[Objective]To investigate the discrepancy on biological characteristics of different subculture osteoblasts in vitro.[Methods] Compare the morphology,AKP activities and mineralization nodules of 1,3,5,7 and 9 subculture osteoblasts,and make statistic of the result.[Results] There was no discrepancy within 1,3 and 5 subculture osteoblasts,but the 7,9 subculture was significantly worse than subculture 1 in the morphology,AKP activities and mineralization nodules.[Conclusion] The osteoblasts within 5 subculture were suitable for experiment in vitro.

Objective:To prepare the monoclonal antibodies against chicken CARP.Methods:The chicken CARP cDNA encoding the N-terminal 110aa length of encoding region was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28b.The BALB/c mice were immunized with purified the recombinant protein,spleen cells of mouse were fused with SP2/0,and the positive clones were screened by indirect ELISA.The properties of McAb were analyzed by ELISA and Western blot.Results:Two hybridomas were proved to have the capability of stably secreting McAb against chicken CARP,designated as 4A8 and 4E6,the subtype of both was IgG1,and the light chain was ?.The titers of ascites were 3.2?104 and 1.28?105 respectively.The Western blot results suggested that they could recognize chicken CARP protein.Conclusion:Two murine hybridomas secreting anti-chicken CARP McAbs have been successfully obtained.

Objective To investigate the effects of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neuro transmitter on the frequency and strength of the automatic contractility of detrusor strip. Methods Cystometry was performed to observe the occurance of detrusor instability (DI) after 6 weeks of Wistar rats LUT. Then the rats were sacrified and their detrusors were made into strips to observe the effect of NANC vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and adenosine triphoate(ATP) on the frequency and the strength of automatic contractility. Results The occurrence rate of DI was 62% after 6 weeks of obstruction of LUT; VIP and ATP could significantly inhibit the automatic contraction ability of detrusor strip, decreasing the frequency and the strength of the automatic contraction of detrusor ( P 0.05). Conclusions VIP and ATP can significantly inhibit the frequency and strength of the automatic contractibility of normal and obstructive detrusor.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the inhibiting effects of mitomycin C（MMC） on fibroblasts of human pterygium （HPF） in vitro．MethodsThe fibroblasts derived from the 5 th to 8 th generation of the cultured tissues in human pterygium．These fibroblasts were exposed to culture plates with MMC at 6 gradient concentrations，adjusting the concentration value of the culture medium to 105，104，103，102，10 and 1 μg/L．The cells had been treated with PBS in the control group．After 48 h of incubation，the absorbency had been determined individually by MTT［3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide］ method.The inhibitory rates were calculated accordingly．All the data were analyzed with student t test and linear regression．ResultsThe extensive breakage of fibroblasts was observed．There was a statistical difference between the tested group and control group in absorbency (P＜0.05)，especially at the concentrations of more than 100 μg/L (P＜0.01)．The degree of growth inhibition increased with exposure of cells to MMC over 48 h．It showed that there is a positive correlation between the doses of MMC and the antiproliferative effects on HPF．ConclusionMMC significantly inhibites the proliferation of HPF in a dose-dependent manner．

Objective To detected the motor cortex reorganization and compared the influence on reorganization process as regard to different transfer modes of contralateral seventh cervical nerve root (C7)in young rats model of total brachial plexus root avulsion. Methods The young Sprague-Dawley rats model of total brachial plexus root avulsion was established. The left radix dorsalis and radix ventralis from the fifth cervical nerve root (C5) to the first thoracic nerve root (T1)were exposed and the roots from C5 to T1 were avulsed from the spinal cord. Then, the contralateral C7 transfer operation was performed. Three different operative modes were applied randomly which included contralateral C7 transference to anterior division of the upper trunk (group A, n=30), to both musculocutaneous and median nerves (group B, n=30), or to median nerve (group C, n=30). The movement evocation of motor cortex was measured by intracortical microstimula-tion in both hemispheres, and functional reorganization was assessed dynamically in 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after operation. Results After contralateral C7 transference, the ipsilateral motor cortex initially acti- vated the injured limb at 1.5 month, and subsequently the motor cortex of both hemispheres activated the in-jured limb at the 3rd and 6th month. The injured limb was activated mainly by the contralateral motor cortex in group A at the 9th month. The contralateral motor cortex exclusively controlled the injured limb in all three groups at the 12th month after the operation. Meanwhile, the extent of functional reorganization was better in group B than that of group C. Conclusion After contralateral C7 transfer operation, motor cortex in charging injured limb developed a transhemispheric functional reorganization in young rats with total brachial plexus root avulsion. Different operative modes contributed to the functional reorganization of motor cortex. Transferring contralateral C7 to anterior division of the upper trunk or to both musculocutaneous and median nerves provided better functional reorganization than to median nerve.

