Purpose:To investigate the detection ability of CT and MRI in skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:Sixty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by plain CT scan at axial sections and MRI of T_(1)WI at axial , coronal and sagittal sections and T_(2)WI at axial sections fast spin echo (FSE). Results:The overall positive rates of skull base invasion detected by CT and MRI were 16.7% and 53.3%(?~2 Test,P

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Budesonide sustained-release tablet. METHODS:Using the cumula-tive releases in 2,4,8 h as investigation indexes,central composite design-response surface method was used to optimize the amount of hydroxypropylcellulose L(HPC-L),amount of soybean phosphatides,and filler(fixed total 200 mg)lactose- micro-crystalline cellulose mass ratio in the formulation of Budesonide sustained-release tablet,and the verification test was conducted. The release behaviors of prepared sustained-release tablet and original preparation in pH 7.2,7.0,6.8 phosphate buffer were com-pared. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follow as budesonide of 9 mg,HPC-L of 46.49 mg,soybean phosphatides of 9.23 mg,filler lactose-microcrystalline cellulose mass ratio of 1:2.9;the cumulative releases in 2,4,8 h were 21.9%,50.1%, 99.5%,the relative errors with predicted values (22.0%,50.0%,98.5%) were 0.45%,0.20%,1.02%(n=3),respectively. Compared with cumulative release of original preparation,the f2 was higher than 50. CONCLUSIONS:Budesonide sustained-re-lease tablet is successfully prepared,which shows similar release behavior to original preparations.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of bleaching on the mechanical properties of human dentin.

METHODSThe finite element method (FEM) based the cohesive zone model had been employed to study the fracture resistance of human dentin. There types of dentin were considered, i.e. original dentin, dentin after direct-bleaching and indirect-bleaching.

RESULTSThe bleaching treatments had large impact on the crack growth resistance of human dentin. The initiation toughness (1.48 MPa x square root of m), growth toughness (3.90 MPa x square root of m x mm(-1)) and plateau toughness (3.25 MPa x square root of m) of human dentin were reduced to 1.29 MPa x square root of m, 3.45 MPa x square root of m x mm(-1) and 2.71 MPa x square root of m respectively after indirect-bleaching. The worst case was the direct-bleaching which causes significant reductions in the growth toughness (0.14 MPa x square root of m x mm(-1)) and plateau toughness (1.63 MPa x square root of m) respectively, while the initiation toughness remained the same as that after indirect-bleaching.

CONCLUSIONThe cohesive zone modeling is an effective tool in characterizing the fracture behavior of human dentin. Bleaching treatments reduce the crack growth resistance of human dentin and increase the risk of fracture of teeth.

Objective To establish transgenic mice model with over expression of neuritin in bone mar-row,for the further study on the function of neuritin protein in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy. Methods Two pairs of transgenic mice(loxp-stop-loxp-neuritin and lyz-Cre/+)were fed and propagated,the DNA from the mice tails extracted and the genotype of transgenic mice identified by PCR. The wild type mice with B6 were as-signed as the controls,and the immunofluorescence was used to detect the accuracy of the neuritinloxp/+ _lyz -Cre/+. Results The two trensgenetic homozygous mice had the ability to reproduce,and the hybrid offsprings were neuritinloxp/+_lyz-Cre/+,neuritinloxp/-_lyz-Cre/+,neuritinloxp/+_lyz-Cre/-,neuritinloxp/-_lyz-Cre/-. The re-sults were met with the Mendel′s law. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the expression of neuritin of neuritinloxp/+_lyz-Cre/+ mice in bone marrow was significantly higher than the wild type mice(P < 0.05). Con-clusion The PCR method is of high reliability for identification of sub pus genotype and the female neuritinloxp/+mice mating with the male lyz-Cre/+ ones is an effective way for obtaining the neuritinloxp/+_lyz-Cre/+ mice.

