Objective To study expression of extracellular signal-regualated kinase in intraepithelial neoplasia,prostatic cancer and BPH tissue. Methods Expression of extracellular signal-regualated kinase (ERK) was determined in 12 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN),11 prostate cancer and 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens.ERK expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results ERK expression was positive in all the 12 PIN specimens,6 of which being overexpressed.In the 11 prostate cancer specimens,overexpression was observed in only one while the other 10 under expressed.Overexpreassion was not observed in all the BPH specimens whereas 12 of the 16 showed underexpression. Conclusions ERK expression is obviously higher in PIN tissue (P

Objective To study the pathogenesis of pathogens of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Methods Neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trchomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum were cutured respectively in 130 patients with acute PID Results The pathogens of STD had been found in 55 patients The detective rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 6 9% (9/130), about half of them were mixed infection; the detective rate of chlamydia trachomatis was 4 6% (6/130), all of them were mixed infection; the positive percentage of ureaplasma urealyticum was 37 7% (49/130), one third of them were mixed infection Conclusion The pathogens of STD might cause acute PID or only play a synergetic role in it

Synchronous multiple primary carcinomas refers to 2 or more than 2 kinds of different primary malignant tumors develop synchronously or in 6 months.The incidence of synchronous multiple primary carcinoma is low.A patient with esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and gastric adenocarcinoma was admitted to the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang in October 2011.The main symptom of this patient was dysphagia,and multiple lesions were found in esophagus,cardia and stomach fundus by gastroscopy respectively.On computed tomography image,eminence lesion in esophageal midpiece and wall thickening from esophagus-cardia to stomach fundus were displayed and were both enhanced slightly by enhancement scanning.The esophageal and cardia tumors were resected via left thoracic approach,and postoperative pathological examination revealed esophageal BSCC and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of cardia respectively.Comedo necrosis and red basal membrane material were seen under light microscope.The expressions of cytokeratin 5/6 and P63 were positive,the expression of cytokeratin L was weak positive and the expressions of synaptophysin,chromogranin A and CD117 were negative.The patient suffered from pleural effusion and multiple liver metastases after 4 months follow-up and died of liver metastases in May 2012.Multiple primary carcinomas including esophageal BSCC and gastric adenocarcinoma are rarely seen in clinical practice.Their diagnosis and differential diagnosis mainly depend on histological morphology and immunohistochemical method.Surgical resection combined with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is selectable,but the prognosis is poor.

Purpose:To study the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and explore whether MAPKs play an important role in the tissue of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).Methods:In this study,samples of 12 cases with PIN and 16 cases with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were examined using immunohistochemical staining with ERK1/2 antisera.Results:A variety of levels of immunohitochemical staining for MAPK have been detected in all of 12 cases with PIN.An increased expression of MAPK in cytoplasm has been noted in 6 of 12 cases with PIN.Compared with BPH,activaty of MAPK increased 1.48 fold in PIN (P＜0.05.Conclusions:There is a higher levels of MAPK activaty in PIN than in BPH. MAPK might be a major pathway of transducing prostatic neoplasia signals, and has promotive effect on the progression of prostatic neoplasia.

