microRNAs (miRNAs)are endogenous non-coding RNAs,which play important roles in the regulation of gene terms.miRNAs affect almost every physiological process of the body,and many diseases are related to the disorders of miRNAs.Current studies show that the abnormal expressions of miRNAs are closely relate to the tumorigenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.So miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the gastric cancer.

Objective To assess the ability of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) antibody and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) antibody to prevent postoperative abdominal adhesion formation in mice.Methods 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline group(n=15), anti-IL-1? group(n=15), anti-TNF? group(n=15),and anti-IL-1? combined with anti-TNF? group(n=15). After an identical peritoneal injury operation, mice were treated using intraperitoneally with either normal saline or corresponding antibody at the time of abdominal closure. The mice were killed 20 days after operation, the abdominal incisions and the development of intra-abdominal adhesions were observed. Adhesion scoring was based on an overall assessment of the extent,location, and type of adhesion.Results Anti-IL-1? combined with anti-TNF? group had significantly lower adhesion scores (0 84?0 19) than that in other groups(P

Objective To study the protective effects of ulinastatin and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) antibody on ischemia and reperfusion injury of liver in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control group, ischemia and reperfusion group, TNF-? antibody group and ulinastatin plus TNF-? antibody group. And the animals were killed after 60 minutes ischemia of liver followed by reperfusion for 1,3,6 and 12 hours. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected, and liver histopathologic lesions were observed. Results After ischemia and reperfusion, the serum level of ALT and MDA remarkedly increased, and the hepatic congestion was prominent. Treatment of ulinastatin and TNF-? antibody could decrease the serum level of ALT and MDA significantly, and relieve hepatic congestion. Conclusions Ulinastatin and TNF-? antibody can suppress the inflammatory reaction induced by hepatic ischemia and reperfusion, and has protective effects on rat hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Objective We tried to design a Instructor Rating Scale Identified by Nursing Students,and then evaluate its rehability and validity.Methods The original item pool was formulated by investigating 351 nursing students with convenience samphng method to develop a prehminary scale.Then it was used to investigate 273 nursing students to test its rehability and validity.Results The formal scale consisted of six dimensions,which contained 19 items.The cumative contribution rate of these dimensions was 62.30％.The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.54,test and re-test reliability was 0.48.Conclusions The Instructor Rating Scale Identified by Nursing Students can be applied to evaluate the instructors by nursing students.

Objective To improve the pancreaticoenterostomy technique and drainage in panereatieoduodenectomy, so as to prevent postoperative pancreatic leakage. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight panereaticoduodenectomy cases underwent parachute continuous running suture of pancreaticojejunostomy and extra drainage of the anastomotic stoma. Results The average time of the double-deck continuous invaginated pancreaticoenterostomy was 11 minutes, and there was no pancreaticoenterostomy leakage in all cases, lntraoperative blood loss was 353±61 ml, the average hospital stay was 19.2 days. Pulmonary infection developed in 6 cases, three cases suffered from postoperative upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress ulcer, two cases from functional delayed gastric emptying. All these complications were cured by conservative treatment, and there was no mortality in these series. Conclusions The parachute continuous running suture of pancreaticojejunostomy and extra drainage has the advantages of easy performance, saving time and less complications, and is an effective way in the prevention of panereatieojejunostomy leakage.

Objective To study the role of cutaneous nerve and protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2)in the development of pruritus in atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods Dermal sheets were prepared from chronically pruritic skin lesions of 7 patients with AD,as well as from the normal skin of 7 healthy human controls.Double labeled immunofluorescence was performed using mouse anti-protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5)monoclonal antibody and rabbit anti-substance P(SP)polyclonal antibody to observe the morphological changes in cutaneous nerve fibers,and Image-Pro Plus 6 software was used to semiquantitively assess the length,diameter of nerve fibers,integral optimal density of PAR2 and SP in dermal sheets.Results Immunofluoresence double staining showed that PAR2 co-expressed with PGP9.5 or SP in cutaneous nerve fibers.Compared with the normal control skin,both the total length and average diameter of PGP 9.5-expressing nerve fibers were increased(11051.8±1900.9 μm vs 7264.0±2659.9 μm,4.23±0.15 μm vs 3.95±0.15 μm,both P＜0.01)in pruritic lesions,while only the average diameter of SP-expressing nerve fibers was up-regulated(3.99±0.20 μm vs 3.80±0.07 μm,P＜0.05),and the total length of them remained unchanged(4304.7±1455.0 μm vs 3380.0±1735.4 μm,P＞0.05).Also,increased integral optimal density was observed for SP and PAR in pruritic lesions in comparison with the normal control skin (27.71±16.52 vs 12.63±4.31.35.99±8.63 vs 22.69±9.56.both P＜0.05).Conclusion Our results indicate a hyper-plasia of cutaneous nerve fibers in chronic itchv skin lesions of AD and an increase in the expression of PAR2 and SP in the cutaneous nerve fibers,suggesting that the signal enhancement in PAR2 pathway may be related to the mechanism of pruritus in patients with AD.

