Objective To explore the impact of throughout patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) on labor progress and delivery mode. Methods We enrolled 120 nulliparous women with term cephalic singleton preg-nancies. They were divided into two groups ,throughout analgesia group(n=60):when they are in labor,we started an-algesia and continued to the end of second stage of labor. While 60 nulliparous were selected to non-analgesia group as the control group. Data were collected about duration of the first, second stage of labor, oxytocin dosage, postpartum hemorrhage,outcome of delivery, neonatal Apgar scores, umbilical cord vein and artery blood gas analysis and the effect of epidural analgesia, etc. Results There wsa is significant difference in the duration of the first stage delivery, the utilization rates of oxytocin, delivery mode (P<0.05) ;and there was no remarkable differences in the second stage of labor process, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal Apgar scores, umbilical cord vein and artery blood gas analysis (P>0.05) Conclusion The throughout patient-controlled epidural analgesia can shorten labor progress, cut down uterine-incision delivery and reach satisfying analgesis effect, without commidng any impact on the outcome of delivery.

Objective: To analyze the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of severe hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP) and hypoproteinaemia(HP).Methods: We reviewed 25 cases of HDCP and HP treated in our hospital and compared and analyzed the perinatal and maternal outcomes,including pregnancy edema,serum albumin,delivery methods and the weight of newborns.Results: Severe HP was the main cause of pregnancy complications in severe PIH.Prompt correction of HP benefited both the neonate and the mother.Conclusion: Severe HDCP is usually complicated with severe HP.Prenatal correction and treatment of HP will be helpful for both severe HDCP mothers and the newborns.

Objective: To analyze the incidence, etiological factors, clinical characteristic, diagnosis, treatment method and the prevention measures of recurrent ectopic pregnancies in our hospital from January 2001 to June 2004. Methods:19 cases of recurrent ectopic pregnancy were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 19 recurrences in 353 cases of ectopic pregnancy with a incidence rate of 1∶ 18.6( 19/353). The average age was 31.7 years old. 17 were operated with lesions involving the contralateral oviduct in 16 cases and the homolateral oviduct in 1 case. Pathological examination revealed additional chronic salpingitis in 13 cases. The shortest interval between the recurrent ectopic pregnancies were 2 months to 6 years,with an average of 33 months. Among them, 10 patients recurred within 36 months. There was one patients suffering from 3 times of ectopic pregnancies. The misdiagnosis rate was 5.26%. And the disease of misdiagnosis was miscarriage of early pregnancy. Surgical treatment can be the first choice of treatment of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: Pelvic adhensions, inflamed salpinx and conservative treatment are risk factors of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Effective treatment of pelvic inflammation and avoiding of the first heterotopic pregnancy are the important measures for prevention of recurrent ectopic pregnancy.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of non-diabetic fetal macrosomia and their mothers.Methods: A retrospective case control study design was used to analyze 149 cases of non-diabetic fetal macrosomia and their mothers with the normal oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) by comparison with 166 randomly included newborns of normal birth weight.Results: More cases of non-diabetic fetal macrosomia were found in the male neonates.The body weight,height,FL and BPD averaged significantly higher in the macrosomia group than in the control,and so did the body weight,height,uterus height,abdominal circumference and gestational age of the mothers.The rates of cesarean section and other obstetric complications were also higher in the macrosomia group.Conclusion: Different from the diabetic macrosomic fetus,the non-diabetic macrosomic fetus is a normal one,the incidence of which is associated with mothers'excessiver pregnancy nutrition as well as with genetic factors.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is detrimental to the health of both the mother and the fetus,and therefore greater attention is being paid to the earlier diagnosis and treatment of the condition.This article offers an overview of the research progress in the predictive factors of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is drawing more and more attention from the medical world.This study aimed to evaluate the methylation status of the Homeobox-A10 (HOXA10) gene promoter region and the expression of the HOXA10 protein in endometriosis,and to explore the relationship of endometriosis with the aberrant methylation and expression of HOXA10 and its clinical significance.Methods The methylation-specific PCR(MSP) and the immunohistochemical SP methods were employed to detect both the methylation status of the HOXA10 promoter and its expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from 36 endometriosis patients,with normal endometrial tissue samples from 12 healthy women as controls.Results Hypermethylation of the HOXA10 promoter region was present in 38.9% (14/36) of the ectopic endometrial tissue samples and 25.0% (9/36) of the eutopic endometrial tissue samples,all in endometriosis of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ,but no hypermethylation was found in the endometrial tissues of the normal controls,with significant differences between the two groups (P

