OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the construction of Chinese pharmaceutical profession associations. METHODS: We analyzed the current situation and problems existing in Chinese pharmaceutical profession association as well as the developmental experience of foreign pharmaceutical associations then put forward suggestions for the development of pharmaceutical profession associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The sound development of pharmaceutical profession associations calls for the cooperated efforts of government, profession association and pharmaceutical enterprises, meanwhile its function as bridge and tie between pharmaceutical enterprises and government should be brought into full play.

Excitatory Amino Acids ; secretion ; Humans ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; secretion ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; toxicity ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology

Arthralgia ; etiology ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology

Humans ; Pulpitis ; diagnosis

Chronic Disease ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Periapical Abscess ; pathology ; Periapical Granuloma ; pathology ; Periapical Periodontitis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Problem Solving ; Prognosis ; Radicular Cyst ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

BACKGROUND: For spasticity and flaccidity after stroke are different between each other qualitatively,the treatments of them with acupuncture are various.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effective therapeutic methods for limb spasticity after stroke.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation based on patients.SETTING: Department of acupuncture and massage in a college of traditional Chinese medicine.PARTICIPANTS: All of the cases were originated from 57 in-patients collected from the ward of Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2002 to December 2003.METHODS: According to the admission sequence of patients,two groups were divided by the random number table. Muscle-region acupuncture was formed on the basis of joint needling( guan ci),relaxing needling( hui ci)and fire needling(fanzhen jie ci) and was used to treat 24 cases of spasticity of stroke. In addition,the control of 24 cases was designed treated by the points only on yangming meridian. The comparative observation on therapeutic effects was carried on with Ashworth and SIAS,the relevant evaluation methods on spasticity in modern rehabilitation medicine,and with isodynamic time-measuring method as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① SIAS integrals; ② Ashworth grades of spasticity; ③ Isodynamic time-measuring method.RESULTS: SIAS integrals before and after treatment were 6.98 ± 3.52,12.59 ± 3.36 in muscle region group,and 7. 12 ± 3.38,8.75 ± 3.42 in yangming group,indicating significant difference( P ＜ 0. 01). The differences were also significant in Ashworth analysis and quantitative evaluation with isodynamic time-measuring method on spasticity in two groups ( P＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Muscle region needling is a kind of method with definite therapeutic effect on spasticity after stroke in acupuncture and moxibustion.

The anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations is an effective way of comprehensively evaluating the research capability and academic cultivation of doctoral students. It brings remarkable results in the quality control process of doctoral dissertations. However, the anonymous review system for doctoral dissertations also has some limitations. Unceasing development and improvement are needed in the practice, as well as continuous creation and exploration.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of carbomer eye gel combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops on the treatment of dry eye. ·METHODS:Totally 120 dry eye patients(240 eyes) were randomly divided into the observation group ( n = 60 cases) and the control group ( n=60 cases) . Two groups were given the polyethylene glycol eye drops. On the basis of this, the observation group were given the carbomer eye gel. The course of treatment was 1mo. The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, eye symptom score [ ocular surface disease index ( OSDI ) , break-up time ( BUT ) , Schirmer Ⅰ test ( SⅠt ) , corneal fluorescein staining ( FL) ] , efficacy and adverse reactions in two groups were compared. ·RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, OSDI and FL in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment and BUT and SⅠT were significantly higher than those before treatment, showing statistically significant differences ( P< 0. 05 ). Moreover, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, OSDI, BUT, SⅠT, FL in the observation group were improved better than those in the control group ( P<0. 05 ). The total effective rate of the control group was significantly lower than that of the observation group, indicating statistically significant difference (x2=5. 065, P=0. 024). There were no ocular symptoms and drug intolerance in two groups. · CONCLUSION: Carbomer eye gel combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops has obvious curative effect on dry eye, which is better than that treated by polyethylene glycol eye drops, and this combination does not increase the adverse reactions.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Anmian [Extra, locates at the midpoint between Yiming (EX-HN 14) and Fengchi (GB 20)] for primary insomnia. Methods: A total of 112 patients with primary insomnia were randomized into an acupuncture group and a medication group according to the visiting sequence, 56 cases in each group. The acupuncture group was intervened by acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Anmian [Extra, locates at the midpoint between Yiming (EX-HN 14) and Fengchi (GB 20)], and points selected based on syndrome differentiation, while the medication group was by oral intake of zopiclone tablet. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was measured before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was compared after 1 month of treatment. Results: After treatment, subscales of PSQI and global score in the acupuncture group were improved, and intra-group comparisons showed statistical differences (all P<0.05); subscales of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and global score of PSQI in the medication group were improved, showing statistical differences (all P<0.05). Inter-group comparison of global and subscales scores of PSQI showed statistical differences (all P<0.05). The total effective rate in the acupuncture group was 92.9%, higher than 67.9% in the medication group, and between-group comparison showed a statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Anmian [Extra, locates at the midpoint between Yiming (EX-HN 14) and Fengchi (GB 20)] as the main treatment method can produce a better effect than oral intake of zopiclone tablet.