Colorectal cancer (CRC),a common gastrointestinal malignancy,has been a threat to the health and life of human being.CRC is concealed with no obvious clinical symptoms or signs.Therefore,most of the patients have been in the middle and advanced stage when CRC has been diagnosed.Thus it seriously affects the prognosis and life.Accordingly,early diagnosis is crucial in earlier treating,prognosis improving and survivability increasing.In recent years,the morbidity and mortality of CRC are still on the rise.Hence,how to improve the early diagnosis rate has been a research focus in clinical study.Based on this point,the author makes a literature review on the early diagnosis of CRC.

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of urinary tract infection(UTI)in infants,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods One hundred and eighty-eight cases of hospitalized infants with UTI diagnosis standard in Department of Pediatric Renal Rheumatism Immunology,Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from January 2012 to January 2015 were collected,and on the basis of the imaging they were divided into complex group(complicated UTIs) and non-complex group(non-complicated UTIs),the differences between 2 groups in the general condition,clinical manifestations,serological examination,urine culture and distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity results were analyzed.Results Among 188 UTI infants,148 were male and 40 were female,50 cases were in complex group (26.6％),and 138 cases were in non-complex group (73.4％).In complex group,the prevalence of prenatal ultrasound abnormalities (34.0％),the incidence of recurrent infections(24.0％),the number of fever incidence(78.0％),and peripheral WBC count [(16.4 ± 4.3) × 109/L] were higher than those in non-complex group[1.5％,10.9％,58.7％,(14.6 ± 3.5) × 109/L] (all P ＜ 0.05),and the naked eye hematuria incidence was lower than that of the non-complex group (14.0％ vs 34.8％,P =0.006).In complex group,pneumonia klebsiella bacteria positive rate was higher than that of non-complex group (22.0％ vs 2.9％,P =0.000),and the positive rate of Escherichia coli was lower than that of non-complex group(26.0％ vs 46.4％,P =0.000).There was no difference in the drug sensitivity and resistance of the pathogenic bacteria in the urine culture of 2 groups.Conclusions For fever,increased peripheral WBC,repeated infection and urine culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI infants,in particular,should be alert to the prese-nce of urinary tract abnormalities,timely improve the urinary system ultrasound and urinary tract contrast is very necessary.

Thetherapeuticeffectsofintermitentcyclicetidronatedisodium(HEBP)ofdifferentdosesonovariectomy-inducedosteoporosiswerestudied.53femaleWistarrats,weighingwithanaver-ageof266gmwererandomlydividedinto5groups.Gourp1hadbilateralovariectomy(OVX)andwasgivenlowdoseHEBPof25mg/kgBW/day;group2hadOVXandgivenmediumdoseHEBPof36mg/kgBW/day;group3hadOVXandgivenhighdoseHEBPof51mg/kgBW/day;group4hadOVXandgroup5hadshamOVX.HEBPwasadministratedoralyduringfastingfor5daysfolowedbyarestperiodof25daysandtheregimewasrepeatedfor3times.Alanimalsweresacrificedat90thdayafterOVX.RadioimmunoassayofserumestradiolconfirmedthesuccessofOVX.TheserumCaandPcon-tent,AKPaseactivity,femoralrelativedryweight,CaandPcontentwereanalysedrespectively.Therighttibiaewereprocessedundecalcifiedforquantitativebonehistomorphometry.TheresultsshowedthatthebonecalciumcontentandtrabecularbonevolumeofOVX-ratstreatedwithHEBP,especialywiththelowdosegroupwerehigherthanthatofthesimplyOVX-ratandtheboneturnoverparameterssuchasAKPaseactivity,boneformationsurface,boneresorptionsurface,activeformationsurface,bonemineralappositionrateandboneformationratewerelowerthanthoseofthesimplyOVX-rat.TheresultsindicatetheHEBPcouldretardthedegreeofosteopososisthroughreducingtheelevatedboneresorptionandboneturnoverinducedbyOVX.Meanwhile,theresultssuggestthattheefectoflowdoseHEBP(25mg/kgBW/day)wasmoreefectivethanthatofthehighdose.

Objective To summarize our clinical experience of prophylaxis and treatment for complications associated with catheterization of brachial artery. Methods 87 patients underwent endovascular treatment via brachial artery. Complications associated with catheterization of brachial artery were retrospectively analyzed. Results Under ultrasonic guidance the catheterization procedure of brachial artery was successful in all 87 patients. The success rate of cannulation was 100%. In 53 patients(61% ) ultrasonic guided cannulation was successful at the first attempt, the other 35 (39% ) with 2 or more than 2 times puncture. Complications associated with catheterization of brachial artery were detected in 16 cases. The complication rate was 18. 4%. Guidewire insertion into peri vascular compartment took place in 4 cases (4. 6% ). Episodes of local hematomas were noted in 11 cases( 12. 6% ) and in three of the 11 cases nerve injuries were detected (one of which was of late-onset type). Brachial artery pseudoaneurysm was found in 1 case(1.2%). Conclusion Familiarity with the anatomical features of the brachial access, skillful application of the techniques for the catheterization, full understanding of complications and sufficient preparation of treatment strategies can prevent those complications effectively.

