Active tumor targeting drug delivery system( ATTDDS) can selectively combine with and react to the target tissue at the cellular or sub-cellular level, making it possible for drugs to be distributed in a controlled manner and released in a slow and continuous manner, subsequently resulting in enhanced anti-cancer drugs effects and reduced adverse effects on normal tissues. Although there are many problems need to be solved in research on ATTDDS, and there is still a long way to go before it can be used clinically, its roles in overcoming adverse effects of cancer treatment and improving the therapeutic effect are valuable. Generally, ATTDDS is an ideal anti-tumor drug dosage and has a promising prospect. This paper introduces the effects and characteristics of various types of ATTDDS as well as their problems and countermeasures, hoping to provide research ideas and methods for the anti-tumor targeted drug delivery.

To establish a rapid and accurate method for the determination of 34 chemical hypotensors which were illegally added into the blood pressure lowering class Chinese patent medicines (CPM) and the blood pressure regulating class health foods. The UPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The samples were extracted with methanol by ultrasonic processing and separated on a Waters Acquity BEH-C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with 0.1% formic acid methanol (A) and 0.1% formic acid water solution (B) as the mobile phase by gradient elution (0-5 min, 32% A; 5-8 min, 32%-50% A; 8-12 min, 50% A; 12-14 min, 50%-60% A; 14-16 min, 60%-80% A; 16-18 min, 80% A; 18-19 min, 80%-90% A; 19-20 min, 90%-100% A; 20-21 min, 100% A; and 21-22 min, 100%-32% A) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and the column temperature was 40℃. A positive-ion (ESI⁺) source and a MRM mode were used to separate and quantitatively determine the chemical hypotensors. The obtained molecular ions, fragment ions, and retention time for MRM channels were used to identify the 34 kinds of drugs by comparison with those of reference substances. The obtained peak areas were used to determine the accurate content of chemical hypotensors in the blood pressure lowering class CPM and the blood pressure regulating class health foods. A good resolution of 34 kinds of chemical drugs, including clonidine, captopril, yohimban-16-carboxylicacid, L-tyrosine, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, indapamide, minoxidil, hydralazine, atenolol, lisinopril, dibazole, metoprolol, bisoprolol, prazosin, terazosin, propranolol, enalapril, quinapril, benazepril, dilthiazem, doxazosin, nicardipine, nifedipine, amlodipine, nimodipine, felodipine, nitrendipine nisoldipine, valsartan, telmisartan, candesartan cilexetil, rbesartan, and olmesartan medoxomil was obtained under this UPLC and MS/MS condition. The limits of qualitative and quantitative were in the range of 0.1-0.5 and 0.3-1.5 ng/g. The standard addition recoveries were in the range of 81.4%-118.9%. The method is simple, accurate, and with high sensitivity, which can be used for the determination of illegally added chemical hypotensors in CPM and health foods.

OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy is the primary treatment in addition to surgery and radiotherapy in cancer therapy, and drug resistance of tumor cells remains a major obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. In present study, we aim to develop a novel drug delivery system, ie, doxorubicin (DOX) conjugated poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers was further decorated by hyaluronic acid (HA) (DOX-PAMAM-HA) to circumvent drug resistance in cancer cells. METHODS: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was performed to confirm the synthesis of the DOX-PAMAM-HA, its average size was analyzed by a dynamic light-scattering detector, and its morphological examination was performed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). To study the ability of DOXPAMAM-HA in overcome multi-drug resistance, the multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells) was used as model cell, and the confocal microscopy was utilized to observe the drug intracellular distribution, moreover, the hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) studies were employed to evaluate the tissue staining and toxicity. RESULTS: The drug delivery system DOX-PAMAM-HA was successfully synthesized, which is spherical particles with a average particle size of 323 nm. The uptake in MCF-7/ADR cells for DOXPAMAM-HA is higher than that of DOX solution, and DOX-PAMAM-HA maybe distribute mainly in the lysosome of the cells, which could increase the accumulation of DOX in its action target (nucleus). In contrast, DOX solution was mainly diffused in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Furthermore, less toxicity in heart and spleen induced by DOX-PAMAM-HA in comparing to that of DOX solution after intravenous administration for 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: DOX-PAMAM-HA is a prospect future nanodrug delivery system in overcoming drug-resistance of tumor cells.

Objective To probe the effect of c-fos gene on the pentyleneterazol-induced hippocampal neurons apoptosis.Methods Using immunohistochemistry,TUNEL and flow cytometry(FCM),we detected the Fos expression and the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons;we injected c-fos antisense into ventrile before epilepsy and detected as up.Results Epilepsy can induce the expression of Fos in the hippocampus and peaking at 1 h(P

Objective To discuss the influence of the holistic nursing careng on clinical value in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods 70 patients with pancreatic cancer were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing measures.The observation group received the holistic nursing careng on the basis of routine nursing measures.The hospitalization time,satisfaction degree,treatment compliance and mentality were observed.Results The SAS,SDS scores of the observation group after nursing were (56.87 ±6.01)points and (61.79 ±6.17)points,which were significantly lower than (39.11 ±5.68)points and (40.82 ±5.31)points of before nursing(t =9.136,8.561,all P <0.05).The hospi-talization time,exhaust time of the observation group were (32.9 ±6.6)days and (8.21 ±1.29)days,which were significantly lower than (45.1 ±10.2)days and (13.56 ±1.77)days of the control group(t =8.561,3.769,all P <0.05).The treatment satisfaction and treatment compliance in the observation group were also significantly better than the control group(χ2 =8.292,8.156,all P <0.05).Conclusion Hsystematic nursing intervention can significantly improve thepostoperative anxiety and depression,and improve the quality of life of patients with severe pneumonia.