Objective:To evaluate the developmental toxicity of Cry1Ab protein by studying its effects on cell proliferation and differentiation ability using a developmental toxicity assessment model based on embryonic stem-cell.Methods:Cry1Ab protein was tested in seven dose groups(31.25,62.50,125.00,250.00,320.00,1 000.00,and 2 000.00 μg/L)on mouse embryonic stem cells D3(ES-D3)and 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells,with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)used as the positive control and phos-phate buffer saline(PBS)as the solvent control.Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay to calculate the 50％inhibitory concentration(IC50)of the test substance for different cells.Additionally,Cry1 Ab protein was tested in five dose groups(125.00,250.00,320.00,1 000.00,and 2 000.00 μg/L)on ES-D3 cells,with PBS as the solvent control and 5-FU used for model validation.After cell treatment,cardiac differentiation was induced using the embryonic bodies(EBs)culture method.The growth of EBs was observed under a microscope,and their diameters on the third and fifth days were measured.The proportion of EBs differentiating into beating cardiomyocytes was recorded,and the 50％inhibition con-centration of differentiation(ID50)was calculated.Based on a developmental toxicity discrimination func-tion,the developmental toxicity of the test substances was classified.Furthermore,at the end of the cul-ture period,mRNA expression levels of cardiac differentiation-related markers(Oct3/4,GATAA-4,Nkx2.5,and β-MHC)were quantitatively detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)in the collected EBs samples.Results:The IC50 of 5-FU was determined as 46.37 μg/L in 3T3 cells and 32.67 μg/L in ES-D3 cells,while the ID50 in ES-D3 cells was 21.28 μg/L.According to the discrimination function results,5-FU was classified as a strong embryotoxic substance.There were no sta-tistically significant differences in cell viability between different concentrations of Cry 1 Ab protein treat-ment groups and the control group in both 3T3 cells and ES-D3 cells(P＞0.05).Moreover,there were no statistically significant differences in the diameter of EBs on the third and fifth days,as well as their morphology,between the Cry1Ab protein treatment groups and the control group(P＞0.05).The cardi-ac differentiation rate showed no statistically significant differences between different concentrations of Cry1Ab protein treatment groups and the control group(P＞0.05).5-FU significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of β-MHC,Nkx2.5,and GATA-4(P＜0.05),showing a dose-dependent trend(P＜0.05),while the mRNA expression levels of the pluripotency-associated marker Oct3/4 exhibited an increasing trend(P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of mature cardiac marker β-MHC,early cardiac differentiation marker Nkx2.5 and GATA-4,and pluripotency-associated marker Oct3/4 between the Cry1Ab protein treatment groups and the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:No developmental toxicity of Cry1Ab protein at concen-trations ranging from 31.25 to 2 000.00 μg/L was observed in this experimental model.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the outgrowth inhibition of the HPV16-positive murine lung tumor induced by a modified HPV16 mE6Δ/mE7 recombinant fusion protein vaccine in vivo and provide a new clue for the further immunotherapy.

METHODSFor prophylactic experiments, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with mE6Δ/mE7 fusion protein, and then inoculated with the TC-1 tumor cell, expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 viral proteins. On day 33 after inoculation, the tumor-free mice were re-challenged with a larger dose of TC-1 tumor cells. For therapeutic experiments, mice were vaccinated with mE6Δ/mE7 on days 3 and 14 after tumor cell inoculation. On day 60, the tumor-free mice were re-challenged with a larger dose of tumor cells. Tumor incidence and tumor volume of each group were calculated. MTT method was used to determine the proliferation of lymphocyte.

