Purpose　The aim is to study the transduction of m urine stem cell factor(SCF) into umbilical blood cells by LipofectinRMmediated and expression in them.Methods　Murine SCF cDNA encoding extra cellu lar domain was isolated using PCR from plasmid pRC/CMV(containing SCF gene), and then recombined into the expression vector pcDNA3,and transferred into enrichme nt cultural umbilical blood cells. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to examin e the expression on mRNA level.And the effects of supernatant of transfected umb ilical blood cells were investigated alone or in coordinate with GM-CSF by colo ny formation test of human bone marrow cells in semisolid culture.Results 　SCF mRNA was expressed in transfected umbilical blood cells.The su pernat ant of transfected umbilical blood cells could increase the number of CFU-GM, s ynergizing with GM-CSF.Conclusion　The supernatant of umbil ical b lood cells transfected with vector containing mSCF gene can stimulate the colony formation of human bone marrow cells in combination with GM-CSF.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of fetal rats in vitro.Methods The isolated hippocampal neurons were seeded into 96-well plates or 24-well plates at a density of 5 × 104 cells/ml.The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),in tralipid group (group Ⅰ) and propofol 1,10,100 μmol/L groups (P1-3 groups).In group Ⅰ,10％ intralipid was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 100 μmol/L.In groups P1-3,propofol was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 1,10 and 100 μmol/L,respectively,and the cells were then incubated for 3 h.The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and caspase-3 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The expression of Bcl-2 and actived-caspase-3 protein was determined by Western blot analysis.The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was down-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and actived-caspase-3 protein was up-regulated in P1-3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅰ and group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol induces apoptosis in isolated hippocampal neurons by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression and enhancing caspase-3 activity in fetal rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity in hippocampal neurons of fetal rats in vitro .Methods Ten pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 16-18 days of gestation ,were sacrificed and the fetal rats were taken out from the abdominal cavity .The hippocampal neurons of the fetal rats were isolated and seeded in culture plates .After being cultured for 9 days ,the neurons were divided into 7 groups ( n=12 each ) using a random number table :control group (C group) ,intralipid group (I group) and propofol 0.1 ,1 ,10 ,100 ,1 000 μmol/L groups (P1-5 groups) .In group I ,10% intralipid was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 100μmol/L .In P1-5 groups ,propofol was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 0.1 ,1 ,10 , 100 and 1 000μmol/L ,respectively .The cells were then incubated for 3 h .The [Ca2+ ]i and cellular morphology of hippocampal neurons were examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy before incubation with propofol and within 10 min after the end of incubation with propofol .The expression of NF-κB protein in the nucleus was detected at 7 days after the end of incubation with propofol by Western blot analysis to reflect NF-κB activity . Results Propofol increased [Ca2+ ]i in P2-4 groups ,while decreased [Ca2+ ]i in group P5 ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with group C ,the activity of NF-κB was significantly decreased in P1-5 groups ( P<0.05 ) ,while no significant change was found in C and I groups ( P>0.05 ) .The structure of hippocampal neurons was normal in C ,I and P1 groups .The branchings of axons and dendrites in hippocampal neurons were significantly decreased in P 2-4 groups , while the structure of hippocampal neurons became fuzzy , the cell membrane was destroyed and the axons and dendrites were not seen in group P5 .Conclusion Propofol can produce neurotoxic effects on hippocampal neurons of fetal rats by changing the [Ca2+ ]i and promoting NF-κB activation in vitro .

