Respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of infantile wheezing, as well as one of the major inducents of acute exacebarbations of chronic childhood asthma. Recent studies focus on the mechanism of virus-induced airway inflammatory response which is still not completely clear. Many new pathophysiologic mechanisms such as epigenetics are advanced to explain the association between viral respiratory infections and asthma attack. In the present reports, recent data on the role of early-life viral infections in the development and progression of childhood asthma are reviewed.

Objective To explore the immunoregulatory and lethal effects of natural killer T lymphocytes(NKTs) in vitro .Meth‐ods The mixed lymphocyte cultured(MLC) system was established ,in which the B16F10‐luc‐G5 cells were set as target cells ,the total lymphocyte cells were set as effector cells .(1)In the experiment on immunoregulatory effects ,NKT lymphocytes or CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes were set as regulating cells ,there was three groups ,including the NKT group ,CD4+CD25+ T group and pure target cell control group .Otherewise ,the 1640 blank control group was set by only adding RPMI1640 solution .(2)In the ex‐periment on antitumor effects ,the NKT or natural killer(NK) lymphocytes were set as killer cells ,there was three groups ,inclu‐ding the NKT group ,NK group and pure target cell control group .Mixed culturing 24 ,48 and 72 hours ,the bioluminescence of target cells in MCL system was detected by using the in vivo imaging system .Results (1)In the experiment on immunoregulatory effects ,there were statistically significant differences in measured average photon numbers between NKT group ,CD4+ CD25+ T group and the two control groups(P<0 .05) .The statistically significant differences were also found in the NKT group between 24 hours and 72 hours (P<0 .05) .(2)In the experiment on antitumor effects ,there were statistically significant differences in meas‐ured average photon numbers ,when the NKT group and NK group were compared to the pure target cell control group(P<0 .05) . After culturing 24 and 72 hours ,statistically significant differences were found between NKT group and NK group(P<0 .05) .Con‐clusion The NKT cells could inhibit the lethal effects of lymphocyte cells on target cells ,and the inhibitory effects are changed by the length of culturing .Compared with the CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes ,NKT lymphocytes have strongger regulatory effects .Addi‐tionally ,the NKT cells have lethal effects on target cells ,which might be weaker than that of NK cells .

Objective Clutching internal fixtor(CIF)loose and the fixed part weakly heal up are often found in orthopedic clinic.In the present paper,biomechanics methods were used to try to explain and analyze these issues,providing a helpful suggestion for the application of CIF in clinic.Method Commerical finite element models(FEM)Program ANSYS was applied to set up the finite element models of orthopedic CIF and bone tissue to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical performances of the NiTi shape memory alloy CIF.Results There is an interaction force between embracing force of CIF and resistant force of bone tissue during the orthopedic clinical treatment.The embracing force along two semi-circular arms of CIF is increasing from the open position and reached the maximum value at the open symmetry position where the deformation of the bone occurred.Conclusion It is the key to choose the force loading position during the practical treatment,as the concentration force is the main force when there is an interactive force between the bone and the CIF.

Objective Study on the pattern of changes of TGF-?1 and type I receptor occurred in the experimental fluid percussion brain injury model for the purpose of providing the scientific basis for molecular pathological diagnosis, forensic identification, clinical treatment as well as further ascertaining the molecular mechanism of brain injury. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, sham operation control and injury groups. The rats of injury groups were subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion brain injury (0.2 MPa). The injury groups were then subdivided into 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h,1d, 3d and 7d sub-groups according to the time elapsed after injury. Immunohistochemistry SP method was used for studing the immunoreactivity of both TGF-?1 and T?R I factors. Results (1) In the brain of normal control and sham operation control groups, the low expression levels of TGF-?1 and T?R I were observed; (2) The gradual increase of TGF-?1 and T?R I immunoreactivity could be observed 1 to 3d after injury both in cortex and brain stem, and sustained at the high level up to 7d; (3) In hippocampus, the gradual increase occur during 12h to Id after brain injury, and sustained the high level at 3d, then declined at 7d. Conclusion The results suggested that brain injury induced the gene eypressions of the TGF-?1/ T?R I . The TGF-?1/ T?R I may contribute to maintance of nerve cell survival and the repair of damaged neural tissues after CNS injury and the patterns of their level change were quite regular and can be used for timing of injury in forensic medicine aspect.

Objective To observe the characteristics of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes before and after silicone oil removal in patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods Thirty-nine eyes that underwent silicone oil removal were enrolled in this retrospective study.The patients included 24 males and 15 females,with an average age of (53.05±4.03) years,the duration of silicone oil tamponade ranged from 3 to 7 months.Best-corrected visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit lamp microscope and prelens,indirect ophthalmoscopy and fourier domain OCT were measured for all patients before and at months 1,3 and 6 after silicone oil removal.The macular microstructure were observed before and after silicone oil removal.Results Submacular fluid was detected in 6 eyes (15.38％),at the last time of follow-up,submacular fluid resolved completely in 2 eyes with disrupted ellipsoid zone,and resolved partly in 2 eyes.Disrupted ellipsoid zone were observed before silicone oil removal in 16 eyes (41.02％),6 eyes showed simultaneous disrupted ellipsoid zone and disrupted external limiting membrane,and there were 2 eyes that external limiting membrane was not identified,at the last time of follow-up,disrupted ellipsoid zone restored in 2 eyes and the extent of disrupted ellipsoid zone became reduced in 4 eyes.Cystoids macular edema were found in 2 eyes (5.12％),it resolved completely in 1 eye and resolved partly in 1 eye at the last time of follow-up.Macular epiretinal membrane was detected in 10 eyes (25.64％),and macular epiretinal membrane was found before silicone oil removal in 5 eyes,at the last time of follow-up,the membrane became thickened in 2 eye;5 eyes developed macular epiretinal membrane after silicone oil removal,at the last time of follow-up,the membrane became thickened in 1 eye.Secondary macular hole were noted in 2 eyes.Microcystic macular changes were observed in 9 eyes (23.07％),it was observed in 7 eyes before silicone oil removal,and was observed in 2 eyes after silicone oil removal,at the last time of follow-up,the cysts reduced in 1 eye.Conclusion Submacular fluid,disrupted ellipsoid zone and microcystic macular are the main macular ultrastructural changes that developed in patients with RRD before and after silicone oil removal.