RESULTSIn the prophylactic experiments, immunization with the mE6Δ/mE7 completely protected the mice against the tumor cell challenge and rechallenge, and all the mice remained tumor free during the 100 days' observation period. In contrast, all the mice in PBS and IFA-treated groups developed tumors within 6-12 days after the first tumor cell inoculation, and died of tumor burden within 30 days. In the therapeutic experiments, the tumor formation rates were 20%, 90% and 60% in vaccinated, PBS and IFA groups respectively. In the next larger dose of tumor cells rechallenge experiment, 87.5% of vaccinated mice still remained tumor free, but all the mice from either PBS or IFA group developed tumors with 4-6 days. In addition, the results of MTT indicated that the proliferation of lymphocytes from vaccinated mice was stronger than that from control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified mE6Δ/mE7 can efficiently inhibit the growth of lung cancer in the animal model, indicating that mE6Δ/mE7 protein-based vaccine might show promise for the future clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Kangfuxin solution combined with Chuangyangling and gelatin sponge on dry socket disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the extraction of impacted teeth. METHODS: A total of 85 patients with impacted teeth and type 2 diabetes mellitus during Jan. 2016-Jan. 2017 were divided into group A (29 cases), B (25 cases), C (31 cases) according to random number table. All patients were treated with turbine drill method; in group A, Kangfuxin solution + Absorbable gelatin sponge was used to fill the wound site; in group B, Chuangyangling+compound preparation of Kangfuxin solution and gelatin sponge were used to fill the wound site; in group C, the wounds were filled with gauze but without any drugs. All patients received routine anti-infective treatment after surgery for 5-7 d. The time of impacted teeth extraction was observed in 3 groups; granulation tissue coverage integrity rate of tooth socket and the incidence of dry socket disease 7 d after surgery, the incidence of other postoperative complications, treatment cost, satisfaction scores were also comparod. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in the time of impacted teeth extraction or treatment cost among 3 groups (P＞0. 05). Seven days after surgery, granulation tissue coverage integrity of tooth socket and satisfaction scores were in descending order: group B＞group A＞group C; the incidence of dry sockets were in ascending order: group B＜group A＜group C, with statistical significance (P＜0. 05). The incidence of other postoperative complications as bleeding, pain, swelling, limitation of mouth opening in group A and B were significantly lower than group C, with statistical significance (尸＜0. 05). There were no statistical significance between group A and B (P＞0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Kangfuxin solution combined with Chuangyangling and gelatin sponge can effectively increase granulation tissue coverage integrity of tooth socket, and reduce the incidence of dry socket disease and other postoperative complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but do not increase economic burden of patients and obtain high patient satisfaction.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of new rapid pathological diagnosis technology in biliary biopsy by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: 7 patients with biliary biopsy by ERCP were selected. In the biliary biopsyoperation, a new type of rapid pathological diagnostic technique is used to perform cytological initial diagnosis of the biopsy tissue. According to the results of rapid pathological diagnosis of biliary biopsy operation, we analyzed the clinical value of new rapid pathological diagnosis technology in the biliary biopsy operation. Results: The new rapid pathological diagnosis technology requires little space and no pollution. The diagnosis takes about 2 to 3 minutes and does not affect the normal biopsy operation. 7 patients with biliary biopsy by ERCP under the assistance of this technique, 5 patients (71.4%) confirmed the requirement of biopsy quality and quantity for the first biopsy with the assistance of this technology and 2 patients (28.6%) met the requirements for biopsy quality and quantity after biopsy again. Conclusions Because of the blindness of biliary biopsy by ERCP, the quality and quantity of biopsy tissue are often not guaranteed. The new rapid pathological diagnosis technology can provide real-time pathological diagnosis during biliary biopsy by ERCP and improve the quality and quantity of biliary biopsy tissue, and the cost of this technology is low, which is suitable for popularization and implementation in hospitals at all levels.

Objective : To explore the effect of 2-aminoethoxy-diphenyl borate(2-APB) on H2 O2 -induced chondro- cyte apoptosis and its mechanism． Methods : The experiment was divided into control group，H2 O2 group，2-APB group and H2 O2 + 2-APB group．CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell viability of each group ; The effect of 2- APB on the morphological changes of chondrocytes induced by H2 O2 was observed under microscopy ; TUNEL meth- od and flow cytometry were used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis ; Flow cytometry was used to detect Lipid reactive oxygen species ( ROS) ; Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Cleaved-PARP，p-PKCα and HIF-1α in H2 O2 -induced cells by 2-APB ; Immunofluorescence was used to detect the fluorescent expression of HIF- 1 α in cells induced by H2 O2 by PKCα inhibitor BIM-1 . Results : 2-APB inhibited H2 O2 -induced apoptosis in chon- drocytes，and the inhibitory effect was the most significant when the concentration of 2-APB was 100 μmol / L (F = 235. 80，P ＜ 0. 01 ) ; 22-APB could inhibit the positive rate of H2 O2 -induced apoptosis of chondrocytes ( F = 114. 80，P＜0. 01) and the level of ROS (F = 52. 99，P＜0. 01) ．and inhibited the expression of Cleaved-PARP (F = 10. 10，P＜0. 05) ，p-PKCα (F = 24. 56，P＜0. 05) and HIF-1α proteins (F = 6. 85，P＜0. 05) ．The PKCα in- hibitor BIM-Ⅰ could inhibit the increase in HIF-1α fluorescence intensity caused by H2 O2． Conclusion 2-APB can inhibit chondrocytes apoptosis induced by H2 O2 through the PKCα/ HIF-1α pathway and thus protect chondro- cytes.

【Objective】 To explore the causal association between the onset of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and migraine and to provide genetic evidence, a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used in this study. 【Methods】 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information for both samples was obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases, in which the appropriate SNPs were selected as instrumental variables, and then bidirectional MR analysis used five MR analysis methods including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode methods, followed by sensitivity analysis. 【Results】 IVW showed positive results of forward MR analysis with GERD as exposure [OR=1.398 7, 95%CI (1.181 7-1.655 6), P=9.59×10^-5] , while no positive significance of reverse MR analysis results with migraine as exposure (P>0.05). The same results were obtained in methods other than MR-Egger method. Meanwhile, none of the instrumental variables were found to be horizontally polytomous (P=0.92, P=0.64), and the results were robust after the leave-one-out method to exclude single SNPs. 【Conclusion】 There may be a unidirectional causal association between GERD and migraine, and GERD is a risk factor for migraine development.