Objective To discuss the influences of programmed death-1 (PD-1) factor on osteosarcoma cells MG-63.Methods Osteosarcoma stem cells were sovted and identified through osteosarcoma cell strain MG-63 cells.The influence of PD-1 signal on T cells proliferation were detected by MTT. The expression of PD-1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results Cancer cells had an obvious proliferation within one week, which showed the strong ability of proliferation and aggressivity.The formation of tumor cells spheres depended on the support of serum nutrition.The number of MG-63 cells proliferation in serum culture medium was significantly higher than the osteosarcoma cells spheres in serum-free suspension culture ( P<0.05 ) .Pluripotent stem cell marks that the expression of CD133 in cancer cell sphere was significantly higher than that of MG-63(P<0.05).RT-PCR results showed the PD-1 expression level of cancer cell sphere and MG-63 were increased significantly.Conclusion MG-63 cell line has the character istics of osteosarcoma stem cells.MG-63 cell line can express the corresponding cell markers.The expression of PD-1 also increase significantly which can reduce immune function of patients and is closely related with the occurrence and development of tumors.

Objective To explore effect of 5-HT,VEGF and mineral content in osteoporosis rat by Morinda officinalis.Methods 90 SPF male SD rats were selected, 15 rats were randomly selected as the normal control group, the rest were to establish the model of osteoporosis.When the model was established successfully according to the different treatment methods were divided into control group, model group, positive medicine group, low, middle and high does group.Bone mineral density, 5-HT, VEGF and the levels of the mineral were compared after 4 weeks treatment.Results Compared with the normal control group, BMD of model control group and low dose group was lower, Compared with the positive drug group, BMD of middle dose and high dose was higher ( P<0.05 ).Compared with model group,5-HT level of positive medicine group, high dose group and middle dose group was higher, compared with positive drug group, 5-HTP of middle dose group and high dose group was higher ( P <0.05 ).Compared with model group, positive drug group, VEGF levels of middle dose group and high dose group were higher(P <0.05), compared with positive drug group, VEGF of middle dose group and high dose group were higher(P<0.05), compared with model control group, positive drug group, serum P content of middle dose group was higher, compared with positive drug, serum P content of high dose group and high dose group was less.Conclusion Morindae Officinalis can increase 5-HT, VEGF in a rat model of osteoporosis, improve the level of serum P, has the guiding sense to the clinical.

Purpose: To confirm the therapeutic effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) on the experimental spinal cord injury. Method: Wistar rats were subjected to incomplete spinal cord injury using the modified Allen method. The effects were observed by means of neurologic scoring, quantitative enzyme histocytoehemistry、quantitative immunohistocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: 1) The treated group exhibited significantly higher scores than the control group. 2) Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity of anterior horn cells in the treated group was higher than that of the control group invarious time, and its activity restored to normal level two weeks after injury; Acid phosphatase(AePase) activity was lower than that of the control group in various time. and its activity restored to normal level four weeks after injury. The content of Nissl's bodies in anterior horn cells in the treated group was higher than that of the control goup one week after injury. 3)The number of axon in a certain area of spinal white matter in the treated group was more than that of the control group. 4)Ultrastructural observation showed that both the nerve tissue injury and the extent of hemorrhage were milder in the treated group than that of the control group. Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of TRH on the spinal cord injury" are shown not only in the improving recovery of motor function, but also in the morphology.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the conversion of resin monomer, the change of inorganic component and the influencing factors on the oxygen inhibition layer formed on the cured surface of resin cement. METHODS: Three kinds of resin cement were divided into three groups: (1) light-cured group: RelyX Veneer, NX3 (light-cured), Variolink N; (2) dual-cured group: RelyX U200 Automix, NX3 (dual-cured), Multilink Speed; (3) chemically-cured group, and the above 3 types of dual-cured resin cement cured without illumination could be used as chemically-cured resin cement. Each sample was provided with and without oxygen exposure of two matching surfaces, cured respectively, and the variables of light intensity and illumination time were set in the light-cured group and the dual-cured group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the samples' surface morphology. Energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analyze the samples' composition of surface elements. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the monomer conversion of resin cement and to obtain the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer. RESULTS: (1) On the surface of cured resin cement, the weight percentage of oxygen element in the aerobic side was higher than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05), and the weight percentage of inorganic element was lower than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05). (2) The surface monomer conversion of the cured resin cement on the aerobic surface was significantly lower than that on the anaerobic surface (P < 0.05), and the surface monomer conversion on the aerobic surface and the anaerobic surface was the lowest in the chemically-cured group (P < 0.05), the dual-cured group was the highest (P < 0.05), and the light-cured group was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the surface monomer conversion increased (P < 0.05). (3) The thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer was the thickest in the chemically-cured group [(40.27±2.81) μm](P < 0.05), the thinnest in the dual-cured group [(21.87±5.42) μm](P < 0.05) and light-cured group [(23.73±3.84) μm] was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of resin cement decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION When resin cement is exposed to oxygen, it will form an oxygen inhibition layer, its surface's inorganic filler is less, the surface monomer conversion is lower. The surface monomer conversion and the thickness of oxygen inhibition layer are affected by curing mode and illumination factors.
Materials Testing ; Oxygen ; Resin Cements