Objective:To Investigate the postoperative sexual function outcomes in patients with bladder cancer who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC)or laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC)followed by orthotopic neobladder reconstruction.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of 84 bladder cancer patients having undergone laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC)and robotic-assisted radical cystectomy(RARC)with≥21 IIEF-5 in our institution from Jan 2014 to Jan 2019. All of them were diagnosed as high grade urothelial carcinoma by biopsy or TURBT. Biopsy of the posterior urethra and bladder neck reveal negative result of tumor invasion. Their PSA level was less than 4.0 ng/ml with negative result of DRE. All patients undergone laparoscopic radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction by one medical team. 45 patients underwent robotic assistant radical cystectomy(RARC group), and the rest of patients 39 were treated with laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC group). In RARC group, the mean age were 53 years old(ranging 50-67 years old)and clinical stage of the tumor was cT 1 in 10 patients, cT 2 in 21 patients and cT 3 in 14 patients. In the LRC group, the mean age were 56 years old(ranging52-65 years old) and the clinical staging of the tumors was 6 patients in cT 1, 23 patients in the cT 2 and 12 patients in the cT 3. The RARC group paid special attention to the protective function of the following surgical details: ①To detect the abdominal organs, reveal the pelvic cavity, observe the blood vessels and ureter, open the perinatal membrane next to the cross of the ureter, along the outer venous veins and closed-hole nerves around the standard or expand the pelvic lymph node cleaning. In this study, the patients who did not have obvious suspected lymph node metastasis were removed within the standard range of the pelvic lymph nodes on both sidesin order to protect the nerves at the pelvic floor as much as possible. ② With the robot 3rd arm lifting the bladder, the peritoneum was opened at the site of seminal vesicle and ampulla of vas deferent duct, which connected to the two sides with the open peritoneum. Along the vasectomy and the sac free, the denonvillier fasica was opened and exposing the back of the prostate. With the third arm pulling down, the umbilical ligament was observe. The peritoneal was opened to the retropubic space so that the prostate region was revealed. Continue to dissect the bladder front space until the pelvic fascia and the osteopathic prostate ligament are exposed. The Hem-o-1oks were used to ligate the bilateral bladder lateral ligaments. The bladder and prostate were removed in the fascia level. The NVB bundle on both sides was kept to the apex of prostate. The urethra was exposed and remove the catheter.With Hem-o-lok clamping, the urethra was dissected in the level of prostatic apex. The distal end of urethral tissue was sent to the rapid freeze pathology examination. In the procedure of prostate removing, parallel prostate fascia excision was considered and pubo-prostatic ligament could be preserved.③ Preserving the bilateral neurovascular bundle (NVB) and try to avoid the damage of NVB. Retaining the bladder lateral ligament neurovascular bundle. Retaining the1.2-1.5 cm urethra and surrounding continent control structure. The cold knife is advocated. Blood vessel clamp can be used to stop bleeding. We compared with operative time, bleeding amount, postoperative hospitalization, IIEF-5 scores and satisfaction of sexual between those groups. Results:All operations were successfully performed without conversion and serious surgical complications. The operative time in the RARC group and LRC group were [(313.5±31.9)min and (276.5±32.3)min, P>0.05] .The intraoperative amount of blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were [(190.1±44.1) ml and (212.3±39.2) ml, P>0.05], [(14.3±2.1) d and (15.2±3.0) d, P>0.05]. There was no significantly difference between the two groups. The median follow-up period of 84 patients was 18 months. The IIEF-5 score of the RARC group was higher than LRC group at 6 months(18.5±1.6 vs.10.6±1.3)and 12 months (18.6±2.4 vs.11.2±1.4) ( P<0.05). In addition, the satisfaction of sexual in the RARC group was relative better than LRC group (both P<0.05) at 6 months[44.4%(20/45)vs.25.6%(10/39)], and 12 months[51.1%(23/45) vs.28.2%(11/39)] post-operation. Conclusion:Robot-assisted radical cystectomy(RARC) and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction revealed relative better recovering in post-operative sexual function and improvements in patient quality of life.

Bile acids not only play an important physiological role in regulating lipid metabolism,but also par-ticipate in the regulation of central nervous system.Numerous studies indicated that abnormal bile acid metabolism is closely related to depression,but the exact mechanism remains unclear.This study summarized the relationship between bile acid metabolism and depression and aimed to provide a new perspective for the study and treatment of depression.

