy of lipoic acid combined with mosapride in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder.Methods 30 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with diabatic neurogenic bladder were treated with lipoic acid and mosapride for three weeks,on the base of good controlling of blood glucose,blood lipids,and other metabolic indicators.The residual urine volume of bladder and urodynamic indicators were compared before and after treatment.Results The residual urine volume of bladder and urodynamic indicators after treatment for three weeks and withdrawal for four weeks were (62.5 ± 27.8) ml and (61.3 ± 21.6) ml,(8.3 ± 1.9) ml/s and (7.9 ±2.1)ml/s,(10.7 ± 1.8)ml/s and (10.3 ± 1.6) ml/s,(25.6 ±2.7)cm H2O and (24.5 ±2.3)cm H2O,which were significiantly better than those before treatment [(128.3 ± 72.5) ml,(5.2 ± 1.3) ml/s,(8.4 ± 1.2) ml/s,(18.1 ±1.2)cm H2O](t=4.01,4.21,3.45,3.52,3.68,3.47,3.33,3.24,all P ＜0.01).Conclusion Lipoic acid combined with mosapride has good effect in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), as a member of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), is ex-pressed on the membrane of activated T cells , B cells and macrophages.Combining with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-1 will inhibit the proliferation of T cells and further involve in T cell receptor signaling negative feedback regulation .As the signifi-cant relationship between PD-1 /PD-L1 expression and prognosis in tumor cells , monocytes and T cells of ovarian cancer patients , this review focuses on the biological significance , influencing factors , advances of related drugs and clinical application of PD-1 /PD-L1 in ovarian cancer .

Aim To observe the changes of endothelin receptors and their subtypes of left ventricules in normal SD rats and dilated cardiomyopathy rats. Methods To establish the best conditions of the binding experiment, different protein concentrations, incubation temperature ?and?incubating?time?were?tested? with 125 I-ET-1 ligand respectively. With the selected conditions, saturation binding experiments were performed to determine the amount of endothelin receptor and its subtypes in normal SD rats and in dilated cardiomyopathy ones. Results (1) The optimal incubating temperature was 37 ℃. Under this condition, the binding amount of 125 I-ET-1 increased rapidly in 0～30 minutes, and reached to saturation point at 60 minutes, and there was a linear correlation between 125 I-ET-1 binding amount and cell membrane protein concentration. (2) Endothelin-1, bosentan,BQ123,BQ788 etc. could competitively suppress the bound of 125 I-ET-1 to endothelin receptors. (3) The amount of endothelin receptor in left ventricle of dilated cardiomyopathy rats was ( 92.21? 34.34) nmol?kg -1 protein, which was significantly low than that in normal SD ones. There was no change on the ratio of endothelin receptor subtypes A and B. Conclusion 125I-ET-1 can be used to determine the amount of endothelin receptor and its subtypes in varied tissues specifically. The amount of endothelin receptor in left ventricle of dilated cardiomyopathy rats is down regulated, but the ratio of endothelin receptor subtype A vs B remains to be 21.

Described in this paper are the significance of medical information collection, selection principles for medical information resources and common strategies for medical information collection, methods of collecting elec-tronic medical information resources, practical techniques of collecting common medical knowledge, and the whole collection process of medical information.

BACKGROUND:LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as intracelular proteins can induce osteogenic differentiation and promote angiogenesis, respectively. Therefore, their combination is of great significance for effectively inducing the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cels.
OBJECTIVE:To study the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cels transfected by lentivirus vector carrying LMP-1 and HIF-1α.
METHODS:Reverse transcription-PCR technology was employed to clone LMP-1 and HIF-1α genes, and thegenes were cloned to lentivirus vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1 to construct main lentiviral vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg-RLMP-1 and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1-RHIF-1α. Then, Lenti-X 293T cels were transfected with main vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg-RLMP-1 and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1-RHIF-1α, packaging plasmid and coated plasmid. After that, lentiviral vectors were packaged to transfect adipose-derived stem cels from rats that were obtained by tissue explants culture and enzyme digestion methods. At 3, 7, 14 days after transfection, reverse transcription-PCR technology was adopted to detect the expression of osteogeic genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin as wel as to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lentiviral vectors pLVX-EF1α-DsRed-Hyg-RLMP-1 and pLVX-EF1α-IRES2-AcGFP1-RHIF-1α were effectively transfected into adipose-derived stem cels. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that from the 7th day to the 14th day after lentivirus transfection, bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin al over-expressed. These findings indicate that the combination of LMP-1 and HIF-1α can enhance the osteogenic activity of adipose-derived stem cels.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of griseofulvin on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods PC-3 cells were treated with griseofulvin at various concentrations for48 h,cell survival rate was then measured by MTT assay.The changes of morphology were observed by fluorescence microscope; Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit was used to detect apoptosis of the cells ; The enzyme activity changes of caspase-3,8,9 were detected by spectrophotometry.For in vivo study,we first established the PC-3 tumor model by grafting PC-3 cells in athymic nude mice,and then injected griseofulvin into the tumors.12 days after injection,the mice were sacrificed,the tumors were removed,weighed and the ratios of tumor-suppression were then calculated.We had detected the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,p53 and Survivin with immumohistochemistry as well. Results MTT results showed that griseofulvin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner,and the IC50 of griseofulvin was 18.17 ±2.10 μg/ml.Typical morphological changes of PC-3 cells were observed by microscope.The rates of apoptosis of griseofulvin treated PC-3 cells greatly increased compared with that of the control cells (31.37 ± 2.93％ vs 2.89 ± 0.67％,P ＜ 0.01 ).The caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities in griseofulvin treated PC-3 cells were significantly higher than those in control cells (0.562 ±0.050 vs0.113±0.014,0.337±0.053 vs 0.120±0.017,0.293±0.038 vs0.109±0.018,P＜0.01).On the 23th day after tumor vaccination,the tumor volume was 961.17 ± 78.12 mm3 in griseofulvin treated group and was 433.6 ± 12.8 mm3 in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).The tumor weight was 742.50 ± 78.63 mg in griseofulvin treated group and was 1387.33 ± 71.47 mg3 in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Bcl-2,Bax,p53 and Survivin protein expressions were 16.10 ± 3.45％,39.50 ± 6.88％,48.20 ± 8.04％,16.50 ± 2.22％ in griseofulvin treated group,respectively; 41.30 ± 3.95％,13.70 ± 2.98％,17.60 ± 3.21％,52.11 ± 6.28％ in control group,respectively.And there were significant differences in both groups (P ＜ 0.01 ).The in vivo data showed that griseofulvin suppressed the tumor growth conspicuously through down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2,Survivin,and up-regulating the expression of Bax,p53. Conclusions Griseofulvin can inhibit the growth of PC-3 and induce apoptosis of PC-3 cells.Griseofulvin inhibits the in vivo tumorigenicity of PC-3 cells.