Objective To study the effect of long‐acting nitrate on cardiac function and expression of AngⅡreceptor (ATR)subtypes in kidneys of chronic heart failure (CHF)rats after myocardial infarction .Methods Ninety male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks were randomly divided into control group (group A ,n=9) ,sham operation group (group B ,n=8) ,HF model group (group C ,n=9) , low Elantan dose group (group D ,n=9) ,high Elantan dose group (group E ,n=9) ,olmesartan group (group F ,n=9) ,and combined high Elantan dose and olmesartan group (group G ,n=8) .A HF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery .The animals received gastric drugs for 6 weeks .Their cardiac function was assyed by ultrasound echocardiography and expressions of AT1 R and AT2 R were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot ,respectively .Results The PRA and AngⅡexpression levels were significantly higher ,the AT1 R expression level was significantly higher and the AT2 R expression level was significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) .The PRA and AngⅡexpression levels were significantly lower ,the AT1 R expression level was significantly lower and the AT2 R expression level was significantly higher in groups E‐G than in group C (P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .The receptor expression levels were much higher in group G than in group F (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Long‐term use of long‐acting nitrate can effectively improve cardiac function and protect renal function .

Objective In order to overcome the problems that bone rongeur and Kirschner forcep's less function and easy damage, trivial and inefficient, bulky volume, bone and needle broken edge is not neat,needle tail easy spatter wounding and other defects, integrated"U"shaped cutting edge rongeurs of pruning finger-toe and bending-truncating pin is desigened. Methods Pruning-truncating rongeurs set the trimming, bending and shearing,straight and twisting, loading and unloading, filing and stripping, string devices, aintenance functions and other functions in one, compare with bone rongeurs in clinical application. Results Pruning-truncating rongeurs are molding once, manipulation convenient, light and safe, anti damage and maintenance free, cost-effective. Conclusion Pruning-truncating rongeurs are highly integrated and portable anti-lost, preparation instrument swift, man-machine coordination, sharp instrument injury prevention, to improve the operation efficiency.

This paper proposed a mobile vital-signs monitoring system based on ZigBee localization and wireless transmission technology for the elderly in nursing home. The system can monitor the vital-signs (pulse, ECG and blood oxygen), localize human body and warn in emergency. The validity and accuracy of this system were testified by the experiments of mobile acquisition and storage of pulse. In these experiments, the measurement of pulse ranged from 50 to 170 time a minute, the mean error of which was less than 3%. The mean error of localizing was less than 4 m. And the data transmission rate was 250 kbps. The system, which effectively conducts the real-time monitoring of the health and safety situation for the elderly, has a great significance for protecting the elderly's life safety.
Aged ; Equipment Design ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Nursing Homes

Objective To validate the clinical performance of a domestic fibrinogen reagent by freezing method(Clauss method) on the coagulometer Japan Sysmex CA1500.Methods The domestic fibrinogen reagent as the reagent A and the Germany Siemens Dade thrombin reagent as the reagent D,the Clauss method was adopted to measure the within-run precision and between-run preci-sion in two levels of quality control respectively.The reference value range was verified by the reagent A in 165 cases of normal clin-ical samples.The fibrinogen detection results in 200 cases of clinical samples were compared between by the reagent A and the rea-gent D.The significance test and the equivalence test were performed.Results The within-run precision CV of the reagent A and D in two levels of quality control were 4.28%,6.98% and 3.45%,5.22% respectively,the between-run precision CV of the reagent A and D in two levels of quality control were 6.23%,10.34% and 6.20%,9.89% respectively,the differences had no statistical significance(P >0.05).The reference value range of the reagent A was 2.08 -3.92 g/L.The fibrinogen detection results of the clinical samples by the reagent A and D had the statistically significant differences (P =0.025).But the 90% bilateral confidence in-terval(90%CI :-0.09,0.15)of the difference in the mean detection results by these two reagents located in the equivalent interval (-0.27,0.27).Conclusion The domestic fibrinogen reagent for Clauss method has reliable detection results and is suitable for the coagulometer Japan Sysmex CA1500,which is equivalent to the clinical application of Germany Siemens Dade thrombin reagent.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of fetal rats in vitro.Methods The isolated hippocampal neurons were seeded into 96-well plates or 24-well plates at a density of 5 × 104 cells/ml.The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),in tralipid group (group Ⅰ) and propofol 1,10,100 μmol/L groups (P1-3 groups).In group Ⅰ,10％ intralipid was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 100 μmol/L.In groups P1-3,propofol was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 1,10 and 100 μmol/L,respectively,and the cells were then incubated for 3 h.The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and caspase-3 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The expression of Bcl-2 and actived-caspase-3 protein was determined by Western blot analysis.The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was down-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and actived-caspase-3 protein was up-regulated in P1-3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅰ and group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol induces apoptosis in isolated hippocampal neurons by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression and enhancing caspase-3 activity in fetal rats.