Purpose:To investigate the detection ability of CT and MRI in skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:Sixty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by plain CT scan at axial sections and MRI of T_(1)WI at axial , coronal and sagittal sections and T_(2)WI at axial sections fast spin echo (FSE). Results:The overall positive rates of skull base invasion detected by CT and MRI were 16.7% and 53.3%(?~2 Test,P

Objective:To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of bilateral lumbo-iliac fixation by finite element analysis after digital optimization of a safe screw pathway.Methods:Firstly, a healthy adult male volunteer was recruited for this study who underwent CT scanning of the lumbus and pelvis, with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm.The original data were imported into Mimics 16.0 software for 3D lumbar and pelvic reconstruction.At the same time, a geometric screw pathway and a free screw pathway were generated in the pedicles of L4 and L5 and ilium.Secondly, all 3D models were imported into Ansys 12 software to assemble a finite element model.The displacements and von Misses stress distribution were measured in the conditions of forward bending, backward extending, lateral bending to the left and right, and left and right rotations in the models of 2 kinds of pathway after gravity axial load of 500 N was applied.Results:The models of 2 different pathways were similar in comprehensive displacement and stress in the conditions of forward bending, lateral bending and backward extending, and in the maximum stress of the screw in the conditions of forward bending and lateral bending.However, the comprehensive displacement and stress in the condition of rotation and the stress of the screw in the conditions of backward extending and rotating in the model of geometric screw pathway were obviously smaller than those in the model of free screw pathway.The maximum pelvic stress was on the screw surface between 190 and 260 MPa, concentrated on the bending area of the 2 screws connecting the sacrum and vertebral body.The lumbar-iliac fixation model showed high com-pressive stiffness.The maximum von Misses stress appeared in the L4-L5 pedicle screw on the longitudinal rod.Under rotational loading, the upper longitudinal rod connecting the L4-L5 pedicle screw and the iliac bone screw bore the maximum stress.Conclusions:Our finite element analysis shows that double verte-bral bodies and long screw fixation are effective ways of iliolumbar fixation.The geometric screw path optimized by digital analysis exhibits better fatigue resistance, rotation resistance and overall stability.Internal lum-bo-iliac fixation can effectively share the stress of vertebral bodies.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of an ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture in an animal experiment by registration of ultrasound images and two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence images.Methods:Six specimens of fresh adult sheep lumbar spine were prepared and soaked in gelatin solution. The specimens contained a total of 48 facet joints with 24 ones respectively on the left and right sides. Half of the joints were assigned by the random number table method into a robot-assisted group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture assisted by the ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system while the contralateral ones into a freehand group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture by freehand. In the robot-assisted group, the left facet joints were 3 L 1, 3 L 2, 3 L 3 and 3 L 4 ones while the right facet joints were 2 L 1, 3 L 2, 5 L 3 and 2 L 4 ones. In this self-control animal experiment, both the robot-assisted punctures and the freehand punctures were carried out in the same specimen. The puncture success rate, puncture needle adjustment, positioning deviation, orientation deviation and operation time were recorded. Results:The positioning deviation and orientation deviation in the robot-assisted group [(2.21 ± 1.12) mm and 1.51° ± 0.47°] were significantly lower than those in the freehand group [(3.26 ± 1.44) mm and 2.24° ± 0.89°] ( P < 0.05). All the articular facet joint punctures were successfully accomplished for the first time in the robot-assisted group while those required multiple adjustments in the freehand group. In the robot-assisted group, the total operation time [(463.84 ± 34.93) s] was significantly longer than that in the freehand group [(298.40 ± 27.48) s], but the puncture time [(37.97 ± 6.87) s] was significantly shorter than that in the freehand group [(261.61 ± 33.15) s] ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture can lead to accurate puncture with limited needle adjustments.