Depression is a mental disorder characterized by persistent low mood and belongs to the category of "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with the characteristics of high prevalence， high disability rate， high suicide rate， and high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of depression is extremely complex and involves factors such as genetics， psychology， and social environment. Currently， clinical antidepressant drugs such as tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants， and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors， have slow onset of action and significant adverse effects with long-term application. Furthermore， clinical statistics show that about one-third of patients do not respond to these types of medications. Enhancing the effectiveness of depression treatment has become a major challenge in the medical field. TCM， based on the holistic view and treatment based on syndrome differentiation， has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of depression， including stable therapeutic effects， low recurrence rate， minimal side effects， and good patient compliance. As one of the heat-clearing drugs， Gardeniae Fructus has the effects of clearing heat， purging fire， cooling blood， and relieving restlessness， which makes it effective in treating patients with "stagnation syndrome". Literature studies have found that active components of Gardeniae Fructus， such as geniposide， genipin， and crocin， as well as drug pairs such as Gardeniae Fructus-Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Gardeniae Fructus-Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis， and Gardeniae Fructus-Lycii Fructus， and prescriptions such as Zhizichi Tang， Yuejuwan， Zhizi Houpotang， Danzhi Xiaoyaosan， and Jieyu Anshen Granules， have shown significant antidepressant effects. The mechanism of action may be related to regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， modulating neurotransmitters such as serotonin （5-HT） and dopamine （DA）， increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the hippocampus， enhancing neurogenesis in the hippocampus， and regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway to inhibit neuroinflammation. This article summarized the research progress on the active components of Gardeniae Fructus， drug pairs， and Chinse medicinal prescriptions containing Gardeniae Fructus， providing references for further promoting the clinical application of Gardeniae Fructus and its prescriptions in the treatment of depression.

As the first marketed epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib plays an important role in the targeted therapy of malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer, but this drug can cause serious adverse effects such as liver toxicity. If the reaction occurs, the drug must be stopped for liver protection treatment, which greatly affects the treatment process of cancer. However, the mechanism of gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity is still unclear, and clinical treatment measures are very limited. This article aims to review the molecular mechanism of gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity and the commonly used clinical therapeutic drugs, so as to provide scientific basis for clinical prevention and rational drug use.

ObjectiveTo decipher the mechanism of Wenxiao powder in alleviating corticosterone-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. MethodMale ICR mice were randomized into normal， model， paroxetine （20 mg·kg^-1）， and low- and high-dose （3.27， 6.54 g·kg^-1， respectively） Wenxiao powder groups. The mice in normal and model groups received equal volume of saline. Other groups except the normal group were injected with corticosterone subcutaneously 0.5 h after gavage to induce depression. Mice were tested for depression-like behaviors after drug administration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to measure the corticosterone content in the serum. Nissl staining was performed to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to observe the expression of double cortin （DCX） in the dentate gyrus （DG） of the hippocampus. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of proteins in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）/tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/cAMP-response element-binding protein （CREB） pathway in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate， increased immobility time in the tail suspension test （P<0.01）， and reduced residence time in the central area of the open field and the total movement distance （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling elevated the corticosterone level in the serum （P<0.01）， decreased the volume and intensified the nuclear staining of hippocampal neurons in the DG area， reduced the expression of DCX in the DG area， and down-regulated the protein levels of BDNF， phosphorylated （p）-TrkB， p-ERK， and p-CREB in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low-dose Wenxiao powder improved the mouse behavivors in the sucrose preference， open field， and tail suspension tests （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and high-dose Wenxiao powder improved the behaviors in the sucrose preference and open field tests （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， Wenxiao powder lowered the serum corticosterone level （P<0.01） and recovered the structure and morphology of neurons with obvious nuclei and presence of Nissl bodies in the DG area of the hippocampus. Moreover， Wenxiao powder at both doses promoted the expression of DCX in the DG area， and high-dose Wenxiao powder up-regulated the protein levels of BDNF， p-TrkB， p-ERK， and p-CREB in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWenxiao powder can alleviate corticosterone-induced depression-like behaviors and promote neurogenesis in mice possibly by activating the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.