Objective To explore the effect of peritoneal dialysis to treat renal failure in children.Methods There were 11 admitted patients of renal failure in our department from July 2003 to April 2008.Their clinical data and follow-up results were analyzed.Results No patient was dead during treatment.The average time of peritoneal dialysis treatment in the children with acute renal failure was 15.5 days in hospital,which was 22.8 days in the chronic patients.After treatment the levels of serum nitrogen and creatine were decreased significantly from (34.03±8.44)mmol/L and (710.09±167.54)μmol/L to (15.94±4.93)mmol/L and (233.87±92.71)μmol/L (P＜0.01).The serum sodium and bicarbonate ion were increased from (130.91±9.15)mmol/L and (14.56±2.07)mmol/L to (139.46±3.98)mmol/L and (22.47±3.29)mmol/L (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The duration of follow-up were from one month to 5 years.The level of serum nitrogen and creatine in 5 patients of acute renal failure were normal and the analysis of urine was also normal during follow-up.One patient had renal transplantation after peritoneal dialysis.Three patients still regularly underwent peritoneal dialysis.Conclusion The peritoneal dialysis combining with multi-modality treatment was the better style of renal replacement therapy in renal failure patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of β-arrestin2 and microtubule-associated pro-tein light chain(LC)3 in renal of rat with acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury,and to analyze the relation-ship between them and renal injury. Methods Fifty-four male SD rat(3-4 weeks old) were randomly divid-ed into three groups:control group,sham group,acute ischemic reperfusion injury group. We established the acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury model through removing the right kidney and clamping the left renal for 45 minutes with noninvasive arterial clip. We obtained the kidney and blood samples respectively at 12 h, 24 h,36 h,48 h,72 h,96 h after the surgery. Expressions ofβ-arrestin2 and LC3 protein were detected by the immunohistochemistry method and Western blot method. The renal function and morphological changes were assessed. Results Compared with control group and sham group,the serum creatinine and kidney pathologi-cal grading of acute ischemia reperfusion injury group obviously rised. The kidney injury was the most serious at the 24 h after acute ischemic reperfusion injury. The expressions of β-arrestin2 and LC3 were little in the control group and sham group. However,the expressions of these two indicators were obviously higher and reached the peak at the 12 h after acute ischemia reperfusion injury. All these results suggested that the chan-ges of these two indicators were anterior to the histopathological changes. The expressions ofβ-arrestin 2 and LC3 protein were in positive correlation with the kidney injury(r=0. 821,P<0. 05;r=0. 913,P<0. 05). Conclusion In the acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury,β-arrestin2 may be as a kind of upstream regula-tory protein involving in the kidney pathological process through the regulation of the autophagy.

To observe the changes in content of monoamine neurotransmitters in the serum of rhesus macaques, and explore the role of serum monoamine neurotransmitters in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and liver-qi depression induced by anger-in emotion.

Objective To investigate the function of metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP 2) in neonatal acute lung injury(ALI) caused by LPS in rats. Methods Eighty eight newborn rats of 7 days were randomly divided into eight groups: control, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h after LPS was injected. The changes of lung pathology in newborn rats were observed and the changes of MMP 2 and TIMP 2 expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT PCR. Results Pulmonary hemorrhage was seen in newborn rats caused by LPS. The expression of MMP 2 mRNA and protein were 0.523?0.030 and 126.20?17.98; The expression of MMP 2 mRNA increased and the highest level was at 4 h(0.826?0.567, t=3.77, P

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV23) combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke.Methods A total of 84 patients with dysphagia after stroke who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups, 42 in each. The control group received swallowing rehabilitation training, and the observation group was treated with acupuncture therapy based on deep acupuncture atLianquan (CV23) combined with swallowing rehabilitation training. The VFSS score and clinical efficacy were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment.Results The cure rate of observation group was 69.1% (29/42), the total effective rate 85.7% (36/42), while the control group were 42.86% (18/42) and 66.67% (28/42). The comparison of cure rate and total efficiency rate between the two group had statistically significant differences (χ2=5.845, 4.200,P=0.016, 0.040). After treatment, the VFSS score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (7.43 ± 2.27vs.4.31 ± 1.53;t=5.433, P<0.05). The recovery time of the 29 cured patients in the observation group was (12.0 ± 3.0) d, while the recovery time of the 18 cured patients in the control group was (17.8 ± 2.2) d. There was statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t=7.094,P=0.001).Conclusions Deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV23) combined with swallowing rehabilitation training can improve the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia after stroke, shorten the recovery time of swallowing function and improve the clinical efficacy.

