Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.Methods A systematic review of the literature about neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery was performed with searching Pubmed,Cochrane library,Medline,and Embase database from January 1990 to January 2015.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the data were extracted and analyzed by Revman 5.3 system software Meta.Results Ten controlled clinical studies were concluded,including 1 543 patients (667 in preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and 876 in radical surgery).The extracted data were comparable.Meta-analysis results displayed that significant difference existed in five-year disease-free survival,node-positive rate,vascular invasion rate,and parametrial infiltration rate.It seemed that the preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy was prior to the radical surgery in those items.There was no significant difference between the preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery in five year survival,intraoperative complication,the positive surgical margin rate,and five-year survival rates among different chemotherapy peers (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions For locally advanced cervical cancer patients,neoadjuvant chemotherapy can reduce the incidence of high-risk pathology,but had no significant effect on the long-term survival of patients.