Objective To investigate the expression and the significance of AQP2 in the kidneys of septic rats. Methods Sixty-four Wistar rats of 6 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: sham group and the septic model group. Septic models were made by cecum ligation perforation (CLP). Fach group was divided into 3-hour,6-hour,12-hour and 24-hour subgroups,with 8 rats in each. The urine,blood and kidney sampies were collected. The urine volume ,urine osmotic pressure and renal function were observed. The expressions of AQP2 protein in rats' kidneys were determined by using immunohistochemical method and the expressions of AQP2 mRNA with real-time PCR. The pathological changes of the kidneys were observed under light microscopy. Results After CLP,urea volume of Wistar rats in septic model group decreased and urine osmotic pressure increased at 3 hours; urea volume gradually increased and urine osmotic pressure decreased at 6 hours; Serum Cr and urea nitrogen began to increase at 6 hours and reached the peak at 24 hours. The longer the time lasted after CLP,the more serious the injury of kidney became,which was mainly manifested as that the space between the epithelial cells of the tubular wall disappeared,nucleus disappeared,glomerular loops fused,and cell structure was unclear. Renal mesenchymal was infiltrated with inflammatory cells. AQP2 mRNA expression increased at 3 hours,decreased at 12 hours and 24 hours ,AQP2 protein expression decreased at 12 hours,with the lowest at 24 hours,which were significantly different from those of the sham groups(P<0.05). Conclusion AQP2 may regulate the water metabolism of septic rats' kidney. The decreased AQP2 protein expression is one of the main pathological mechanisms that results in dysfunction of urine concentration in sepsis.

Objective To study the antitumor activity of betaine and its effect on the glycometabolism of S_(180) bearing mice. Methods On the basis of S_(180) bearing mice, taking tumor inhibition rate, the activity of LDH and ALD in serum as indexes which were determined by test kits. Results The different dosages for tumor inhibition rate of betaine are 39.8%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively, betaine of high dosage can remarkably decrease the activity of LDH, and ALD (P

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) refers to the ischemic tissues or organs to regain perfusion on tissue and organ damage.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated by the mitochondrial and the change of the mitochondrial permeability can be induced mitophagy.And dysfunction of the mitophagy is closely related to the body a variety of disease.This article aims to introduce the research of progress about mitophagy in recent years,especially the role it play in the ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To explore the role of salidroside in HIRI and its related mechanism. MethodsA total of 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the model group, the low, medium and high dose group, 18 rats in each group. The low, medium and high dose group rats were injected with 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg salidroside solution, and the sham group and model group were injected with saline in the same volume, one time per day. After 7 days, all the rats were set up with the model of IR except the rats in Sham groups. The AST and ALT of serum, contrast between groups liver tissue by Optical microscope with HE dyeing at 4, 8, 16 h after reperfusion. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of protein of MAPK, JNK, ERK and NF-κB.ResultsFour, 8, 16 h after reperfusion, the level of ALT (540.67 ± 15.91 U/L vs.697.67 ± 5.98 U/L, 307.50 ± 12.97 U/L vs.962.50 ± 17.63 U/L, 103.33 ± 3.95 U/L vs.198.17 ± 9.73 U/L) and AST (651.17 ± 7.39 U/L vs.944.67 ± 11.38 U/L, 415.50 ± 10.97 U/L vs.1561.83 ± 15.76 U/L, 168.33 ± 5.81 U/L vs. 280.33 ± 12.35 U/L) in the high dose group were significantly lower than those in the model group. Eight and 16 hours after reperfusion, the expression of MAPK (1.28 ± 0.19 vs. 2.10 ± 0.12, 1.64 ± 0.14 vs.1.89 ± 0.14), JNK (1.80 ± 0.10 vs. 2.42 ± 0.11, 0.84 ± 0.17 vs. 3.32 ± 0.19), ERK (2.43 ± 0.10 vs.5.95 ± 0.09, 2.07 ± 0.13 vs. 6.61 ± 0.14), NF-κB (2.32 ± 0.16 vs. 3.08 ± 0.10, 2.11 ± 0.13 vs. 2.74 ± 0.17) in the high dose group were significantly lower than the model group (P<0.05).Conclusions The salidroside could reduce the liver ischemia- reperfusion injury, and its mechanisms may rugulate the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) is a functional disease,characterized by nauseating,vomiting,and gastric atony without of mechanical gastric outlet obstruction,and is ofen caused by operation at the abdomen,especially gastric and pancreatic operation.In recent years,the incidence rate of PGS presents ascendant tendency,and more and more doctor attach importance to PGS.A better knowledge of the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of PGS can help decrease the incidence rate of PGS and improve the cure rate of PGS.Thus,the authors write this review about these aspects of PGS.