Video-based intelligent action recognition remains challenging in the field of computer vision.The review analyzes the state-of-the-art methods of video-based intelligent action recognition,including machine learning methods with handcrafted features,deep learning methods with automatically extracted features,and multi-information fusion methods.In addition,the important medical applications and limitations of these technologies in the past decade are introduced,and the interdisciplinary views on the future application to improve human health are also shared.

Objective To establish and evaluate a rapid detection method for SARS-CoV-2 based on reverse transcriptase-recombinase aided amplification(RT-RAA)combined with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas12a system.Methods RT-RAA primers and CRISPR-derived RNA(crRNA)were designed based on the nucleocapsid(N)gene of SARS-CoV-2 from NCBI database.The detection system was optimized with magnesium acetate(MgAc)concentration,RT-RAA reaction tempera-ture and time and LbCas12a reaction temperature.The sensitivity and specificity of the method were evaluated using recombinant plas-mids(100-106 copies/μL)and other respiratory pathogens.The RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method was compared with RT-PCR by tes-ting 70 clinical samples in parallel.Results The optimized RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 within 50 min at 37 ℃.The limit of detection was 10 copies/μL for the fluorescence-based method and 1×102 copies/μL for the lateral flow assay.The method specifically detected SARS-CoV-2 without cross-reactivity to other respiratory pathogens.The results of testing 70 clinical samples using RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a showed agreement of 100％with those of RT-PCR.Conclusion The established RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection is rapid,cost-effective,highly sensitive and specific.It can be performed by less experienced personnel and no expensive equipment is required,thus it may provide a new approach for rapid clinical diagnosis and large-scale on-site screening of SARS-CoV-2.

Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded self-assembling nano-micelles (PTX/NMs) were prepared based on amphiphilic cholesterol-bearing γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA-graft-CH). The properties of PTX/NMs and were investigated. The results indicated that PTX could be entrapped in -PGA-graft-CH NMs. PTX/NMs was characterized with a size of (343.5 ± 7.3) nm, drug loading content of 26.9% ± 0.8% and entrapment efficiency of 88.6% ± 1.7% at the optimized drug/carrier ratio of 1/10, and showed a pH-sensitive sustainable drug-release and less cytotoxicity . release and the pharmacokinetics study in mice showed that the elimination half-life ( ) and area under curve (AUC) of PTX/NMs were significantly higher than those of PTX/polyoxyethylene castor oil (PTX/PCO), and less clearance (CL) of PTX/NMs was also observed. PTX/NMs were distributed higher in liver and tumor than PTX/PCO, and showed a good tumor-inhibiting activity in tumor-bearing mice. This study would lay a foundation on the potential application of -PGA-graft-CH NMs were the antitumor drug-delivery.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of chrysin and chloroquine(CQ) on the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Ovarian cancer specimens and normal ovarian specimens were selected after surgical resection and immunohistochemical experimental methods was used to detect the expression level of autophagy-related protein LC3 in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell SKOV3. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of LC3 in SKOV3 cells. An electron microscope was used to detect the number of autophagosomes in SKOV3 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect SKOV3 cell apoptosis. Results: The expression level of LC3 in ovarian cancer was higher than that in normal ovarian tissues. SKOV3 cells were treated with chrysin at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μmol/L for 24 hours. As the concentration increased, cell proliferation decreased significantly. Compared with the control group, 40 μmol/L, chrysin significantly up-regulated the expression of LC3 after 24 hours(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, after 24 hours of SKOV3 cells treated with chrysanthemum, more autophagosomes were observed under transmission electron microscope(P<0.05), but no autophagosome was observed in the control group. When chrysin and chloroquine were used in combination for 24 hours, the expression of LC3 protein in the combined treatment group was higher than that in the chrysin and CQ treatment group(P<0.05). Chrysin could obviously induce apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, and the group of Chrysin+CQ showed the highest proportion of apoptosis(P<0.05). Conclusion Chrysin can induce autophagy to inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and promote apoptosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate curative effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients by the transfusion of other convalescent plasma. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 18 patients with severe and critical COVID-19, who were hospitalized in the ICU of Xianghu Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from February 1 to March 15, 2020. Patients were subdivided into an experimental group (=6, who had transfused the plasma) and an observation group (=12, who had no plasma transfusion). Basic clinical data and prognosis indexes of these two groups were compared. Moreover, for the experimental group, the dynamic changes of blood oxygen saturation before and after the transfusion, the changes of lymphocyte absolute value 48 hours after the transfusion, and the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, blood type and other basic clinical data between the two groups (all >0.05).There were no significant differences in ventilator machine weaning time, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) weaning time, body temperature recovery to normal time, and hospitalization days between these two groups (all >0.05). For the experimental group, before, during and after the convalescent plasma transfusion, the blood oxygen saturation of all 6 patients at all time (1, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h) was more than 90%, and there was no significant fluctuation. There were 3 patients whose absolute value of lymphocyte was increased 48 hours after the transfusion, and the remaining was decreased. There were 5 patients whose SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection turned negative 48 hours after the transfusion, accounting for 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion of convalescent plasma will not affect outcomesof COVID-19 patients, which can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in patients and reduce the loading capacity of SARS-CoV-2.
Betacoronavirus ; Blood Component Transfusion ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Pandemics ; Plasma ; Pneumonia, Viral ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment. However, single immunotherapy only works well in a small subset of patients. Combined immunotherapy with antitumor synergism holds considerable potential to boost the therapeutic outcome. Nevertheless, the synergistic, additive or antagonistic antitumor effects of combined immunotherapies have been rarely explored. Herein, we established a novel combined cancer treatment modality by synergizing p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were fabricated by coating M1 macrophage-derived EVs on the surface of the nano-complex cores assembled with siRNA against PAK4 and a photoactivatable polyethyleneimine. The engineered EVs induced potent PAK4 silencing and robust immunogenic phototherapy, thus contributing to effective antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the antitumor synergism of the combined treatment was quantitatively determined by the CompuSyn method. The combination index (CI) and isobologram results confirmed that there was an antitumor synergism for the combined treatment. Furthermore, the dose reduction index (DRI) showed favorable dose reduction, revealing lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility of the engineered EVs. Collectively, the study presents a synergistically potentiated cancer treatment modality by combining PAK4 silencing with immunogenic phototherapy in engineered EVs, which is promising for boosting the therapeutic outcome of cancer immunotherapy.