Objective To examine the relationship between quetiapine serum concentration,dose,therapeu-tic efficacy and side effects in male patients with schizophrenia.Methods Sixty-three male patients with schizo-phrenia were collected.They were treated openly for 8 weeks with quetiapine,the dose was adjusted according to clini-cal improvement and tolerance.The plasma quetiapine concentrations,therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions were observed after the 4 -week treatment period,and at the end of the 8 weeks of the treatment.Results After 4 weeks,the serum concentration had significant correlation with age,the disease duration and education level.After 8 weeks,there was significant correlation between serum concentration and age.We found a correlation between dose and serum concentration of quetiapine,and no relationship between serum concentration and PANSS scores.Side effects were correlated with 4 weeks′serum concentrations.Conclusion Quetiapine is effective for male patients with schizophrenia.Age,quetiapine dose and side effects have significant correlations with the serum concentration.It appears that plasma quetiapine concentration has no effects on therapeutic efficacy.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy of epinephrine in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP).Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on epinephrine for preventing PEP from inception to October 10, 2020 were searched in databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VIP Information Network, China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,and clinical trial registration platforms including ClinicalTrials.gov,WHO International Clinical Trial Registration Platform. Literature was screened independently by two reviewers, data were extracted and the risk of bias of included studies were assessed. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3.Results:A total of 410 papers were retrieved and 8 RCTs involving 4 208 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the saline group, the epinephrine could reduce the incidence of PEP ( RR=0.29,95% CI:0.16-0.50, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the therapeutic effect between group epinephrine and group indomethacin ( RR=0.17,95% CI:0.02-1.39, P=0.100) or group indomethacin combined with epinephrine and group indomethacin ( RR=1.15,95% CI:0.61-2.16, P=0.670). Conclusion:Local spraying of epinephrine on the duodenal papilla can reduce the incidence of PEP compared with normal saline. But the epinephrine or combination of indomethacin and epinephrine fails to reveal any benefit over indomethacin alone in preventing PEP.

Alveolar bone is an important anatomic basis for implant-supported denture restoration, and its different degrees of defects determine the choices of bone augmentation surgeries. Therefore, the reconstruction of alveolar bone defects is an important technology in the clinical practice of implant restoration. However, the final reconstructive effect of bone quality, bone quantity and bone morphology is affected by many factors. Clinicians need to master the standardized diagnosis and treatment principles and methods to improve the treatment effect and achieve the goal of both aesthetic and functional reconstruction of both jaws. Based on the current clinical experience of domestic experts and the relevant academic guidelines of foreign counterparts, this expert consensus systematically and comprehensively summarized the augmentation strategies of alveolar bone defects from two aspects: the classification of alveolar bone defects and the appropriate selection of bone augmentation surgeries. The following consensus are reached: alveolar bone defects can be divided into five types (Ⅰ-0, Ⅰ-Ⅰ, Ⅱ-0, Ⅱ-Ⅰ and Ⅱ-Ⅱ) according to the relationship between alveolar bone defects and the expected position of dental implants. A typeⅠ-0 bone defect is a bone defect on one side of the alveolar bone that does not exceed 50% of the expected implant length, and there is no obvious defect on the other side; guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant implantation is preferred. Type Ⅰ-Ⅰ bone defects refer to bone defects on both sides of alveolar bone those do not exceed 50% of the expected implant length; the first choice is autologous bone block onlay grafting for bone increments with staged implant placement or transcrestal sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant implantation. Type Ⅱ-0 bone defects show that the bone defect on one side of alveolar bone exceeds 50% of the expected implant length, and there’s no obvious defect on the other side; autologous bone block onlay grafting (thickness ≤ 4 mm) or alveolar ridge splitting (thickness > 4 mm) is preferred for bone augmentation with staged implant placement. Type Ⅱ-Ⅰ bone defects indicate that the bone plate defect on one side exceeds 50% of the expected implant length and the bone defect on the other side does not exceed 50% of the expected implant length; autologous bone block onlay grafting or tenting techniques is preferred for bone increments with staged implant implantation. Type Ⅱ-Ⅱ bone defects are bone plates on both sides of alveolar bone those exceed 50% of the expected implant length; guided bone regeneration with rigid mesh or maxillary sinus floor elevation or cortical autologous bone tenting is preferred for bone increments with staged implant implantation. This consensus will provide clinical physicians with appropriate augmentation strategies for alveolar bone defects.