Objective To investigate the effects of using a catheter balloon to treat crieopharyngeal achala-sia in patients with brainstem lesions. Methods Thirty cases of dysphagia caused by brainstem lesions were diag-nosed as crieopharyngeal achalasia through videofluoroscopy of swallowing.The cases were divided into a treatment group and a control group randomly.The treatment group was treated with balloon dilatation and routine dysphagia re-habilitation training once daily,while the control group was treated with routine dysphagia rehabilitation training only.The treatment end point was either the patient resuming an oral diet or after 4 weeks of treatment.All eases were evaluated videofluoroscopically with a drinking test pre-and pest-treatment.Results After 10 to 24 balloon dilata-tions,10 of the 15 patients in the treatment group regained the ability to take solid food and water orally,thoush 2 of them could take pasty food only.Only 2 of the 15 patients in the control group regained the ability to take common food by mouth,though 5 of them could take pasty food.The other patients had no improvement.There wag a signifi-cant difference between the two groups.The cricopharyngeal aehalasia of 12 patients in the ffeatment group improved from incomplete relaxation/opening to complete relaxation/opening.Pooling and residue in the pyriform sinus or val-leculae was reduced and no misaspiration was observed.In the control group only 7 patients had some improvement.The mesn time for the bolus passing the pharynx after treatment was significantly shortened from 0.23 s to 0.15 s in the treatment group,but not significantly in the control group.Conclusions Catheter balloon dilatation is effective for cricopharyngeal achalasia caused by brainstem injury and is helpful for relieving the symptoms in the pharynx phase and the esophagus phase of dysphagia.

Objective To compare 76% meglucamine diatrizoate solution with 60%barium sulphate suspen-sion for use in videofluoroscopic swallowing studies(VFSSs).Methods Forty-nine cases of dysphagia caused by brain injury.brainstem lesion ir nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)were recruited for this study.They were divided into a meglucamine diatrizoate group of 22 patients who were administered 76% meglucamine diatrizoate solution as a contrast agent,and a barium sulphate group of 27 patients with whom 70%barium sulphate suspension was used.All the Datients were treated by balloon dilatation and other routine dysphagia rehabilitation procedures.The treatment end point was either the patient's resuming an oral diet or after 4 weeks of treatment. All cases were evaluated by VFSS pre-and post-treatment.Results The patients in the meglucamine diatrizoate group showed significant pre-and post-treatment differences in terms of the pharynx transit times of brain injury and brainstem lesion victims.NPC patients showed no significant differences.In the barium sulphate group there were significant pre-and post-treatment differences in Dharynx transit time for patients with all three conditions. Conclusions Using 76%meglucamine di-atrizoate solution as a contrast agent decreases the sensitivity of VFSS. Using 60% barium sulphate suspension in VFSS is recommended.

Objective To study the effect of S-adenomethionine on early stage recovery of transplanted liver.Methods From January 2010 to October 2012,57 liver transplantation patients were divided into 2 groups beginning the first day:group A,23 patients were treated with routine liver-protecting therapy,including glycyrrhizin,glutathione,albumin; group B,34 patients treated with additional S-adenomethionine (Transmetil).AST,ALT,T-BIL,D-BIL,γ-GT,ALB and ALP were compared between the two groups at pre-operation and post-operation day 1,day 4,day 7 and day 14.Results All patients suffered from preoperative hyperbilirubinemia,decreased ALB and elevated concentration of AST,ALT,γ-GT and ALP.On the first day after transplant,AST,ALT,T-BIL,D-BIL and γ-GT elevated and ALB decreased significantly in all cases compared with that before operation (respectively t =10.493,7.089,6.584,15.134,5.164,10.344,5.289,13.034,3.389,4.366,all P ＜ 0.01).On the contrary,the value of ALB was lower (respectively t =8.239,11.662,all P ＜ 0.05).On the fourth day posttransplant,ALB level was higher and that of other parameters were lower in group B when compared with group A (respectively t =2.536,2.736,2.218,3.318,4.804,2.892,all P ＜ O.05).This tendency of liver function improvement continued till postoperative day 7 in all cases while the differences between the two groups remained significant (respectively t =6.107,3.256,2.929,11.688,8.964,2.857,all P ＜ 0.05)except for γ-GT.On day 14,while T-BIL and D-BIL in group B were lower than that in group A (respectively t =4.413,8.493,all P ＜0.001),differences of liver functions were not significant between the two groups (respectively t =1.916,1.414,1.168,1.035,1.604,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Transmetil promotes the recovery of transplanted liver's function,elevates the concentrantion of ALB and reduces the concentration of AST,ALT,T-BIL,D-BIL,γ-GT and ALP at early stage after liver transplant.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the modified balloon dilatation intervention on the pharyngeal constriction function of the brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia using videofluoroscopy-based digital analysis.Methods Thirty brainstem stroke survivors with pharyngeal dysphagia were recruited and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 15 in each.The treatment group was treated with the modified balloon dilatation in addition to the routine treatment of 30min,respectively,once a daily,3 days a week,whiled a control group was treated with routine treatment of 30min twice a day,3 days a week.Before and after the treatment,the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction were measured in both groups.Results After the treatment,the rate of pharyngeal constriction in the treatment group was (0.20 ± 0.030),(0.14 ± 0.05) and (0.15 ± 0.04) when swallowing thin liquid,thick liquid and pasty food,significantly better than before the treatment.The duration of the pharyngeal constriction was (990.34 ±96.14),(1010.47 ± 133.64) and (1180.10 ± 121.27) ms,respectively,also significantly better than before the treatment.In the control group,significant differences were also observed in the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction before and after the treatment.Conclusions Digital analysis based on videofluoroscopy can be used to quantify swallowing function effectively,and the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction can be used to evaluate the pharyngeal function before and after treatment.