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the correlation between Interntion Normalized Ratio(INR)with concentration of warfarin enantiomer and dose density after cardiac valve replacement. METHODS:The plasma concentration of R-warfarin or S-warfarin, dose of unit weight and INR of 176 patients with anticoagulation after cardiac valve replacement in each time point were moni-tored,and the correlation of INR and warfarin plasma concentration or dose was observed. RESULTS:Doses of all patients in 24-288 h were significantly higher than 0 h,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001),the dose was fluctuated within a certain range after 96 h,and compared with 96 h,there were no significant differences(P>0.05). Average plasma concentration of R-warfarin or S-warfarin had consistent trend,plasma concentration of enantiomers was fluctuated within a certain range after 108 h,there were no significant differences(P>0.05). Compared with 0 h,there was no significant difference when INR was 12 h (P>0.05),it increased significantly in 36 h and had been increasing,then fluctuated within a certain range after 108 h,compared with 108 h,there were no significant differences(P>0.05). The correlation coefficient between INR and unit weight dose of warfa-rin in 60 h>36 h>12 h,it showed correlation(P<0.001). There was certain correlation between plasma concentration of warfarin and dose density in 12,36 and 60 h. CONCLUSIONS:The correlation between plasma concentration of warfarin and unit weight dose is stronger than the correlation between INR and unit weight dose. When combined with other coagulation,it may help to man-age warfarin dose.

A 65-year-old woman presented with intermittent right hand numbness and elevated serum creatinine for more than 2 months. The histological examination of kidney biopsy showed renal arterioles occlusion and interstitial fibrosis. Pathological abnormality was originally considered as a part of systemic atherosclerosis. Thus, rosuvastatin 20 mg/d, fosinopril 10 mg/d, metoprolol 47.5 mg/d and aspirin 0.1g/d were administrated. No improvement of renal function was seen. Further Congo red staining was applied. Diffuse amorphous eosinophilic substance was deposited in interlobular artery and small arteriolar artery. Combined with the abnormal free light chain (FLC) level and ratio (serum κ 340 mg/L, κ/λ 10.932), the diagnosis of systematic light-chain amyloidosis was confirmed. The patient received 3 courses of chemotherapy regimen as BCD (bortezomib 2 mg d1, 8, 15, 22, cyclophosphamide 0.3 g d1, 8, 15, 22 and dexamethasone 40 mg d1, 8, 15, 22). A hematologic partial response was achieved and serum creatinine decreased to 180 μmol/L.

AIM:To detect the existence of signal joint T-cell receptor excision DNA circles(sjTRECs)of 23 TCR V? subfamilies in mononuclear cells of patients with multiple myeloma(MM),and to evaluate the recent thymic emigrants of corresponding V? subfamily nave T cells in MM patients.METHODS:23 TCR V? subfamily sjTRECs were amplified in genomic DNA from 5?104 PBMCs of 12 cases in MM patients by using semi-nest PCR.10 normal individuals served as controls.RESULTS:The number of detectable V? subfamily sjTRECs was 5.00?2.45 from MM patients,as compared with 9.60?5.48 from normal individuals,the difference was significant(P

