Objective To establish nude mouse model with human brain glioma SHG-44 and understand its growing characteristics in vivo.Methods The 4-week-old male mice were randomly divided into high density cell suspension inoculation group(n=10),low density cell suspension group(n=10),the tumor tissue mass vaccination group(n=10)and the blank control group with normal saline injection(n=10).The SHG-44 human brain glioma cell suspension was injected into the subcutaneous of the nude mice' s armpit.The tumor tissue was cut into 1 mm3 after tumor tissue growth and formation,and re-inoculated into the subcutaneous of the new nude mice' s armpits.Apart from daily observation,the long and short diameters of tumor were recorded every 5 days after graft.All the mice were sacrificed at 60 days and the tumor tissues were harvested for pathological examination.Results With a longer incubation period and slower growth rate,the tumor formation rate in high density cell suspension inoculation group and low density cell suspension group was lower compared with that in the tumor tissue mass vaccination group.Around day 20,grafted tumor appeared remarkably big((41.51 ±6.42)mm3) with good morphology.On day 50,the tumor derived from group the tumor tissue mass vaccination group((565.69± 123.36)mm3) showed a bigger size in comparison with that from high density cell suspension inoculation group((203.85±104.63) mm3) and low density cell suspension group ((153.02± 31.76) mm3,all P＜0.05).The tumors in three groups were well defined with a rich vascularity and no apparent invasion was observed.The positive expression of GFAP and S-100 in a large body of tumor cells was observed under optical microscope.Conclusion With a shorter incubation period and faster growth,the mouse tumor models established with tissue pieces from the tumor-bearing mice are much better compared to those with cell suspension.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment platelet and fibrinogen levels for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)after complete resection.Methods:Four hundred and five patients with pathological-proven NSCLC who underwent complete resection between March 2004 and January 2007 were included in this study.Blood samples for pretreatment platelet and fibrinogen examinations were collected.Platelet and fibrinogen levels were analyzed with patients'clinical parameters.Results:The overall preva-lence of thrombocytosis(>350×109/L)was 16.5%,and that of hyperfibrinogenemia(>4 g/L)was 36.3%.Patients with thrombocytosis and/or hyperfibrinogenemia exhibited poor overall survival(P=0.002).Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that pretreatment platelet levels(P=0.048),tumor stage(P<0.05),and tumor progression(P<0.05)were indepen-dent prognostic factors of NSCLC.The median survival time among patients with low-,intermediate-,and high-risk NSCLC were 67,24, and 20 months, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions: Elevated pretreatment platelet and fibrinogen levels significantly correlate with poor survival in patients with NSCLC.Moreover,the risk model can potentially improve prognosis by enabling the detection of high-risk patients and providing a reference for individualized treatments.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) on arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats. Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Ten rats were randomly selected as the blank group, and the remaining 30 rats were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with 15 rats in each group. Before modeling, rats in the EA group received one session of EA intervention at bilateral Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min; the other groups were treated with the same grasping and anesthesia for 30 min without intervention. PowerLab physiological recorder was used to record electrocardiograph within 30 min of infarction. After the experiment, cardiac tissue and serum were collected from rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissue in the ventricular infarction area of rats in each group. The expression of Cx43 protein in the myocardium of each group was detected by Western blotting (WB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue and the serum content of endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF) in rats. Results: There was no statistical difference in arrhythmia score between the EA group and the model group, but the total duration and average duration of arrhythmia in the EA group were decreased (P<0.01). HE staining showed that compared with the blank group, myocardial cells in the model group were disorganized and seriously damaged. The pathological changes in the EA group were similar to those in the model group, but the damage was relatively minor. The results of WB showed that compared with the blank group, the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue of the model group was decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Cx43 expression in the EA group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the blank group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in myocardial tissue of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the EA group was increased (P<0.01). ELISA results showed that compared with the blank group, the serum EDLF content in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the EDLF content in the EA group was decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA at Neiguan (PC6) can delay and reduce the onset of arrhythmia during myocardial infarction in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue, improvement of the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue, and increase in the content of serum EDLF.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of cluster nursing in bladder function recovery of cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy.Methods Ninety-four patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy in our hospital from September 2016 to August 2017 were selected as observation group,and 70 patients from January to August 2016 were included in the control group.The control group treated by routine nursing care,while the observation group received cluster nursing.The incidence rate of urinary retention,the success rate of one-time extubation,bladder function recovery and pelvic floor muscle strength before discharge,and quality of life scores before and after radiotherapy were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of urinary retention in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (4.3％ vs.14.3％,P ＜0.05).The success rate of one-time extubation was higher than that in the control group (94.7％ vs.85.7％,P ＜0.05).The bladder recovery rate was higher than that in the control group (94.7％ vs.83.4％,P ＜ 0.05).The pelvic floor muscle strength was obviously superior than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Quality of life (QOL) score of two groups after treatment were higher than treatment before (P ＜ 0.05),and the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cluster nursing can effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative urinary retention,improve bladder function recovery,and improve quality of life in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy,so it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of cluster nursing in bladder function recovery of cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy.Methods Ninety-four patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy in our hospital from September 2016 to August 2017 were selected as observation group,and 70 patients from January to August 2016 were included in the control group.The control group treated by routine nursing care,while the observation group received cluster nursing.The incidence rate of urinary retention,the success rate of one-time extubation,bladder function recovery and pelvic floor muscle strength before discharge,and quality of life scores before and after radiotherapy were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of urinary retention in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (4.3％ vs.14.3％,P ＜0.05).The success rate of one-time extubation was higher than that in the control group (94.7％ vs.85.7％,P ＜0.05).The bladder recovery rate was higher than that in the control group (94.7％ vs.83.4％,P ＜ 0.05).The pelvic floor muscle strength was obviously superior than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Quality of life (QOL) score of two groups after treatment were higher than treatment before (P ＜ 0.05),and the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cluster nursing can effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative urinary retention,improve bladder function recovery,and improve quality of life in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy,so it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Endotoxemia ; diagnosis ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Humans ; Sepsis ; diagnosis

