Objective To evaluate the clinical applications of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Methods From Jan.2002 to Apr.2004 60 patients in Dalan Municipal Central Hospital were randomly assigned to receire conventional oxygen therapy or NMV supplied by a standard ventilator through a face mask,with adjustment of pressure support at 8-15 cm H_2O in addition to a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5-8 cmH_2O.Blood gas and vital signs were obtained at 1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h,and 12h.Results Endotracheal intubation was required in 5(16.7%)of 30 patients assigned to receire NMV and in 12(41.4%)of 29 assigned to receive conventional oxygen therapy(P=0037). Resolution time was significantly shorter in the NMV groupmedian 40(5~77)vs145(49~263)min,P

AIM: To study the expression of cytokines and their receptors in leukemia cell lines and normal blood cells. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to detect expression of mRNA for cytokines in leukemia cell lines(HL-60,U937,K562,HEL,DAMI,MEG-01,HUT78 and CA) and normal blood cells, including CD34 + cells, megakaryocytes,platelets, peripheral mononucleates cells and granulocytes. RESULTS: ①CD34 + cells simultaneously expressed mRNA for IL-1(?,?),IL-3, IL-6 , G-CSF, GM-CSF and their receptors and SCFR,MPL as well. The granulocytes only expressed IL-6,IL-6R,G-CSFR,GM-CSF. Megakaryocytes and platelets only expressed IL-3R,IL-6,IL-6R,MPL.Interestingly, TGF? 1 ,TNF? and their receptors sustained to express in normal cells.②Most leukemia cell lines were found to simultaneously express at least two or more stimulating cytokines and receptors ,while TGF? 1 , TNF? and their receptors were expressed in all the leukemia cell lines we observed. CONCLUSIONS: ①Multi-autocrine loops exist in leukemia cells;②Imbalance of autocrine loops of positive and negative cytokines may be related to leukemia.

With the deepening of the reform of public hospitals at the county level,as well as the development of medical technology personnel training and medical technology development in county hospitals,county hospitals should be able to make use of the latest technology to undertake the common diseases and frequently occurring diseases of county residents.So at present,the teaching hospitals affiliated to medical universities should carry out the short-term training of the latest special techniques in the training of the regular doctors.Department of Urology of the first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,in the 3 month training cycle,with improving the self-learning ability of the refresher doctors as the core,carried out the hand by hand teaching of small classes and introducing model teaching,which achieved good results.

Objective To compare the lung volume before and after the operation for the treatment of chronic empyema with CT 3-dimensional imaging,and to evaluate its role in the assessment of pulmonary function. Methods A total of 78 patients with chronic empyema from 2000 to 2016 in our hospital were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the operational styles,with 47 cases in the decortication group and 31 cases in the catheter drainage group respectively.Reformation of the chest CT data was used to determine the lung volumes and the routine pulmonary function tests(PFT)were performed before and after the operation. The lung volumes and the PFT results before and after the operation were compared between the two groups with t test. Then multiple linear regression analysis was applied to test the relationship between the lung volumes and the values of PFT after the operation. Results The mean lung volume of catheter drainage group was(1 548±467)cm3,while it was(1 418±802) cm3for the decortication group preoperatively(t=1.665,P=0.07).After the operation,the mean lung volume of decortication group was(2 677±815)cm3,while it was(2 169±185)cm3for the catheter drainage group. There was statistically significant difference for the increase of lung volume between the two groups after operation(t=2.371,P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups before the operation for the values of the PFT(t=1.467 to 1.874,P>0.05). After the operation, the values of the PFT in the decortication group were higher than those in the catheter drainage group(t=1.990 to 2.799, P<0.05). The changes of postoperative lung volume were positively correlated with the values of the PFT(β=0.312 to 0.701,P<0.05). Conclusions Decortication has a better effect on the lung volume and the pulmonary function for patients suffered from chronic empyema. CT modeling (3-dimensional-imaging) is an effective method for evaluating the pulmonary function of postoperative lung according to the lung volume measurement.

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are widely used in gene survey research these years. The EST Pipeline System, software developed by Hangzhou Genomics Institute (HGI), can automatically analyze different scalar EST sequences by suitable methods. All the analysis reports, including those of vector masking, sequence assembly, gene annotation, Gene Ontology classification, and some other analyses, can be browsed and searched as well as downloaded in the Excel format from the web interface, saving research efforts from routine data processing for biological rules embedded in the data.
Automation ; Base Composition ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Databases, Genetic ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Software ; User-Computer Interface

Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors of adult nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). Methods: The clinical data of 286 patients with pathologically diagnosed one specific type of nccRCC after radical nephrectomy and nephron sparing surgery(NSS) in the affiliated hospital of Qingdao university followed up from January 2012 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 159 males and 127 females. Their age ranged from 17 to 81 years old, with an average age of 53. Based on the AJCC combination stage, 218 cases were in stage Ⅰ, 56 cases were in stage Ⅱ, 9 cases were in stage Ⅲ, 3 cases were in stage Ⅳ. Assay indicators were collected, including lymphocyte percentage(LY%)(31.5±10.5), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)(2.6±2.8), albumin(40.9±4.7)g/L, prealbumin(255.0±74.3)mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)(201.0±174.0)U/L, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)(20.0±62.1)U/L, total cholesterol(4.9±1.0)mmol/L, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr)(12.9±9.9), blood glucose(5.4±1.3)mmol/L, triglyceride(1.4±1.1)mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)(2.9±0.8)mmol/L. The optimal cut-off value of the above indexes were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) in the SPSS software, and difference between high cut-off and low cut-off divided basing on the optimal cut-off value were evaluated respectively. The prognostic factors of adult nccRCC were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to study the survival relationship. The log-rank test were used to compare survival rate in two groups. The prognostic factors of nccRCC were analyzed after the results above were presented. Prognostic factors in renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and papillary cell carcinoma were analyzed by the same method. Results: The 286patients were followed up from 1 to 87 months, with an average of 43.9 months. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 93.8% and 89.3%, respectively. Results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression model revealed that AJCC combined staging (HR=2.38, 95%CI1.48-3.83), LDH(HR=2.99, 95%CI1.16-7.69), blood glucose (HR=4.13, 95%CI 1.74-9.78), CK-MB (HR=3.85, 95%CI1.63-9.08) were independent prognostic factors of nccRCC. NLR(HR=8.28, 95%CI1.66-41.35) and LDH(HR=9.82, 95%CI2.94-32.82) were the independent prognostic factor in the renal chromophobe cell carcinoma subgroup and the papillary renal cell carcinoma subgroup, separately. Conclusions AJCC combination stage, LDH, blood glucose and CK-MB are independent prognostic factors of adult nccRCC. Patients with low LDH, hypoglycemia, CK-MB and early AJCC stage have better prognosis. NLR is an independent predictor of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma, and the low NLR group has a better prognosis and higher survival rate. LDH is an independent predictor of papillary renal cell carcinoma and low LDH is beneficial to patients' prognosis. NLR and LDH can be used as a prognostic indicator for clinical evaluation in renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma, respectively.