Objective To investigate the effect of CareDose 4D combined with Care kV on CT pulmonary ground glass nodule ( GGN) with respect to quality and radiation dose. Methods The thoracic model containing 6 GGN was performed by using 7 low-dose schemes. The CareDose 4D + Care kV was adopted in scheme 1. In schemes 2, 3 and 4, the tube voltage was 120 kV, and the tube current 30, 20 and 10 mAs respectively. In schemes 5, 6 and 7, the tube voltage was 100 kV, and the tube current was 30, 20 and 10 mAs, respectively. The image quality [ CT value, contrast noise ratio ( CNR) , noise value (SD) and subjective score] and effective dose (E) were compared. Results There was no statistically significant difference in CT value of GGN among different schemes (P>0. 05). The SD of scheme 1 was higher than those of schemes 2, 3 and 5, but lower than those f scheme 7, while the CNR of scheme 1 was lower than those of schemes 2, 3 and 5, but higher than that of scheme 7 ( t=13. 020, 9. 560, 8. 120,-5. 720, -7. 849, -5. 192, -4. 130, 1. 361,P<0. 05). SD and CNR of scheme 1 were not significantly different from those of scheme 4 and 6 ( P>0. 05) . The subjective scores of each GGN of schemes 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 was over 3 points, but and the subjective scores of one GGN of each of schemes 4 and 7 were below 3 points. The value E of the scheme 1 was reduced by 63. 0％, 44. 4％, 38. 8％, and 9. 1％, compared with the schemes 2, 3, 5 and 6, respectively. Conclusions CareDose 4D combined with Care kV in low-dose lung CT scan can ensure the image quality of GGN and reduce the radiation dose effectively.

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of demoralization syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage.Methods A total of 444 pa-tients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage were selected as study subjects from four tertiary hospitals in Changsha,Hunan Province using a convenient sampling method.The survey was conduc-ted using a general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Demoralization Scale,the Social Support Rating Scale,the Chinese version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.Results The incidence of demoralization syndrome in pa-tients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage was 71.62％,with a mean total score of(38.21±14.34)for the Demoralization Scale.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that prima-ry disease,the number of complications,Child-Pugh classification,coping style,illness perception,and social support were influencing factors of demoralization syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage(P＜0.05).Conclusion The demoralization syndrome in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is at a severe level,and its main influencing factors are primary disease,the number of complications,Child-Pugh classification,social support,illness perception,and coping style.Healthcare professionals should regularly assess the level of demoralization syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis at decompensated stage and adopt targeted interventions to improve their psycholog-ical status.

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of demoralization syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage.Methods A total of 444 pa-tients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage were selected as study subjects from four tertiary hospitals in Changsha,Hunan Province using a convenient sampling method.The survey was conduc-ted using a general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Demoralization Scale,the Social Support Rating Scale,the Chinese version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.Results The incidence of demoralization syndrome in pa-tients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage was 71.62％,with a mean total score of(38.21±14.34)for the Demoralization Scale.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that prima-ry disease,the number of complications,Child-Pugh classification,coping style,illness perception,and social support were influencing factors of demoralization syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis at the decompensated stage(P＜0.05).Conclusion The demoralization syndrome in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is at a severe level,and its main influencing factors are primary disease,the number of complications,Child-Pugh classification,social support,illness perception,and coping style.Healthcare professionals should regularly assess the level of demoralization syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis at decompensated stage and adopt targeted interventions to improve their psycholog-ical status.