Objective To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relation with the prognosis of patient. Methods MMP 1,MMP 2,MMP 9 and TIMP 2 in human HCC tissue and HCC cell line were measured and quantified with immunohistochemistry, Northern blot hybridization and image analysis. Results MMP 1,MMP 2 and MMP 9 were localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The 5 years survival rate were markedly higher in the cases of MMP 1 negative, MMP 9 negative, both MMP 1 and MMP 2 negative or both MMP 1 and MMP 9 negative staining than that of the positive cases ( P

Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver ; enzymology ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; enzymology ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on the expression and activity regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC).

METHODSThe expression of MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) in cultured rat HSC under hypoxic or hyperoxic conditions were detected with immunocytochemistry (LSAB method), the contents of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in culture supernatant with ELISA and the activity of MMP-2 in supernatant with zymography.

RESULTS(1) In the situation of hypoxia for 12 h, the expression of MMP-2 increased (hypoxia group positive indexes: 5.7 +/- 2.0; control: 3.2 +/- 1.0; P < 0.01), while TIMP-2 decreased (hypoxia group positive indexes: 2.5 +/- 0.7; control: 3.6 +/- 1.0; P < 0.05) in HSC, and the activity of MMP-2 in supernatant declined obviously (hypoxia group: 7.334 +/- 1.922; control: 17.277 +/- 7.424; P < 0.01). At the different time courses of hypoxia, the change of expression and activity of MMP-2 was most notable at 6 h. (2) In the situation of hyperoxia for 12 h, the protein contents of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in supernatant were both higher than those of the control, especially the TIMP-2 (hyperoxia group A(450): 0.050 +/- 0.014; control: 0.022 +/- 0.010; P < 0.01), and so was the activity of MMP-2 (hyperoxia group total A: 5.252 +/- 0.771; control: 4.304 +/- 1.083; P < 0.05). The expression of MT1-MMP was also increased.

CONCLUSIONSThe HSC is sensitive to the oxygen. Hypoxia accelerates the expression of MMP-2 and the effect is more marked at the early stage. Hyperoxia increases the activity of MMP-2.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; physiology ; Hyperoxia ; enzymology ; Liver ; cytology ; enzymology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; analysis

Objective:To understand the current situation of nurses in 52 hospitals in China on mastery of knowledge about skin injury in the elderly based on the background of mixed-mode homogenization training.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 1 067 nurses from 52 hospitals in China were selected as the research objects in January 2021. A self-designed questionnaire on knowledge of skin injury in the elderly was used to investigate the nurses through the questionnaire star and univariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. A total of 1 067 questionnaires were distributed and 1 067 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100%.Results:The knowledge scores of pressure injury, incontinence-associated dermatitis, skin tear and xerosis cutis among 1067 nurses were (95.66±7.37) , (95.65±9.15) , (91.37±15.45) and (87.67±15.91) , respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that hospital grade was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge score of pressure injury, skin tear and incontinence-associated dermatitis ( P<0.05) , educational background was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge score of skin tear ( P<0.05) , professional title was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge scores of pressure injury, incontinence-associated dermatitis and xerosis cutis ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Hospitals at all levels need to strengthen the theoretical and practical knowledge training for nurses on skin xerosis and skin tear in the elderly, especially for nurses with primary titles and lower education in grassroots hospitals.