Objective:To study the colonization ability of Streptococcus oligofermentans (S.oligofer-mentan)in the condition of high sucrose in oral cavity of rats.Methods:In this study,48 SPF-SD rats aged 21 days were selected.From 24th to 27th days,the rats were fed with water of antibiotic and fed with high glucose diet continuously.On the 28th day,the rats were divided into four groups randomly,12 rats per group.From the 28th day to 30th day,the first group (SMgroup)was inoculated with S.mutans,the second group (SO group)with S.oligofermentan,the third group (SO+SM group)with mixture of S. mutans and S.oligofermentan,the control group not with any bacteria.On the next day and the 10th day after inoculation of bacteria,the samples of dental plaque of the rats were acquired by scrubbing occlu-sal,buccal and lingual surfaces of bilateral mandibular molars with sterile swabs.The samples of SM group were inoculated on MSB and BHIS,of SO group on MSAE,of SO+SMgroup on MSB,MSAE and BHIS,of the control group on MSB and MSAE.S.mutans were screened and calculated on MSB,the suspected colonies of S.oligofermentan were screened and identified by the analysis of 16S rDNA.Re-sults:On the next day,the detection rate of S.oligofermentan was 33.3% (4/12)in the group of SO;in the group of SO+SM,the detection rate of S.oligofermentan was 0,the detection rate of S.mutans 100.00%,and the proportion of S.mutans 14.70%±4.53%;in the group of SM,the detection rate of S.mutans was 100.00%,the proportion of S.mutans 12.42%±4.27%.On the 10th day,in the group of SO,the detection rate of S.oligofermentan was 0;in the group of SO+SM,the detection rate of S.oligofermentan was 0,the detection rate of S.mutans 100.00%,and the proportion of S.mutans 15.78%±5.10%;in the group of SM,the detection rate of S.mutans was 100.00%,and the propor-tion of S.mutans 17.08%±5.75%.Conclusion:In the condition of the experiment where high glucose was maintained in the oral cavity in rats,S.oligofermentan appeared transiently and couldn’t colonize in the rats.

In recent years, polysaccharides have received much attention because of their high safety and good immunological activity. The study of polysaccharide in vivo process is a key scientific problem that needs to be solved for polysaccharide drug development. Some progress has been made in the field of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics and immunomodulation. However, due to the lack of both chromogenic and light-absorbing groups and the complex molecular structure of polysaccharides, the in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides have been slow to be investigated. The effective combination of multiple techniques can break the bottleneck of difficult tracing and unknown immunomodulatory mechanism of polysaccharides in vivo, and promote the development and utilization of polysaccharides. In this paper, we systematically summarize the key techniques in the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms in order to provide technical references and research ideas for the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Objective:To compare the leaf open time (LOT) parameters and γ passing rates between the 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 helix Tomotherapy planning systems and evaluate the improvement.Methods:Retrospective comparison of the treatment plans of 345 cases selected by 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 versions was performed. The Machine Specific Sinogram of each plan was extracted from the archived plan file to calculate the LOT. The evaluated LOT parameters included the projection time, the maximum LOT, the mean non-zeros time, the time difference between the projection time and the maximum LOT, the relative count of leaves with LOT greater than maximum LOT minus 5 ms, the relative count of leaves with LOT lower than 100 ms and the beam on time. The γ passing rate (criteria: 3 mm/3%, 10% threshold and global error) and the LOT parameters between two version systems were evaluated with the independent t-test. The relationship between the LOT parameters and γ passing rate was analyzed by the multiple linear regression method. Results:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.0.4 system was 97.86%, significantly lower than 98.6% of the Ver 4.2.3 system ( P<0.001). The time gap between the projection time and the maximum LOT of the Ver 4.2.3 system was significantly less than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system (1 ms vs. 11 ms, P<0.001). For the Ver 4.0.4 system, the multiple linear regression method showed that the maximum LOT ratio and the beam on time were negatively correlated with the γ passing rate (both P<0.001). However, for the Ver 4.2.3 system, only the beam on time showed a negative correlation with the γ passing rate ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.2.3 system is significantly higher than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system. The decrease of γ passing rate caused by the leaves near the maximum LOT is properly resolved in the new version system.