Objective To introduce the applied value of Soap-Bubble reformatting and quantitative analysis of coronary MRA.Methods Reformatting and quantitative coronary of 3D coronary MRA were performed in twenty cases by using Soap-Bubble visualization following computer-assisted image segmentation respectively.The average vessel length,diameter and sharpness of coronary vessel can be measured.The imaging of coronary vessel was quantitative analyzed.Results 3D coronary MRA was successfully completed in 20 cases.The average vessel length of RCA /LM+LAD/LCX was(111?31) mm/(84?14) mm/(48?12) mm.The average vessel diameter of RCA /LM+LAD/LCX was(3.0?0.4 mm)/(2.9?0.3) mm/(2.4?0.2) mm.The sharpness of RCA /LM+LAD/LCX was(44?13)%/(43?15)%/(31?18)%.Conclusion Soap-Bubble enables the simultaneous display of multiple coronary segments in one 2D representation.The coronary vessel can be quantitative analyzed.

Objective To investigate risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients with craniocerebral operation,and provide reference for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods A total of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery in a neurosurgery department from January 2010 to December 2012 were enrolled in the study,the risk fac-tors for HAI were analyzed.Results Of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery,393 patients developed 446 times of post-operative HAI,HAI incidence rate was 9.26%,case infection rate was 10.50%,which were higher than inci-dence (2.02%)and case infection rate (3.02%)of HAI of all hospital during the same period,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =811 .06,629.30,respectively,P <0.001).The major infection site was central nervous system (56.50%),followed by respiratory system (27.36%).Unconditional univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,age,community-acquired infection,primary disease,operative time,length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU)before infection,the number of surgery,invasive procedures and nasogastric tube,the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05 ).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,elderly pa-tients,congenital brain diseases,stay in ICU>7 d,antimicrobial use >7 d,central venous and urinary tract cathe-terization,invasive ventilator were risk factors for HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation.Conclusion The incidence of HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation is high,effective preventive and control measures accord-ing to risk factors should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of HAI.

Objective To compare the treatment response of plasma exchange and immunoadsorption for children suffering from severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and then find the more advantageous treatment method.Methods Between March 2007 and March 2013,27 children with severe SLE were collected from the Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.Part of them about 11 children accepted plasma exchange treatment (plasma exchang group) and the others accepted immunoadsorption(immunoadsorption group).The clinical features,ANA,IgG,serum ions,the cost of treatment and the hospitalization time were reviewed,and the comparative analysis were performed in two groups.Results There were comparabilities between plasma exchange group and immunoadsorption group in age,gender,couse of disease and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index(SLEDAI) score before treatment.(1)In plasma exchang group,11 children were conducted 26 times treatment.The SLEDAI score significantly decreased after plasma exchange (19.00 ± 3.77 vs 5.34 ± 4.35,P ＜0.05),and the ANA and IgG significantly decreased as well[2 439.58 ± 1 430.56 vs 303.54 ± 169.32; (8.35 ± 5.67) g/L vs (4.04 ± 2.23) g/L,P ＜ 0.05].(2) There were 16 children in immunoadsorption group,they accepted immunoadsorption treatment about 44 times.The SLEDAI score after immunoadsorption significantly decreased (18.25 ± 4.62 vs 4.25 ± 2.23,P ＜ 0.05),and the ANA and IgG significantly decreased as well [2 560.39 ± 1 563.78 vs 289.62 ± 137.62 ; (9.98 ± 6.03) g/L vs (3.23 ± 1.37) g/L,P ＜0.05].(3) There were no statistical differences in the value of SLEDAI score,ANA and IgG after the treatment between two groups.(4) The concentrations of serum potassium,sodium and chlorine and calcium in the children treated by plasma exchange or immunoadsorption were consistent with the original.(5) The hospitalization expense in plasma exchange group was distinctly higher than that of immunoadsorption group (P ＜ 0.05).(6) There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization between two groups [(33.6 ± 8.60) d vs (31.9 ± 14.6) d,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion The treatment both plasma exchange and immunoadsorption were effective methods for the children with severe SLE.However,the cost of plasma exchange was much higher and had a great influence on the concentration of antihypertensive drugs.

