Objective To evaluate the role of P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglion in development of incisional pain in rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 8 each): control group(group C),incisional pain(group IP)and P2X3 receptor antagonist + IP group(group A).In group IP and A,a 1 cm longitudinal incision was made in the plantar surface of left hindpaw according to the method described by Brennan et al.in isoflurane-anesthetized rats.P2X3 receptor antagonist TNP-ATP 200 nmol was injected into the plantar surface of left hindpaw 30 min after plantar incision was made in group A,while equal volume of normal saline was given instead of TNP-ATP in group C and IP.The behavior of the hindpaw of the rats were assessed using cumulative pain score within 1 h after injection.The animals were sacri ficed 2 h after injection and the dorsal root ganglion was removed for determination of P2X3 receptor expression and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.ResultsThe cumulative pain scores,P2X3 receptor expression and Ca2 + concentrations were significantly higher in group IP and A than in group C(P ＜ 0.05).The cumulative pain scores,P2X3 receptor expression and Ca2+ concentrations were significantly lower in group A than in group IP(P ＜0.05).Conclusion P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglion is involved in the development of incisional pain through increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in rats.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of atherosclerosis in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) combined with low diastolic blood pressure and risk factors related to low diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Methods A total of 447 elderly patients with untreated ISH were divided into the low DBP (DBP＜70 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) group (n=206) and the non-low DBP (DBP＞ 70 mmHg) group (n=241) according the DBP level.Clinical data including brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), carotid artery ultrasonography, blood lipids, blood glucose, plasma homocysteine were collected and determined.baPWV, carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and the incidence of carotid plaques were compared between the two groups.Risk factors for low DBP were analyzed.Results There were no significant difference in systolic pressure levels between the low DBP group and the non-low DBP group [(160.8±10.1) mmHg vs.(161.1-±-10.9) mmHg, P＞0.05].Pulse pressure, baPWV levels, IMT and the incidence of carotid artery plaque were higher in the low DBP group than in the non-low DBP group [(98.4 ±11.7) vs.(77.4±12.0) mmHg, (1 785.3±175.0) vs.(1 436.5±114.4), (1.2±0.2) mm vs.(1.1±0.3)mm and 78.2％ (161/206) vs.67.2％ (162/241), each P＜0.05].Stepwise logistic analysis showed that age, gender (female) and diabetes were independent risk factors for low DBP (OR=1.62, 2.07, 1.38, all P＜0.05).Conclusions Atherosclerosis is more serious in elderly patents with ISH combined with low diastolic blood pressure than those without low DBP.Age, gender (female) and diabetes are independent risk factors for low DBP.

Objective To discuss the risk factors and nursing intervention of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection in patients of traditional Chinese medicine hospital (TCM). Methods By investigating the patients admitted to Beijing Xuan Wu Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine from June 2015 to June 2016, 756 patients of them who were confirmed with clinical diagnosis of infection and pathogen detection with positive, which were divided into MDRO group including 97cases and non-MDRO group including 659 cases, then the pathogens of MRDO infection species and distributionwere counted, and analyzed risk factors for infection. Results A total of 756 cases were detected positive strains 816 strains, including 611 strains of monitoring target strains, 116 strains of MRDO. The top three were methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aurous 30.17%(35/116), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18.97% (22/116) and Klebsiella pneumonia 18.10% (21/116). Single factor analysis results showed that the patients' age, hospitalization days, the history of other hospital admission, invasive procedure, basic chronic disease (diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, lung disease) and combined use of antibiotics were MDRO infection risk factors (χ2=9.470-198.609, P < 0.01); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of MDRO infection were the history of other hospital admission (OR=2.085, 95%CI1.040-4.179), invasive procedure (OR=3.063,95% CI1.526- 6.150), diabetes (OR=2.037,95% CI1.070- 3.877), cerebrovascular disease (OR=4.349,95%CI 2.035-9.293)and combined use of antibiotics (OR=18.723,95% CI9.202-38.094). Conclusions Patients of TCM have many characteristics, such as with more basic diseases, longer length of stay, elder and so on. So we should be alert to the risk of MDRO infection and take nursing interventions to prevent and strengthen the isolation prevention.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 17β estradiol pretreatment on inflammatory responses during propofol-induced apoptosis in hippocampal nerve cells of developing rats.Methods Thirty-nine pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing 11-18 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =13 each) using a random number table:fat emulsion group (group F),propofol group (group P) and propofol plus 17β estradiol group (group P+E).Propofol 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once every 24 h for 7 consecutive days in group P,and the equal volume of fat emulsion was given instead in group F.In group P+E,17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected,and 30 min later propofol 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once every 24 h for 7 consecutive days.The rats were sacrificed at 24 h after the last injection,the brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of activated caspase-3 expression (using Western blot) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) contents (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Results The levels of activated caspase-3,IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampi were significantly higher in group P than in group F (P＜ 0.05).The levels of activated caspase-3,IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampi were significantly lower in group P+E than in group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which 17β estradiol pretreatment inhibits propofol-induced apoptosis in hippocampal nerve cells is related to inhibition of inflammatory responses of developing rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate effects of anisodamine on myocardial caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression following overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:group control (group C,n =8) ; group exhausting swim (group ES,n =24) and group anisodamine (group AD,n =16).The animal model of overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury was developed by exhausting swim The animals were forced to swim until they were exhausted.The animals sank to the bottom and no righting reflex or escape response was elicited when they were taken out of water in groups ES and AD.In group AD anisodamine 10 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally 20 min before overtraining.Blood samples were taken from inferior vena cava immediately (T1) and at 6 and 24 h after overtraining (T2,T3 ) in group ES and at T2,T3 in group AD for determination of serum cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI) concentration (by ELISA).The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and determination of caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression (by immuno-histochemistry).ResultsOvertraining significantly increased serum cTnI concentration and up-regulated myocardial caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression in group ES as compared with group C.Anisodamine significantly attenuated overtraining-induced increase in serum cTnI concentration and myocardial caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression in group AD as compared with group ES.ConclusionAnisodamine can reduce overtraining-induced acute myocardial injury by down-regulating caspase-1 and interleukin-18 expression.

Objective To study the effect and safety of ticagrelor on platelet in ＞75 years old patients undergoing PCI.Methods One hundred and twenty ＞75 years old patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI were randomly divided into observation group treated with aspirin+ticagrelor (n =60) and control group treated with aspirin+ clopidogrel (n =60).They were followed up for 1 year after PCI.The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE),bleeding events,drug-related side effects and all-cause mortality were compared between the two groups.Results No instent thrombosis occurred in any patients,myocardial infarction occurred in 2 patients,angina pectoris occurred in 5 patients and 3 patients died in observation group after 1 year of PCI.Instent thrombosis occurred in 4 patients,myocardial infarction occurred in 3 patients,angina pectoris occurred in 6 patients,and 4 patients died in control group after 1 year of PCI.The incidence of instent thrombosis was significantly lower while that of mild dyspnea was significantly higher in observation group than in control group (0％ vs 6.7％,10.0％ vs 0％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Ticagrelor can effectively prevent instent thrombosis and does not increase the risk of bleeding in ＞75 years old patients after PCI.