BACKGROUNDThe bacterial endotoxins test (BET) is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins (lipo-polysaccharide, LPS) and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid. It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control. Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias, result judgment algorithms (RJAs) of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias. We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 (CHP2010).

METHODSOriginal data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 (JP2011), the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 (EP7.0), the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 (USP36), and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 (IP2010), respectively. A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe results using CHP2010 and USP36, JP2011, EP7.0, and IP2010 had no significant difference (P = 0.7740). The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples (7.6%) required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias. The kappa value of two RJAs (CHP2010 and EP7.0) was 0.6900 (0.6297-0.7504) indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.

CONCLUSIONSThe results using CHP2010 and USP36, JP2011, EP7.0, and IP2010 have different characteristics. CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity, mistake diagnostic rate, agreement rate, predictive value for suspicious rate, and predictive value for passed rate. The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias. We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36, JP2011, EP7.0, and IP2010 judgment model.

Adult ; Algorithms ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diskectomy ; Endotoxins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Low Back Pain ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To observe the effect and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification in vitro.Methods VSMCs was treated with calcification medium containing calcium chloride and β-glycerophosphate to induce rat VSMCs calcification in vitro.VSMCs were divided into 5 groups: the control group (cultured in normal medium), the calcification group (incubated in calcified medium), the FGF21 group (cultured in calcified medium and FGF21), the PD166866 group (cultured in calcified medium and FGF21 and PD166866, inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1)), the GW9662 group (cultured in calcified medium and FGF21 and GW9662, inhibitor of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)).The calcification of VSMCs was detected by calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining.The protein and mRNA expression of FGFR1, β-Klotho, osteocalcin and smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) were determined by western blot analysis and realtime-PCR, respectively.Results (1) The mRNA (P ＜ 0.01) and protein expressions of β-Klotho and FGFR1 were significantly downregulated in calcification group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).(2)The protein levels and mRNA expression of calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin were significantly downregulated, while the protein levels and mRNA of SM22α were significantly increased in FGF21 group compared with calcification group (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover, alizarin red staining verified positive red nodules on calcified VSMCs was significantly reduced in FGF21 group than in calcification group.(3)Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were similar between PD166866 group and calcification group (all P ＞ 0.05).(4) Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were similar between GW9662 group and calcification group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The inhibition of VSMCs calcification by FGF21 is mediated by further downregulating FGFR1 and β-Klotho while activating PPAR-γpathways.

Child ; Developmental Disabilities/genetics* ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Seizures/genetics* ; Seizures, Febrile/genetics* ; Semaphorins/genetics*

Macrophages play critical roles in renal fibrosis. However, macrophages exhibit ontogenic and functional heterogeneities, and which population of macrophages contributes to renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically targeted Notch signaling by disrupting the transcription factor recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J), to reveal its role in regulation of macrophages during the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced murine renal fibrosis. Myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J attenuated renal fibrosis with reduced extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast activation, as well as attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, likely owing to the reduced expression of TGF-β. Meanwhile, RBP-J deletion significantly hampered macrophage infiltration and activation in fibrotic kidney, although their proliferation appeared unaltered. By using macrophage clearance experiment, we found that kidney resident macrophages made negligible contribution, but bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages played a major role in renal fibrogenesis. Further mechanistic analyses showed that Notch blockade reduced monocyte emigration from BM by down-regulating CCR2 expression. Finally, we found that myeloid-specific Notch activation aggravated renal fibrosis, which was mediated by CCR2 macrophages infiltration. In summary, our data have unveiled that myeloid-specific targeting of Notch could ameliorate renal fibrosis by regulating BM-derived macrophages recruitment and activation, providing a novel strategy for intervention of this disease.