Objective To identify uropathogens responsible for urinary tract infection in children less than 5 years of age and determine the antibiograms.Methods The data of 523 children(2 months to 5 years old) admitted at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2008 to December 2013 were studied retrospectively.Results Out of 523 children suffering from urinary tract infection,54 (10.3％) were complicated urinary tract infection,including 24 vesicoureteral reflux,8 ureter-pelvic junction stenosis,5 hydronephrosis,4 double kidneys,2 renal dysplasia,2 bladder diverticula,2 bladder ear,2 neurogenic bladder,1 urethral vaginal fistula,1 congenital megaureter,1 horseshoe kidney,and 1 Ureteral cyst and stone.A total of 487 cases underwent urine culture,207 (42.5 ％) had positive bacterial growth,the gramnegative bacteria accounted for 94.69％,gram-positive bacteria 5.31％.E coli was the most common uropathogens in gram-negative bacteria (79.23 ％),the second was Klebsiella (5.31％),the third was Proteus mirabilis(2.90％).Gram-positive bacteria was almost Enterococcus (4.35％).Twenty one strains were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme positive(ESBLs +),and they were sensitive to imipenem,amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam.Conclusion The clinical features were atypical in children with urinary tract infection,we should investigate the underlying causes such as urinary anomalies or stones.E coli was still the most common uropathogens in children with urinary tract infection,the empirical therapy should according to the patient's conditions while awaiting the culture and sensitivity results.

Objective To examine the clinical features and long - term outcome of pediatric IgA nephropathy and to explore the clinical effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil(MMF)and Cyclophosphomide(CTX)in children with IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome(NS). Methods A single - centre,retrospective,observational study of 115 chil-dren with IgA nephropathy from 2004 to 2013 in Pediatric Nephrology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed retrospectively for age,sex,medical history,presenting symptoms,medications,follow - up duration and the responsiveness to treatment. Results In all children,NS occurred in 20(17. 4% ). There were 35 patients(30. 4% )with non - NS and 60 patients(52. 2% )with isolated hematuria. No special treatment in patients with IgA nephropathy with isolated hematuria. Among patients with proteinuria less than 20 mg/(kg·d),12 patients were treated with angiotensin - converting - enzyme - inhibitor(ACEI),8 patients were trea-ted with ACEI and corticosteroid. At all time points,mean proteinuria was significantly decreased in ACEI and cortico-steroid group compared with ACEI group(P ﹤ 0. 001). Patients with 20 - 49 mg/(kg·d)proteinuria were treated with ACEI and corticosteroid. At all time points,mean proteinuria was significantly decreased compared with the prior time point. Patients with NS were treated with MMF and corticosteroid or CTX and corticosteroid. Eleven patients were trea-ted with MMF,9 patients were treated with CTX. A significantly difference was seen after 3 months in proteinuria greater decrease from pretreatment in CTX group than those in MMF group(P ﹤ 0. 001). No significant difference in proteinuria was observed at other time point. No significant change in white blood cell count was observed in MMF group and CTX group. No serious complication developed in any patient during treatment. During the median follow - up of 35. 2 months (range 4. 0 - 124. 6 months),no patient progressed to end stage renal disease. Conclusions IgA nephropathy patients with isolated hematuria should be long - term followed up. Children with non - nephrotic - range proteinuria should be treated with ACEI or corticosteroid. Patients with NS should be treated with corticosteroid and MMF or CTX. The long -term prognosis within 3 - 5 years should be good if proteinuria within normal range in pediatric IgA nephropathy pa-tients.