Objective The incidence rate of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) is on the rise, and yet there is no effec-tive method for its prevention and treatment .This study aimed to investigate the high risk factors of APIP and its prognostic evaluation index. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 35 cases of APIP ( group A) and another 35 cases of acute pancre-atitis in non-pregnancy as controls (group B).We compared the etiologic factors of acute pancreatitis , changes of laboratory indexes after onset of the disease , and clinical outcomes between the two groups . Results No statistically significant differences were found in the risk factors between the two groups (χ2 =0.233, P>0.05).Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were remarkably higher in group A ([15.69 ±7.71] and [15.54 ±7.82] mol) than in B ([5.07 ±2.95] and [3.82 ±2.58] mol) (P<0.05).There were significant differences between groups A and B in WBC count ([19.00 ±5.31] vs [14.98 ±9.77] 109/L), Hb ([82.77 ±11.77] vs [101.77 ±1.50] g/L), and serum Glu ([8.77 ±2.76] vs [6.23 ±1.99] mol/L)(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression a-nalysis showed the predictive value of cholesterol and triglyceride levels for APIP and a correlation of WBC and Hb with the clinical out -comes of the patients.The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in group A than in B (χ2 =3.968, P=0.046), and so was the incidence rate of severe acute pancreatitis (χ2 =5.510, P=0.019). Conclusion Biliary diseases are the main high risk factors of APIP, followed by hyperlipidemia .Triglyceride and cholesterol levels have the predictive value for APIP .The WBC count and Hb level can be used to assess the patients′condition and predict the clinical outcomes .

Objective To study the changes in gene expression profiles of dendritic cells(DCs) during their maturation processes using cDNA microarray.Method DCs were generated from human peripheral blood monocytes induced by GM-CSF and IL-4,and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce the maturation of DCs.After inducing for 48h,cells were collected to extract the general RNA.Genes expressions of mature DCs(maDC) and immature DCs(imDC) were analyzed using cDNA microarray,and immature DCs without induction served as control.Results DCs expressed highly surface markers of mature DCs after LPS induction.The studied data showed that among those 165 target genes,a total of 50 genes(30.3%) exhibited differential levels of expression in LPS-induced mature DCs.Thirty-five genes were up-regulated and fifteen genes were down-regulated.Maturation-dependent up-regulation,defined by a differential expression ratio of ≥2,included twelve cytokine and chemokine genes,ten antigen uptake and presentation genes and thirteen signal transduction molecule genes.Reciprocally,maturation-dependent down-regulation,defined by a differential expression ratio of ≤0.5,occurred with two cytokine,five antigen uptake and presentation genes and eight signal transduction molecule genes.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to further confirm the results of cDNA microarray.Conclusion It is suggested that LPS has significant influence on many genes of DCs in their maturing processes.Those changed genes include cytokines,chemokines and their receptors,antigen uptake and presentation molecules and signal transduction molecules.Analysis on these differentially expressed genes is helpful in understanding the maturing processes of DCs.

Objective:(i)to compare plasma ghrelin levels between women with PCOS and women presented only with hyperandrogenaemia;(ii)to investigate the relationship between circulating ghrelin and BMI、insulin level,insulin resistance,and Androgen levels in PCOS.Methods:Blood samples from sixty women with PCOS,15 women with only hyperandrogenaemia and 40 controls were collected,the basal levels of gonadotrophin,androgens,prolactin,sex hormone-binding globulin,glucose,insulin and ghrelin were measured.Results:(1)Comparing with PCOS and Controls,women with only hyperandrogenaemia had the lowest ghrelin levels;women with PCOS had lower ghrelin levels comparing with controls,but they were not significant.(2)Ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with BMI、WHR、Insulin levels and Insulin Resistance,positively correlated with sex hormone-binding globulin levels.Conclusion:In PCOS,circulating ghrelin and BMI、Insulin Resistance、SHBG levels were inversely related,indicating that Ghrelin might be associated with energy balance,obesity,and Insulin Resistance.However,further investigation was needed to clarify whether low ghrelin was a cause or the consequence of obesity and Insulin Resistance awaits.

Objectives: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy(HDCP) has a long-term deleterious effect.This study aimed to investigate the changes of cognitive function in women with HDCP and explore their possible mechanism.Methods: Fifty-three patients with HDCP and 22 normal pregnant women were included in this study,their cognitive functions assessed 60-80 days after delivery by word learning and delayed recall test,symbol digit substitution test,animal category fluency test,block design,trail making test(Part A) and digit span test.The results of the cognitive tests were compared between the HDCP and normal control groups.Results: Cognitive performances of the severe preeclampsia patients differed significantly from those of the normal individuals on the tests of word learning(P