Objective: To determine whether mannose-binding lectin(MBL) variant alleles were associated with frequent relapses in childhood nephrotic syndrome(NS). Methods: MBL alleles of codon 54 and promoter region at positions-550 and-221 were genotyped by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)and PCR-Sequence-Specific Primers(PCR-SSP)assay in 32 China Han Nationality children with frequently relapsing NS(FRNS) and 31 with non-frequently relapsing NS(NFRNS),as well as in 32 healthy control subjects. Results: In patients with upper respiratory infections before relapses,the mutant genotype(GGC/GAC and GAC/GAC) frequency of MBL codon 54 was higher in children with FRNS(76.0%) than in children with NFRNS(42.9%).The B allele mutation frequency of MBL codon 54 was higher in children with FRNS than in healthy control subjects(34.4% vs 12.5%,P

The statistical table is the common presentation way in nursing academic paper? From the standard production of statistical table and combining with editing working practice, this paper analyzed the common usage errors of statistical table with examples in nursing academic papers and put forward some corresponding suggestions?

Mannose-binding lectin(MBL) is a key component of the innate immune system that plays a pluripotent role in natural defense.MBL genetic variants are associated with increased susceptibility to and the severity and prognosis of various diseases.The association between low MBL-producing allelic variants and disease risk and/or severity is particularly strong in infectious and autoimmune diseases.Enhanced risk for disease by low MBL producers is particularly the case for children and immunocompromised patients,especially when primary and secondary immune deficiencies coexist.Therefore the use of MBL testing and replacement therapy has reached the threshold of personalized medicine.The author presents a review of the role of MBL in health and diseases,the advances in MBL testing methodology and MBL related therapies.

Objective To investigate the effect of bowel preparation before colonoscopy and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 283 patients with colonoscopy were recruited by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with basic information questionnaire of bowel preparation and their intestinal cleanliness were assessed by the Ottawa Assessment Scale. The status of bowel preparation and it′s influenced factors were analyzed. Results The total score of Ottawa Assessment Scale was (5.37 ± 2.22) points, and the efficiency of intestinal cleaning was only 59%(167/283). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.033, P=0.013); history of chronic constipation (OR=10.341, P=0.000);history of appendectomy (OR=5.349, P=0.007); walking time during medication (OR=0.350, P=0.000);incomplete intake of the preparation (OR=0.078, P=0.000), the time interval between the initiation of ingestion and the onset of bowel activity (OR=1.034, P=0.000), defecation frequency (OR =0.794, P=0.004);characteristics of last stool (OR=0.159, P=0.000) were influencing factors of intestinal cleanliness. Conclusions The intestinal cleanliness of patients with colonoscopy is still at a low level. In the future, medical personnel should identify patients with risk factors early, and give them specific bowel preparation, so as to improve the quality of bowel preparation effectively.

ObjectiveTo study the occurrence and influence factors of drug-induced injuries of vital organs caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection.MethodsChina Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD) from 1993-2013 and case reports concerning adverse effects and drug-induced diseases caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection from Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platformwere retrieved. Indicator systemwasestablished and relevant contentsweresummarized and analyzed.Results34 types of traditional Chinese medicine injectionswereincluded and 699 drug-induced diseasesweresummarized, taking up 53.98% of the total adverse effects. Among them, the top three included in the drug-induced diseaseswere acanthopanax injection, safflower injection and Mailuoning injection. The non-conformance between the traditional Chinese medicine injections in the literature and instructions mainly reflects unreasonable solvent selection, large compatibility concentration and usage and dosage beyond those specified in the instructions. ConclusionThe occurrence of drug-induced injuries of vital organs caused by traditional Chinese medicine injectionis relatively high, drug instructions shall be strictly followed in accordance with requirements during clinical application.

Objective To observe the effects of metformin on expression of Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK),nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs),and explore its renoprotective mechanisms.Methods MCs were cultured in the medium with normal glucose (group NG,5.6 mmol/L),high glucose (group HG,25mmol/L) and different concentrations of metformin (group M1,M2,M3).After 48 h exposure,the supernatants and MCs were collected.The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA was analyzed by real time-PCR.Total-AMPK,phospho-Thr-172 AMPK (p-AMPK),NF -κB p65 and TGF-β1 were visualized by Western blot.Results The real time-PCR and Western blot result showed MCs could express AMPK,NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein.After stimulated by HG,the levels of intracellular NF-κB and TGF-β1 expressions were significantly increased compared with group NG (P ＜ 0.05); The levels of NF-κB and TGF-β1 were significantly decreased in group M1,M2 and group M3 compared with group HG in a dose-dependent manner.After stimulated by HG,the level of intracellular p-AMPK were down-regulated compared with group NG(all P ＜ 0.05); The expression of p-AMPK increased with the rising of metformin concentration,presenting the opposite trend (P ＜ 0.05),while the level of total-AMPK protein was unchanged with exposure to HG or different concentrations of mefformin(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Metformin can suppress the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 of glomerular MCs induced by HG via AMPK activation,which may partly contribute to its reno-protection.

