Objective To analyze the CT imaging features of Castleman disease and enhance our knowledge of Castleman disease.Methods Twenty two patients with lymph node biopsy-proved or surgeryproved Castleman disease were retrospectively reviewed in this study.Of the 22 patients,18 had localized lesion and 4 patients had multicentric lesions.Correlation was made between CT and pathologic findings.Results Eighteen patients with localized Castleman disease had the hyaline-vascular type and showed well-circumscribed masses with soft-tissue density [mean CT value,(45 ± 16) HU],punctate or bifurcate calcification and linear low-density areas on non-enhanced CT images.All localized masses showed significant enhancementwith an increase of(56 ± 22)HU on arterial phase and showed residual enhancement and some low-density areas on delayed phase.Enhancing patterns were variable,including homogeneous enhancement,gradual enhancement from the edge to the center of mass and heterogeneous enhancement.Four patients with localized lesion demonstrated enhancing vessels around masses.Four patients with muhicentric CD belonged to the plasma cell type and had multiple enlarged lymph nodes.Plasma cell type masses with homogeneous density also showed enhancement after injection of contrast media but appeared to reveal a less increase of (32 ± 10) HU than the hyaline vascular type.Conclusions The localized Castleman disease showed certain characteristics on CT imaging includingcalcification and contrast enhancing patterns,which could help in the differential diagnosis of this disease.The muhicentric Castleman disease did not reveal any useful imaging features.

Objective To explore the effect of extracurricular activities based on specialist nursing clinic. Methods Thirty-four undergraduate nursing students of grade 2013 in the Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. After learning of nursing theories for senile dementia, the extracurricular activities based onspecialist nursing clinicwere carried out. Before and after the second class activities, the caring ability inventory scale and self scale-rating for self-directed learning (SRSSDL) were used to assess 34 students. Result After the activities, students' caring ability and self-directed learning ability were statistically significantly improved (P<0.01). Conclusion The extracurricular activities based onspecialist nursing cliniccan stimulate the learning interest of nursing students and improve their self-directed learning ability and humanistic care ability.

Objective To explore the effect of the second class on improving teaching results in "Geriatric Nursing".Methods A total of 53 junior college nursing students of Capital Medical University were selected by purposive sampling from September 2014 to February 2015. They were randomly divided into observation group (n=28, traditional teaching method + the second class teaching) and control group (n=25, traditional teaching method). The learning effects were evaluated with the self-rating scale for self-sirected learning (SRSSDL) and the theoretical achievements of "Geriatric Nursing".Results The theoretical achievements of "Geriatric Nursing" all improved. The average of the theoretical achievements was (80.28±6.15) in observation group and (72.33±9.78) in control group with a significant difference (t=4.43,P<0.05). The scores of SRSSDL in learning awareness, learning behavior, learning strategy, learning evaluation, interpersonal relations skills in observation group were all better than those in control with significant differences (t=4.198, 8.314, 10.237, 12.639, 5.109;P<0.05).Conclusions The second class in "Geriatric Nursing" provides a platform for innovation, demonstration, practice and knowledge aftertaste. It can effectively inspire students' learning interest in the major, be in favor of cultivation in humanistic concern and improve the self-directed learning capacity of junior college nursing students.

Objective To explore the effects of WeChat platform in improving cognitive function training in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) after discharge from the hospital, and to slow down the disease progression, and to improve their self-care ability and the quality of life.Methods The WeChat group was established, ninety patients with mild AD were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The control group regularly issued health education knowledge in the WeChat. On the basis of control group, the experimental group published daily training plans through WeChat, They tried to complete the practice with their families' help and give feedbacks for those training videos or photos. The nurses were responsible for giving guidance and periodic support. The compliance, activities of daily living (ADL), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), and the world health organization quality of life measurement scale short form (WHOQOL-BREF) were compared before and after the intervention. Results In the experimental group, the cognitive level was slightly improved, and the self-care ability and the quality of life were significantly improved after the training intervention compared with the scores before the intervention (P<0.05). However, the cognitive level, the self-care ability, and the quality of life in the control group sustained or slightly reduced after the intervention.Conclusions The cognitive function training based on WeChat platform can delay the disease development and can improve the self-care ability and the quality of life in patients with mild AD after discharge from the hospital.

Objective To explore the current status of mental resilience and its influencing factors in caregivers of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), so as to provide evidence for improving the quality of life and care level of the caregivers.Methods A total of 208 mild AD patients' caregivers in the neurology department of a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Beijing were investigated with general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Caregivers Burden Inventory (CBI).The influencing factors were analyzed with single factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The total score of the mental resilience of the caregivers of patients with mild AD was lower than the domestic norm. The difference in the mental resilience of caregivers with different genders, ages, duration of care, caring burden and caring assistance was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no statistical significance of the correlations between the duration of care and the total score, the tenacity dimension, the self-development dimension, as well as the correlation between gender and the tenacity dimension, the self-development dimension (P>0.05). Otherwise, all of the other factors were correlated with the scores of CD-RISC and all dimensions of it (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of caregivers' burden on resilience could explain 54.5％ of the total variation of the resilience.Conclusions The mental resilience of the caregivers of the patients with mild AD is generally low. Nurses should give different interventions according to the different levels of resilience and related factors, especially, more technical guidance and psychological support should be given to the caregivers with heavier burden.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term health-related quality of life (QOL) in pediatric patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to analyze potential influence factors.Methods:Patients with acute leukemia aging 8-18 years who received HSCT in the Hematology Oncology Center of Beijing Children′s Hospital from June 2009 to June 2012 with more than 80 months survival postoperatively were recruited.All of them were subjected to a short-term QOL survey in 2013.PedsQL? Transplantation Module 3.0 in Chinese mandarin version was completed.QOL data and influence factors were analyzed.Results:Forty-one patients completed the questionnaires, involving 32 males and 9 females with the mean age of(14.29±2.72) years.The mean scores of overall long-term QOL after HSCT were above 75 (total scores: 100), which was above the average.The age, disease status before transplantation, donor sources, post-transplant complications and the parental education level were the influential factors for the long-term QOL in pediatric patients with acute leukemia at post-HSCT, which could affect a certain dimension in QOL.Conclusions:The overall long-term QOL of pediatric patients with acute leukemia who survived for more than 80 months at post-HSCT is acceptable, which is significantly better than the short-term QOL after 4 months of HSCT.The age, disease status before transplantation, donor sources, post-transplant complications and the education level of parents could affect a certain dimension of QOL.

Objective:To construct an immersive cognitive training intervention scheme for patients with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) to provide references for the development of cognitive training.Methods:Through literature research, theoretical analysis, group discussion and clinical investigation, the immersive cognitive training intervention scheme for SIVCI patients was constructed. Using the Delphi expert consultation method, 12 experts were selected to conduct 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and finally an immersive cognitive training intervention scheme for SIVCI patients was established.Results:The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaire was 100.00% (12/12) . In the second round of consultation, the coefficient of variation of each item was 0 to 0.14, the importance value was 4.67 to 5.00, the expert authority coefficient was 0.92 and Kendall coefficient of concordance was 0.67 ( P<0.05) . Finally, an immersive cognitive training intervention scheme for SIVCI patients was formed. Conclusions:The immersive cognitive training intervention scheme for SIVCI patients constructed in this study is scientific and practical, which can provide a reference for cognitive intervention of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of long-term full-dose cognitive digital therapy on improving and maintaining cognitive function in patients with cognitive disorders, and to provide basis for nursing management of patients with cognitive disorders.Methods:This study adopted three parallel randomized control trial design. By adopting the method of continuous grouping and convenient sampling, from January 2020 to January 2023, 90 patients with cognitive disorders who were treated in the neurology outpatient department of Beijing Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University were selected as the study objects. These patients were divided into the control group, outpatient group and home group with 30 patients in each group by using the random digit table method. The control group received routine nursing, patients in the outpatient group received cognitive digital therapy in clinic based on routine nursing, and patients in the home group received cognitive digital therapy at home based on routine. Before intervention, 6 and 12 months after intervention, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were compared among three groups.Results:A total of 85 patients were enrolled in three groups. There were 28 cases in the control group, including 12 males and 16 females, aged (64.68±11.26) years. There were 30 patients in the outpatient group, including 19 males and 11 females, aged (65.74 ± 8.44) years. There were 27 cases in the home group, including 14 males and 13 females, aged (66.81 ± 11.18) years. The MMSE scores of the control group before intervention, 6 and 12 months after intervention were (22.00 ± 4.82), (17.25 ± 5.15), (14.25 ± 4.54) points respectively, and those of the outpatient group were (22.26 ± 3.46), (22.93 ± 3.77), (22.30 ± 3.57) points, while those of the home group were (22.40 ± 3.72), (22.03 ± 3.76), (21.90 ± 4.08) points respectively. The analysis of variance of repeated measurements showed that the intergroup, time and interaction effects were statistically significant ( Fbetween-group=15.30, Ftime=4.10, Finteraction=20.25, all P<0.05). The total scores of MoCA in the control group were (16.50 ± 4.87), (12.64 ± 4.94), (9.89 ± 4.01) points before intervention, 6 and 12 months after intervention, (18.74 ± 4.22), (18.96 ± 4.31), (18.41 ± 4.34) points in the outpatient group, (17.20 ± 5.12), (16.93 ± 3.67), (16.93 ± 4.10) points in the home group respectively. The analysis of variance of repeated measurements showed that the intergroup, time and interaction effects were statistically significant ( Fbetween-group=16.30, Ftime=5.74, Finteraction=12.08, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term adequate outpatient and in-home cognitive digital therapy can effectively improve and maintain cognitive function in patients with cognitive disorders. It optimizes the management scheme of cognitive function training and provides evidence-based basis for non-drug intervention of patients with cognitive disorders.

Objective:To explore the application effect of Internet-based hospital-institution linkage care management model in elderly care for the elderly of dementia.Methods:The research was a quasi-experiment study. A total of 80 elderly people of dementia from three combined medical and nursing institutions, Beijing Fangshan District Mental Health Care Hospital, Beijing Jinhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Beijing Yiciyuan Nursing Care Center, were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling. The elderly people of dementia enrolled from May to August 2021 served as the control group, and elderly people of dementia enrolled from September to December 2021 served as the experimental group, with 40 cases in each group. Conventional management methods were taken in the control group, while Internet-based hospital-institution linkage care management model was taken in the experimental group. Before the intervention, at 3 months of intervention, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barthel index (BI) and Cohen Mansfield agitation behavior inventory (CMAI) were used to evaluate the cognitive function, activities of daily living and agitation behavior of two groups.Results:A total of 78 cases were included, including 39 cases in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group, respectively. Before intervention, there was no significant difference in scores of MMSE, BI, and CMAI in the two groups of elderly people with dementia ( P>0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the score of MMSE in the experimental group was (17.36±5.67) points, which was higher than (15.05 ± 2.70) points of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.13, P<0.05). The score of CMAI in the experimental group was (34.18 ± 4.37) points, which was lower than (37.13 ± 5.06) points of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.76, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in BI scores ( t=0.13, P>0.05). Conclusions:The Internet-based hospital-institution linkage care management model improves the cognitive function and agitated behavior of the elderly with dementia in medical-nursing institutions.

Objective:To develop an expert consensus on safety management of inpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (referred to as the " Consensus") and standardize safety management strategies for AD inpatients. Methods:The evidence on safety management of AD inpatients was searched, evaluated, and summarized, with a search period from database establishment to July 31, 2023. This study conducted methodological quality evaluation and evidence extraction on the included article to form a consensus draft. A total of 24 experts from 15 hospitals across the country were selected for two rounds of Delphi expert consultation to analyze, revise, and improve their opinions, forming the final draft of the Consensus. Results:The positive coefficients for both rounds of expert consultation were 100.00% (24/24). In the second round of consultation, the expert judgment basis coefficient was 0.925, familiarity level was 0.846, authority coefficient was 0.886, Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.044 ( P<0.01). The Consensus elaborated on five common safety problems (loss, falling, aspiration/choking, self-injury/other injury, and medication errors in AD inpatients) from three aspects (assessment, identification of risk factors, and nursing strategies) . Conclusions:The Consensus is scientific and practical to a certain extent, providing guidance and reference for the safety management practice of AD inpatients.