OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the construction of Chinese pharmaceutical profession associations. METHODS: We analyzed the current situation and problems existing in Chinese pharmaceutical profession association as well as the developmental experience of foreign pharmaceutical associations then put forward suggestions for the development of pharmaceutical profession associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The sound development of pharmaceutical profession associations calls for the cooperated efforts of government, profession association and pharmaceutical enterprises, meanwhile its function as bridge and tie between pharmaceutical enterprises and government should be brought into full play.

The anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations is an effective way of comprehensively evaluating the research capability and academic cultivation of doctoral students. It brings remarkable results in the quality control process of doctoral dissertations. However, the anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations also has some limitations. Unceasing development and improvement are needed in the practice, as well as continuous creation and exploration.

BACKGROUND: For spasticity and flaccidity after stroke are different between each other qualitatively,the treatments of them with acupuncture are various.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effective therapeutic methods for limb spasticity after stroke.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation based on patients.SETTING: Department of acupuncture and massage in a college of traditional Chinese medicine.PARTICIPANTS: All of the cases were originated from 57 in-patients collected from the ward of Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2002 to December 2003.METHODS: According to the admission sequence of patients,two groups were divided by the random number table. Muscle-region acupuncture was formed on the basis of joint needling( guan ci),relaxing needling( hui ci)and fire needling(fanzhen jie ci) and was used to treat 24 cases of spasticity of stroke. In addition,the control of 24 cases was designed treated by the points only on yangming meridian. The comparative observation on therapeutic effects was carried on with Ashworth and SIAS,the relevant evaluation methods on spasticity in modern rehabilitation medicine,and with isodynamic time-measuring method as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① SIAS integrals; ② Ashworth grades of spasticity; ③ Isodynamic time-measuring method.RESULTS: SIAS integrals before and after treatment were 6.98 ± 3.52,12.59 ± 3.36 in muscle region group,and 7. 12 ± 3.38,8.75 ± 3.42 in yangming group,indicating significant difference( P ＜ 0. 01). The differences were also significant in Ashworth analysis and quantitative evaluation with isodynamic time-measuring method on spasticity in two groups ( P＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Muscle region needling is a kind of method with definite therapeutic effect on spasticity after stroke in acupuncture and moxibustion.

MicroRNA (miRNA),an abundant class of small non-coding RNA,are abundant in the central nervous system where they play important roles in the neuronal development and plasticity.Moreover,the relationship between miRNA dysfunction and neurological diseases become more and more apparent.Recent studies show that the misregulated expression of miRNA out of control is closely related to the development of glioma.In this review we discussed the progress on the study of miRNA in Glioma.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoid on secretory otitis media(SOM)at acute period. Methods sixty two cases(65 ears) of SOM at acute period were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty one cases(32 ears) were treated with Dexamethasone and Cefuroxime Sodium, while the other thirty one (33 ears) were only treated with Cefuroxime Sodium. After 1 weeks therapy, the improvement in symptoms hearing was evaluated. Results There were significant difference in incidence rate of symptom and improvement rate of hearing between two groups( P ＜0.05). Conclusion Secretory otitis media at acute period could be obviously improved by glucocorticoid, which could also accelerate the absorption of middle ears hydrops and help the recovery of hearing.

AIM: To verify the protection of astragalus polysaecharide (APS) on H2O2 - stressed skin fibro-blasts. METHODS: A model of acute H2O2 stress in primary skin fibroblast was used at concentration of 0.5 mmol/L by 30 rain incubation. Dose responses of APS on cell survival was measured by MTI, cell death was evaluated by DAPI, and effect of APS on mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential and lysesome stabilization were measured by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: APS improved cell survival in a dose -dependent manner, starting at 0. 5 mg/L and with a maximum at 1 mg/L. Moreover, APS inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, protected mitechondrial morphology and stablized lysosomal membrane. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the existence, at the mitochondria-lysosome level, of a new pathway of apoptotic regulation by APS. This might constitute a new therapeutic target where oxidative stress and lysesomal impairment are involved.

The foundation of neonatal arrhythmia is the immature heart conduction system. Common causes include neonatal organic heart disease (infectious myocarditis, myocardial injury, and congenital heart disease); neonatal infectious diseases; neonatal asphyxia; electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, and drug overdose. According to different arrhythmia (premature constractions,paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia,chaotic atrial tachycardia,completely conduction block),the patients should be treated in different measures. Managements include original disease treatment, removal of incentives, add with anfi-arrhythmic drugs, and protection of myocardial.

ObjectiveTo master the condition of work environment and job satisfaction in Dongying district,as well as the relationship between them in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the morale of nurses and stable nursing position in this region. Methods760 clinical nurses of 5 hospitals of grade-two level in Dongying district were randomly selected.The survey was carried out with questionnaire. ResultsIn the aspect of work environment,the lowest score was the cultural sensitivity and practice control,in the aspect of job satisfaction,the most dissatisfying was the benefits.The impact factors of work environment included leadership and autonomy,internal work motivation,control of practice,work stress and doctor-nurse relationship.The personal factors affecting satisfaction included professional title,age,working years. ConclusionsIt is recommended to take effective measures to improve nursing work environment to improve job satisfaction degree of nurses.

The mechanism of drug resistance of refractory epilepsy has remained unclear.In recent years,studies have shown that the multi-drug resistance associated protein(MRP) is related with refractory epilepsy.The mechanism responsible for the drug resistance may have something to do with the higher expression of MRP1 mRNA in brain tissues of refractory epilepsy patients.Through the use of drugs in cells to cells from the pump,it can reduce the drug concentration in brain and make the creation bears the medicine and inhibitors specific for MRP,which can significantly improve the effect of some antiepileptic drugs.Thus,further studies may provide new ways for the treatment of refractory epilepsy and find targets for new antiepileptic drugs.

Objective To explore the reason of incidence of thrombophlebitis in lung cancer patients undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in order to seek appropriate nursing measures. Methods Reason analysis for incidence of thrombophlebitis in lung cancer patients undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter was carried out from August 2002 to June 2005. Results Blood stasis, vacular endangium injury by repeated puncture and uncorrect tube-sealing technique could cause thrombophlebitis. Conclusions Thrombophlebitis of lung cancer patients after PICC should not be ignored. We should give effect measures to prevent its occurrence.