Objective To identify the pathogenic gene for a Chinese Han consanguineous marriage family with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia by homozygosity mapping and mutation analysis.Methods Six members of the family were enrolled in this study,including 3 patients,the unaffected sibling and their parents of first cousin marriage.After excluding GAA repeats mutation of FXN gene,whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray scanning and homozygosity mapping were performed to localize the candidate gene.The coding regions and intronic flanking sequences of the candidate genes were analyzed.Results Four candidate regions were identified,including 2p25.3,9q22.2-34.3,13q12.3-14.3 and 17p13.The SETX gene localizing in 9q22.2-34.3 that is responsible for ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 was analyzed at first.There were 4 mutations in exon 10,including three missense mutations (c.3576T ＞ G,p.D1192E ; c.3754G ＞ A,p.G1252R; c.4156A ＞ G,p.I1386V) and a deletion mutation (c.5084_5087delAGTC,p.Q1695_S1696del).Three patients were homozygous of the 4 mutations,an unaffected sibling was normal,and their parents were heterozygous of 4 mutations.Conclusions The pathogenic haplotype comprising four mutations of the SETX gene was identified in the consanguinity family.c.5084_5087delAGTC (p.Q1695_S1696del) is a novel mutation.The affected individuals of this family were characterized by mild phenotype and slow progress without oculomotor apraxia,indicating the clinical variability of the disease.

Objective To determine the dynamic change of serum procalcitonin (PCT) level after traumatic brain injury and the rclated clinical significance.Methods Serum levels of PCT and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) in 137 patients with traumatic brain injury and 20 normal volunteers were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay.Correlation between serum PCT level and severity of traumatic brain injury was evaluated.Results Percentage of serum PCT level at low inflammatory-risk threshold detected from day 1 to day 14 after admission was descended from 80.3％ to 63.5％.Meanwhile,the percentage of serum PCT level at high inflammatory-risk threshold was a rising-fall-rising trend,but the percentages of serum PCT level at median and definite inflammatory-risk thresholds showed sustained increase from 13.9％ to 27.0％ and 0.7％ to 3.7％ separately.Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),the dynamic change of serum PCT level demonstrated a distinct bimodal pattern in severe injury group,a gradual falling after rising mode in middle injury group which was significantly and positively correlated with GCS (r =0.463,P ＜ 0.05),and a rising-falling-slight rising tendency in minorinjury group.In addition,the GCS in each group only closely related to the positive detections of serum PCT level detected at days 3 and 7 (x2 =10.32,16.31 respectively P ＜ 0.01).Serum ATCH level at day 1 was far higher than that at day 14 in severe injury group and was significantly higher in severe injurygroup compared with minor and middle injury groups (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).Conclusions Positive serum PCT may be predictive of the traumatic brain injury and injury degree within 3-7 days after the injury.The dynamic change of serum PCT is associated with the specialized mechanism of traumatic brain injury and neuronendocrine response,and it may be a useful parameter to assess posttraumatic stress response and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of paeonol on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) occurred on the development of ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats. Methods The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to establish the model of AMI in male SD rats. Six groups were set up:sham-operation group, AMI model group, captopril control group, paeonol low dose group (6 mg/kg), paeonol middle dose group (9 mg/kg) and paeonol high dose group (12 mg/kg). Rats were given treatment for 4 weeks after the AMI model was established. HE staining was used to observe changes of myocardial tissue. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type1(AGTR1) and endothelin (ET)-1 of six groups. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein levels of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (ACE), angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang)-Ⅱand AGTR1 in six groups. Results The transcription of AGT, AGTR1, ET-1mRNA and the expressions of ACE, Ang-Ⅱ and AGTR1 protein were significantly higher in myocardial tissue of AMI rats than those of sham-operation rats (P＜0.05). Compared with model group, the expressions of AGT, AGTR1, ET-1mRNA and ACE, Ang-Ⅱ, AGTR1 protein were significantly decreased in paeonol high dose group and captopril control group (P＜0.05). Paeonol reduced the expressions of those mRNA and protein levels in a significant dose dependent manner. Conclusion Paeonol can slow down the deterioration of the ventricular remodeling after AMI in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of over-activation of RAS.

Objective To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection. Methods Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 Column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was established;mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1%formic acid with gradient elution;the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min;the column temperature was 40 ℃. Characteristic spectrum cluster of 13 batches of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection were analyzed, and Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Evaluation System (2004 A) was used to evaluate their quality. Results UPLC fingerprint common mode of 13 batches of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection was established. There were total 16 common spectrum peaks in the reference for comparison, and three main peaks were identified with better separation. The 13 batchs had good consistency, and the process was stable. Conclusion The method is rapid, efficient and can be used for full control of the quality of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection.