Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala) is a significant economic and medicinal plant. The seeds of P. harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine, Uighur medicine, and Mongolian medicine, as documented in the Drug Standard of the Ministry of Health of China. Twelve novel tryptamine-derived alkaloids (1-12) and eight known compounds (13-20) were isolated from P. harmala seeds. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported instances of tryptamine-derived heteromers, comprising tryptamine and aniline fragments with previously undocumented C-3-N-1' linkage and C-3-C-4' connection, respectively. Compounds 3-5 were identified as indole-quinazoline heteromers, exhibiting a novel C-3 and NH-1' linkage between indole and quinazoline-derived fragments. Compound 6 demonstrates the dimerization pattern of C-C linked tryptamine-quinazoline dimer. Compound 8 represents a tryptamine-derived heterodimer with a distinctive carbon skeleton, featuring an unusual spiro-tricyclic ring (7) and conventional bicyclic tryptamine. Compounds 9-11 constitute novel 6/5/5/5 spiro-tetracyclic tryptamine-derived alkaloids presenting a unique ring system of tryptamine-spiro-pyrrolizine. Compounds 1-3 and 6-11 were identified as racemates. Compounds 2, 7, 9, 10, and 12 were confirmed via X-ray crystallographic analysis. All isolated compounds (1-20) exhibited varying degrees of antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Notably, the anti-RSV activity of compound 12 (IC₅₀ 5.01 ± 0.14 μmol·L^-1) surpassed that of the positive control (ribavirin, IC₅₀ 6.23 ± 0.95 μmol·L^-1), as validated through plaque reduction and immunofluorescence assays. The identification of anti-RSV compounds from P. harmala seeds may enhance the development and application of this plant in antiviral therapeutic products.
Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification* ; Tryptamines/isolation & purification* ; Peganum/chemistry* ; Seeds/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

【Objective】 To analyze the height growth of children aged 6 - 15 years in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for the assessment of local children′s height development. 【Methods】 A total of 25 225 children aged 6 - 15 years were selected to get their physical examination data from 41 primary schools in Nanning by stratified cluster sampling method in December 2021.Then the height data were compared with the current domestic standards. 【Results】 The average height of boys in Nanning was lower than the national standard before the age of 10 years and 7 months, and the gap with the national standard gradually narrowed after the age of 10 years and 7 months. The average height of boys in Nanning City exceeded the national standard between the age of 11 years and 1 month and 13 years and 6 months, and then lagged behind the national standard again after the age of 13 years and 7 months. The mean height of girls in Nanning City was lower than the national standard height in several age groups, and it was more obvious before the age of 9 years and 7 months. The proportion of height ≤-2s,≤-s,≥ +s and ≥+2s in boys aged 6 to 15 years in Nanning City fluctuated from 2.59% to 6.04%, 12.09% to 23.43%, 7.18% to 18.79% and 0.93% to 3.14%, respectively; the total proportions were 4.56%, 17.46%, 11.35% and 1.74%, respectively; the minimum/maximum proportion values of each height group were at 11 years old /8 years old, 14 years old/8 years old, 8 years old/12 years old, and 6 years old/11 years old, respectively. The proportions of girls aged 6 - 15 years in Nanning City with height ≤-2s, ≤-s, ≥+s, and ≥+2s fluctuated from 2.06% to 5.19%, 9.35% to 25.15%, 8.21% to 15.80% and 1.23% to 3.49%, respectively; the total proportions were 3.38%, 16.91%, 11.97% and 2.29%, respectively; and the minimum/maximum proportion values of each height group were at 13 years old/6 years old, 12 years old/6 years old, 7 years old/12 years old, and 6 years old/11 years old, respectively. 【Conclusions】 The overall height level of children in Nanning is still lower than the national level, with short prepubertal basal heights, an earlier age of onset of accelerated pubertal height, and a shorter duration of accelerated pubertal height in boys. Strengthening pre-pubertal height management and emphasizing the onset and duration of children′s pubertal development, especially the height development of boys during puberty, can help improve the adult lifelong height of children in this region.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common and fatal malignant tumors worldwide, and the burden of HCC is particularly severe in China. Physiologically, the blood supply to healthy liver is mainly from the portal vein, supplemented by the hepatic artery. While in the development of HCC, the main source of blood supply to HCC is changed from the portal vein to the hepatic artery. The characteristics of HCC vascularization are important for imaging, surgery, interventional therapy, targeted therapy, etc. Even in the future, with the development of radiation therapy technology, such as proton and heavy ion therapy and artificial intelligence technology, the dynamic changes in HCC blood perfusion can be used as a new biomarker of tumor activity to provide accurate information on the intensity modulation of radiotherapy, so that accurate measurements of HCC blood perfusion is of great significance in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. The technologies for measurement of HCC blood perfusion have developed from invasive techniques, such as inert gas scavenging, electromagnetic flowmeter, and radionuclide-labeled erythrocyte elution in the middle of the last century to the present non-invasive techniques of CT. With the development of CT imaging technology in the last 30 years, the CT-based imaging technology can assess the status of organ and tissue perfusion relatively easily and accurately. In this paper, the various CT measurement techniques of blood perfusion in HCC were categorized into three types: semi-quantitative technique, relative quantitative technique, and absolute quantitative technique. Their basic principle, scanning methods, and clinical applications were discussed to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common and fatal malignant tumors worldwide, and the burden of HCC is particularly severe in China. Physiologically, the blood supply to healthy liver is mainly from the portal vein, supplemented by the hepatic artery. While in the development of HCC, the main source of blood supply to HCC is changed from the portal vein to the hepatic artery. The characteristics of HCC vascularization are important for imaging, surgery, interventional therapy, targeted therapy, etc. Even in the future, with the development of radiation therapy technology, such as proton and heavy ion therapy and artificial intelligence technology, the dynamic changes in HCC blood perfusion can be used as a new biomarker of tumor activity to provide accurate information on the intensity modulation of radiotherapy, so that accurate measurements of HCC blood perfusion is of great significance in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. The technologies for measurement of HCC blood perfusion have developed from invasive techniques, such as inert gas scavenging, electromagnetic flowmeter, and radionuclide-labeled erythrocyte elution in the middle of the last century to the present non-invasive techniques of CT. With the development of CT imaging technology in the last 30 years, the CT-based imaging technology can assess the status of organ and tissue perfusion relatively easily and accurately. In this paper, the various CT measurement techniques of blood perfusion in HCC were categorized into three types: semi-quantitative technique, relative quantitative technique, and absolute quantitative technique. Their basic principle, scanning methods, and clinical applications were discussed to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)-induced autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods After Pg infected KYSE70 cells and KYSE140 cells pretreated with siAtg7 or Chloroquin(CQ),Western blot was used to measure protein levels of Atg7,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,and p62;Immunofluorescent confocal imaging analysis was used to detect autophagosome and autolysosome;CCK-8 assay was used to test cell viability;Transwell assay was used for ESCC cell migration and invasion potentials.Likewise,miR-21-5p inhibitor,RASA1 overexpression plasmid,or U0126 were used to block miR-21-5p/RASA1/ERK signaling pathway prior to Pg infection,followed by the aforementioned methods.In addition,immunohistochemistry was used to examine Pg abundance and LC3 protein levels,and RT-PCR was used to evaluate miR-21-5p expression in ESCC and adjacent tissue samples,followed by correlation analyses be-tween Pg and LC3,and Pg and miR-21-5p.Results Pg infected KYSE70 cells and KYSE140 cells showed upreg-ulation Atg7 protein and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein but downregulation of RASA1 protein and p62 protein,enhanced cell proliferation,migration,and invasion as well as immunofluorescent spots of red,green,and yellow in mRFP-GFP-LC3-labeled ESCC cells.Pretreatment with CQ or siAtg7 abolished the above alterations induced by Pg.Con-sistently,pretreatment with miR-21-5p inhibitor,U0126,or RASA1 overexpression plasmid also blocked Pg-stimu-lated autophagy.In ESCC samples,Pg abundance was correlated with upregulation of miR-21-5p and LC3.Con-clusion Pg promotes autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via miR-21-5p/RASA1/ERK signaling pathway.

Conventional 1.5T and 3.0T cardiac MRI(CMRI)had been widely used.The ultrahigh field MR behaved better in image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.The domestic 5.0T whole-body ultrahigh field MRI had better balance between the field strength and quality in CMRI,which was expected to improve imaging quality and efficiency.The status challenges and future of 5.0T CMRI were reviewed in this paper.

Objective:To investigate the Correlation between ADC combined with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP), It provides scientific basis for early prediction of DEACMP.Methods:According to the design principle of case-control study, the data of acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) patients admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital from December 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively selected. Among them, patients with DEACMP were selected as the case group, without DEACMP were used as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADC combined with CRP as a combined predictor for disease.Results:A total of 89 patients with ACOP were included, including 33 patients with DEACMP and 56 patients without DEACMP. There were no significant differences in gender, age, smoking, drinking, and underlying diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease) between groups ( P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that white blood cell count (WBC) ( OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.19-2.26, P=0.003), CRP ( OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.45, P=0.019) and ADC value of central semiovale white matter ( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P=0.010) were associated with DEACMP in patients with ACOP. The ROC curve results showed that the area under the ROC of ADC combined with CRP in the center of semiovale was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.656-0.845), the specificity was 87.9%, the sensitivity was 23.2%, and the cut-off value was 3.5°. Conclusions:WBC, CRP and ADC value of central semiovale are independent factors for DEACMP. ADC value of central semiovale combined with CRP has more clinical value in the early diagnosis of DEACMP. For ACOP patients with DEACMP triggering factors, the diagnosis and treatment awareness of early screening of brain magnetic resonance imaging should be strengthened to avoid DEACMP.

Objective:To explore a fast and accurate method to diagnose children's pneumonia according to respiratory signals, so as to avoid the cancer induction caused by traditional X-ray examination.Methods:A Mach Zehnder optical fiber sensor was used to build a respiratory signals(RSPs) detection system, and the RSPs of the monitored children were extracted according to the vibration signal generated by the children's lung rales. Preprocessing methods such as the discrete cosine transform(DCT) were used to compress and denoise the RSPs. Multi-feature extraction of RSPs was conducted through signal processing methods such as the Hilbert transform and autoregressive (AR) model spectrum estimation. A support vector machine (SVM) classification model was constructed to classify the collected RSPs.Results:The accuracy rate of the proposed RSP classification of children with or without pneumonia was 94.41%, which was higher than the previous methods.Conclusions:The children's pneumonia diagnosis system based on an optical fiber sensor has a higher detection accuracy, and is expected to be widely used in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of urethroplasty using inner prepuce graft combined with Orandi flap for the treatment of the obliterated penile urethral atresic stricture.Methods:From January 2016 to September 2019, the clinical data of 18 obliterated penile urethral stricture cases were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were treated using inner prepuce flap combined with Orandi Flap. The average age of the patients was 62.1 years old (range 20-81 years old). Ten cases had suprapubic cystostomy before operation. The maximum flow rate was 1.6-6.2 ml/s, with an average of 4.2ml/s. The intubation general anesthesia and lithotomy position was used. The foreskin of penis was incised longitudinally. The urethra was exposed and the segment of stricture was opened longitudinally. The range of stricture length was measured with soft ruler, ranging from 2.0 to 7.5 cm, with an average of 5.0cm. After the fibrotic tissue was completely removed, the dorsal inner prepuce was incised with needed length and width for harvesting a free skin flap in order to transplant and reconstruct the dorsal urethral. The Orandi flap was used to cover the ventral urethra, and a F14-16 silicone catheter was retained. The length range of the inner prepuce graft was 2.0-7.5 cm, with an average of 5.1cm; the width was 1.2-1.8 cm, with an average of 1.4cm. The length of Orandi flap was 2.2-7.7 cm, with an average of 6.0cm; the width was 1.0-1.5 cm, with an average of 1.3 cm. The catheter was removed 3-4 weeks after operation. The patients were then followed up after 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively and then with annual assessments for the symptoms, urinary flow rate, and urethrography or soft urethroscopy when necessary.Results:All of the 18 operations were completed successfully. The patients were followed up for 6-36 months, with an average of 22 months. There were 5 patients with terminal dripping, 4 patients with recurrent urinary tract infection within half a year after operation, and antibiotic treatment being effective. The quality of life scores at 3 months and 6 months after operation were 0.8 (0-2) and 0.6 (0-1), respectively, which were statistically significant compared with before operation ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The use of free inner prepuce flap combined with Orandi flap is an effective treatment for the obliterated penile urethral atresic stricture, especially for the patients who are unwilling or unsuitable to harvest the oral mucosa. It has the advantages of convenient harvesting and less complications.

Objective: To analyze the impact of dual antiplatelet (DAPT) therapy combining with or without proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on the main outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature and the references obtained from these sources were retrieved manually from inception till September 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established follow the Cochrane review standard. A total of 977 literatures were included, 193 duplicates were excluded, 74 reviews, case reports, letters and systematic reviews were excluded, 667 literatures were excluded after reading the title and abstract, 34 literatures were excluded due to non-randomized control studies and unrelated outcome indicators, and 9 literatures were finally included with a total of 16 589 patients. RevMan 5.3 software was used to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiogenic death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause death, stent thrombosis, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal events in patients with DAPT combining with or without PPI after PCI. Results: MACE was observed in 8 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that MACE occurred in 561 out of 6 282 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 951 out of 9 632 patients using DAPT alone (OR=1.15, 95%CI 0.88-1.51, P>0.05). Cardiogenic death was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that cardiogenic death occurred in 172 out of 6 453 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI treatment and in 321 out of the 9 839 patients using DAPT alone (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.80-1.18, P>0.05). Recurrent myocardial infarction was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, the results showed 416 out of 6 282 cases in DAPT combining with PPI therapy group experienced recurrent myocardial infarction and 691 out of 9 632 cases in DAPT group experienced recurrent myocardial infarction (OR=1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.16, P>0.05). Four out of 9 literatures observed revascularization. The results showed that revascularization was performed in 64 out of 2 173 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 105 out of the 2 770 patients using DAPT alone (OR=1.33, 95%CI 0.55-3.24, P>0.05). All-cause death was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that all-cause death occurred in 172 out of the 6 453 patients in DAPT combining with PPI therapy group and in 321 out of the 9 839 patients using DAPT alone (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.80-1.18, P>0.05). Three out of the 9 included articles observed stent thrombosis, and the results showed that stent thrombosis occurred in 99 out of 2 997 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 245 out of the 6 198 patients treated with DAPT (OR=1.07, 95%CI 0.83-1.37, P>0.05). Stroke was observed in 2 out of the 9 included literatures. The results showed that stroke occurred in 5 out of 2 019 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy, and in 4 out of the 2 033 patients treated with DAPT (OR=1.00, 95%CI 0.29-3.49, P>0.05). Gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 6 out of the 9 included literatures. The results showed that gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 26 out of 3 517 patients receiving DAPT combined with PPI therapy, and in 93 out of the 3 506 patients treated with DAPT, gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly lower in the DAPT combining with PPI group than DAPT alone group (OR=0.27, 95%CI 0.17-0.41, P<0.01). Gastrointestinal events were reported in 6 out of the 9 included articles. Similarly, gastrointestinal events were observed in 51 out of 3 517 patients receiving DAPT combined with PPI therapy, and in 190 out of the 3 506 patients treated with DAPT alone, the incidence of gastrointestinal events in the DAPT combined with PPI group was significantly lower than DAPT alone group (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.14-0.42, P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of MACE, cardiogenic death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause death, stent thrombosis and stroke are not affected by DAPT combined with PPI therapy after PCI, while the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal events could be reduced by adding PPI to DAPT in patients undergoing PCI.