Objective To undenstand the effects of performing the project of water and environmental sanitation (WES) on the environmental sanitation in countryside. Methods In the WES project-performed counties, the densities of fly and maggot, and the odor complains in household latrines were investigated, the status of peasants' hygienic knowledge and personal sanitary behavior and habits, and satisfaction at the sanitary latrines were investigated by means of a unified questionaire in 8 latrine-improved villages and one latrine-unimproved village (control village). Results The densities of fly and maggot and the oder complains in household improved latrines were all significantly lower than those in control household latrines. In the WES project-performed villages, higher levels of hygienic knowledge, better sanitary behavior and habit were observed in peasants compared with those in control village. 94.0% of the peasants in latrine-improved households satisfied the sanitary latrines. Conclusion Performance of WES project rose the whole level of the environmental sanitation in rural area.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the nerve grafting and nerve transfer (neurotization) in the treatment of early obstetrical brachial plexus palsy(OBPP). Methods 48 cases with TassinⅡ-Ⅳ lesion who had no any recovery of elbow flexion, the brachial plexus were explored from 3 to 14 months after birth. The method of nerve repair depended on findings during operation. For the traumatic neuroma, it should be resected and the defect be repaired by nerve grafting with neurotization; the root avulsion was repaired by neurotization; neurolysis was only performed to those plexus that looked nearly normal and had a positive reaction of neurophysiology as tested intra-operatively. The reconstructive procedures included: C5→upper trunk, accessory →supraspinal nerve (2 cases); C5,6→the posterior and the anterior division of the upper trunk respectively, accessory →supraspinal nerve (25 cases); C5,6→the posterior and anterior divisions of the upper trunk respectively, C7→middle trunk, accessory →supraspinal nerve (4 cases); C5→posterior cord, C6→lateral cord, accessory →supraspinal nerve (5 cases); C5→anterior division of the upper trunk, C6→C8, accessory →supraspinal nerve (1 case); C5-7→the posterior, lateral and medial cords respectively, accessory →supraspinal nerve (4 cases); C5→upper trunk, C6→lower trunk (or medial cord), accessory →supraspinal nerve (2 cases); C5,6→the lateral and medial cords respectively, accessory →supraspinal nerve (3 cases); neurolysis (2 cases). Results All the patients were available at follow-up at least for 36 months, who were studied according to both of the Gilberts shoulder and elbow rating system and the Raimondis hand scale system. The score of shoulder, elbow, and hand in 13 cases with Tassin Ⅱ lesion improved from preoperative 0.54, 1.92 and 3.23 to postoperative 3.77, 4.92 and 4.31 respectively; 11 cases with Tassin Ⅲ rose from 0.46, 1.82 and 1.91 to 3.27, 4.18 and 3.64, and 24 cases with Tassin Ⅳ had an elevation from 0.25, 1.25 and 0.33 to 2.92, 3.46 and 2.83. The medial rotation contracture of the shoulder without subluxation and dislocation was found in 7 cases(14.6%) in the process of recovery. Conclusion The resection of the traumatic neuroma combined with nerve grafting and neurotization is really effective in the treatment of early OBPP.

Objective To investigate the effect of nerve grafting to enzyme histochemical changes on neurons after brachinal plexus nerve in jury in young rats. Methods Model of C5 resection was set up in 24 18-day-old SD rats. Experimental animals were divided in to two groups, one group for C5 resection, another for nerve grafting in repairing the C5 defection. At 4 weeks postoperatively, cholinesterase (CHE) and acidphosphatase (ACP) histochemical stain of neurons in C5 anterior horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were detected. Results Compared with C5 resection group, bio-activity of CHE of C5 repairing group was statistically higher, and that of ACP was statistically lower. Conclusion Nerve grafting has protective effect on survival of neurons after brachial plexus nerve injury in young rats.

Objective To investigate the difference of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor content of proximal neurons after nerve grafting was used to reconstruct C5 root in young rats.Methods Model of C5 resection was set up in 12 18-day-old SD rats.Experimental animals were divided in to two groups, one group for C5 resection, another for nerve grafting to reconstruct the C5 defection.At 4 weeks postoperatively, the immunohistochemical staining was performed and the number of GDNF and GFRa1 immunohistochemical positive neurons were calculated respectively.Results The number of GDNF positive neurons in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of C5 repairing group was 786.3 ± 176.84 and 2997.0 ±357.99, and that of C5 resection group was 335.0 ± 49.50 and 1632.0 ± 305.55.On the other hand, the number of GFRa1 positive neurons in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of C5 repairing group was 787.5 ±178.55 and 3111.0 ± 445.72, that of the other group was 397.3 ± 41.78 and 1588.3 ± 229.00.The statistical analysis result showed GDNF and GFR immunohistochemical positive neurons in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of C5 repairing group was statistically more than that of C5 resection group(P < 0.01 ).Conclusion The neuronal protective effect of nerve grafting after reconstructing brachial plexus nerve injury in young rats may be attributed to the increase of GDNF and its receptor GFRa1 content of proximal neuron.