Objective To observe the effect of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) on the megalin defect in type 1 diabetic mice with early kidney disease.Methods 7-8 week-old,baseline body weight and fasting blood glucose matched wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were selected,and randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=6) and WT DM group (n=6).In the same way,male A1AR knock-out C57BL/6J mice were selected as A1AR-/-DM group (n=6).DM model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin.The blood glucose (BG),body weight (BW),kidney weight (KW),24 h proteinuria (24hUP) and albumin creatine ratio (ACR) were measured at 4 weeks.The renal pathological lesion was observed and the expression of megalin in proximal tubules was examined by immunohistochemistry.The expression of caspase-1,IL-18 and A1AR were detected by Western blotting.Results At 4th week,compared with WT control mice,the BG,BW,KW and 24hUP of WT DM mice were increased significantly (n=6,P ＜ 0.01),with the pathological glomerular enlargement,mesangial cell proliferation,extracellular matrix accumulation and renal tubule hypertrophy being observed.Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of megalin,an important multiligand protein receptor on the brush border of proximal tubular epithelial cells in WT DM mice,which was correlated with 24hUP (r=-0.645,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control mice,the expressions of caspase-1,IL-18 and A1AR were significantly increased in WT DM mice (P ＜ 0.05).For A1AR-/-DM mice,more serious pathological lesion and megalin defect,together with increasing of casapase-1 and heavier proteinuria were observed than those in WT DM mice.Conclusion A1AR may play a protective role in megalin expression of diabetic mice with early kidney disease,in which the mechanism may be associated with caspase-1 related pyroptosis pathway.The details need further exploration.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis(IE) and acute kidney injury(AKI),and to evaluate the effect of timely operation on prognosis of renal function.MethodsClinical data of 45 IE and AKI cases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2010 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed;among them 8 cases underwent renal biopsy and the pathologies were analyzed.Patients were divided into Operation group(22 cases) and Non-operation group(23 cases),the clinical data and prognosis were compared.Results The ratio of male to female was 2.46:1 and the average age was 48.3±16.6.35.6% of cases were found with basic valve diseases,the congenital valve diseases were the most common type.The most frequently infected valves were mitral valve(46.7%),aortic valve(28.9%) and prosthetic valve(8.9%) ordinally.The most common pathogenic bacteria were streptococcus(46.7%) and staphylococcus(35.6%).Some rare and special pathogen could also be found in these cases.In 8 cases underwent renal biopsy,3 cases were diagnosed as crescentic nephritis,2 cases were diagnosed as focal proliferative glomerulone-phritis and mesangial prolif-erative glomerulonephritis respectively,1 case was diagnosed as acute interstitial nephritis.C3 sedimentation was the most common phenomenon found in immunofluorescence.There was no significant difference between the baseline data of Operation and Non-operation groups,and neither was the survival rate.However,renal function recovered better in Operation group(P<0.05): the serum creatinine declined remarkably in 7 days(P<0.05) and 30 days(P<0.01)post operation,compared with the peak valve before operation.Conclusions The underline valve diseases and pathogen have been changed in IE as compared with traditional description.Crescentic nephritis is common in renal pathologic manifestation when parenchymal lesion is developed after the onset of IE.Timely operation can improve the renal prognosis in patients with IE and AKI.

Objeetive: To understand the recurrence of tuberculosis patients in Yunnan Province and its influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods: Through the tuberculosis management information system, the data of successful treatment of tuberculosis cases in Yunnan Province in 2013 and the data of recurrent tuberculosis cases in Yunnan Province in 2014-2018 were collected. The recurrence rate,recurrence proportion and recurrence time of tuberculosis were analyzed, and the influencing factors of tuberculosis recurrence were analyzed by Cox multi factor proportional risk model. Results : A total of 9787 cases of tuberculosis were investigated. 385 cases recurred in 5 years, accounting for 3.94%. The recurrence rate was 0.73/100 person years. The recurrence interval [M （QR）] was 35.12 （28.57） months. The following are the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence：male（HR=1.297,95%CI：1.031~1.631）,secondary tuberculosis(HR=2.000,95%CI：1.088~3.676) in the 40-59 age group（HR=1.618,95%CI：1.036-2.528）, the retreatment（HR=1.566,95%CI：1.040-2.356）,positive of sputum culture（HR=4.048,95%CI：1.795-9.129）and sputum?smear positive（HR=1.569,95%CI：1.266-1.945）, cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis（ HR=1.382,95%CI：1.112-1.716）. Conclusion The recurrence rate of tuberculosis is low in Yunnnan province, and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence is high in male, in the 40-59 age group,retreatment,positive of sputum culture only and sputum smear positive,patients with cavitary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of Fabry disease in Chinese patients. Methods This retrospective study included all in-patients Fabry disease patients at PUMC Hospital from 2004 to 2014.Results The 12 patients included 10 males and 2 females.The middle age at onset was 10.The most fre-quent symptoms in our group were pain(10/12), angiokeratoma(9/12), renal abnormalities (7/12), hearing loss ( 6/12 ) , hypohidrosis ( 5/12 ) , cardiac abnormalities ( 5/12 ) , cerebrovascular abnormalities ( 3/12 ) and ophthalmological abnormalities ( 3/12 ) .The severe clinical manifestations were more frequently found in males . Electron microscopy plays a very important role in pathological diagnosis of Fabry disease .7 patients were suspec-ted to have family history .5 patients were examined regularly in which 4 cases were stable , and 1 patient re-ceived hemodialysis after 3 years'follow-up.Conclusions Onset of Fabry disease is early, many organs could be involved and patients may have different clinical manifestations.There are great differences in clinical features be-tween male and female patients .