Objective: To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on the incidence of agitation and negative emotion in patients undergoing general anesthesia recovery. Methods: Totally 120 patients with general anesthesia admitted to the Binzhou Central Hospital, Shandong Province from January 2017 to January 2019 were divided into the control group and the observation group by random digits table method with 60 cases each. Those in the control group was given routine nursing, the observation group was given integrated care. The incidence rate of agitation, conscious recovery time, the time of wake-up score≥4 and negative emotional changes in the two groups were compared. Results: The incidence of agitation in the observation group was 6.67% (4/60), which was lower than that in the control group (25.0%, 15/60). The difference was statistically significant (χ² value was 6.253, P<0.05). The conscious recovery time, the time of wake-up score≥4 was (1.05±0.39), (16.34±1.21) h, both were shorter than the control group (2.68±0.42), (23.12±1.03) h, the difference was statistically significant (t value was 22.029, 33.050, P<0.01). The Kessler10 score of the observation group was 30.24±3.64,which was lower than that in the control group 24.84±2.35. The difference was statistically significant (t value was 9.654, P<0.01). Conclusions The operation room nursing intervention for patients with general anesthesia recovery can reduce the occurrence of agitation and reduce the negative emotion of patients, and the application effect is remarkable.

The objective of this study was to determine the visco-hyperelastic constitutive law of brain tissue under dynamic impacts. A method combined by finite element simulations and optimization algorithm was employed for the determination of material variables. Firstly, finite element simulations of brain tissue dynamic uniaxial tension, with a maximum stretch rate of 1.3 and strain rates of 30 s and 90 s , were developed referring to experimental data. Then, fitting errors between the engineering stress-strain curves predicted by simulations and experimental average curves were assigned as objective functions, and the multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed for the optimation solution. The results demonstrate that the brain tissue finite element models assigned with the novel obtained visco-hyperelastic material law could predict the brain tissue's dynamic mechanical characteristic well at different loading rates. Meanwhile, the novel material law could also be applied in the human head finite element models for the improvement of the biofidelity under dynamic impact loadings.

Objective : To explore the effect of 2-aminoethoxy-diphenyl borate(2-APB) on H2 O2 -induced chondro- cyte apoptosis and its mechanism． Methods : The experiment was divided into control group，H2 O2 group，2-APB group and H2 O2 + 2-APB group．CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell viability of each group ; The effect of 2- APB on the morphological changes of chondrocytes induced by H2 O2 was observed under microscopy ; TUNEL meth- od and flow cytometry were used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis ; Flow cytometry was used to detect Lipid reactive oxygen species ( ROS) ; Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Cleaved-PARP，p-PKCα and HIF-1α in H2 O2 -induced cells by 2-APB ; Immunofluorescence was used to detect the fluorescent expression of HIF- 1 α in cells induced by H2 O2 by PKCα inhibitor BIM-1 . Results : 2-APB inhibited H2 O2 -induced apoptosis in chon- drocytes，and the inhibitory effect was the most significant when the concentration of 2-APB was 100 μmol / L (F = 235. 80，P ＜ 0. 01 ) ; 22-APB could inhibit the positive rate of H2 O2 -induced apoptosis of chondrocytes ( F = 114. 80，P＜0. 01) and the level of ROS (F = 52. 99，P＜0. 01) ．and inhibited the expression of Cleaved-PARP (F = 10. 10，P＜0. 05) ，p-PKCα (F = 24. 56，P＜0. 05) and HIF-1α proteins (F = 6. 85，P＜0. 05) ．The PKCα in- hibitor BIM-Ⅰ could inhibit the increase in HIF-1α fluorescence intensity caused by H2 O2． Conclusion 2-APB can inhibit chondrocytes apoptosis induced by H2 O2 through the PKCα/ HIF-1α pathway and thus protect chondro- cytes.

Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the enhancement of drug solubility using nanotechnologies, but few of them are capable to produce drug particles with sizes less than a few nanometers. This challenge has been addressed here by using biocompatible versatile -cyclodextrin (-CD) metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) large molecular cages in which azilsartan (AZL) was successfully confined producing clusters in the nanometer range. This strategy allowed to improve the bioavailability of AZL in Sprague-Dawley rats by 9.7-fold after loading into CD-MOF. The apparent solubility of AZL/CD-MOF was enhanced by 340-fold when compared to the pure drug. Based on molecular modeling, a dual molecular mechanism of nanoclusterization and complexation of AZL inside the CD-MOF cages was proposed, which was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) techniques. In a typical cage-like unit of CD-MOF, three molecules of AZL were included by the -CD pairs, whilst other three AZL molecules formed a nanocluster inside the 1.7 nm sized cavity surrounded by six -CDs. This research demonstrates a dual molecular mechanism of complexation and nanoclusterization in CD-MOF leading to significant improvement in the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.