To investigate the distribution of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among the population of Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna, Yurman Province HBV genotypes of the Serum samples were tested by PCR-RFLP. This is the first time to discover the B+E genotypes in China. This finding provides new information for understanding the distribution of HBV genotype in China and a provides a basis for establishing a Chinese gene bank.

To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes among the Bai nationality in Dali, a total of 100 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV-infection were collected for the detection of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes by genotype-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP), respectively. Among the 100 samples, the proportions of genotype B, C and mixed genotype (B+C) were 41%, 25% and 34%, respectively. All the genotype B strains belonged to subgenotype Ba. In genotype C, 84% were Subgenotype Cs and 12% were subgenotype Ce. The distribution of genotypes B, C and B+C showed no significant difference between male and female patients (P=0.182) and among the age groups of patients (P=0.812). The rates of HBeAg/HBeAg positivity were no significantly different among genotypes B, genotype C and mixed genotype (B+C) (P=0.077/P=0.663). In Dali, genotypes B, B+C and C existed among Bai nationality with chronic HBV-infection, and genotype B was the major genotype. Subgenotypes Ba and Cs were the predominant strains in patients with HBV genotype B/C infection. The most prominent characteristic was the higher prevalent rate of mixed genotype (B+C) in patients.

Objective: To investigate the antiamnesic effect of pregnenolone sialic glycoside on memory impairment in mice. Methods: Pharmacological model of amnesia in mice was produced by scopolamine. Learning and memory was evaluated using water maze performance of mice. Results: Significant memory deficit was induced by scopolamine (4 mg/kg, ip). Pregnenolone sulfate (0.1 5 mg/kg, sc ) failed to affect the scopolamine induced memory deficit. Pregnenolone sialic glycoside (0.1 5 mg/kg, sc) attenuated the deficit, decreased the time of finding platform, the errors of entering non exit and swimming distance at a dose of 1 mg/kg ( P

Objective 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine and caffeic acid derivatives have been proven previously in our group to produce activity against drug resistant fungi synergistic with fluconazole (FCZ).The two pharmacophores were cou-pled by amino acids as linkers in this project in order to design and synthesize the novel compounds and investigate the activity against drug resistant fungi in vitro.Methods 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine initially reacted with Boc-protected amino acids,following deprotection and coupling reaction with caffeic acid,to get nine title compounds.All title compounds as well as four intermediates were subjected to antifungal activity screening for fluconazole resistant Candida albicans in vitro.Results Nine title compounds showed synergistic antifungal activity for drug resistant Candida albicans with fluconazole at a concentra-tion range of 0.5-2.0μg/ml.Among them,compounds 3b,3f,3g and 3i showed the higher activity with the same MIC80 value of 0.5 μg/ml,which is comparable to those of the control compounds 7b and 5.Conclusion Linking 3,4-methylenedioxyphen-ethylamine and caffeic acid with piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (3b),valine (3g),leucine (3f) and isoleucine (3i) led to novel compounds with high synergistic antifungal activity against drug resistant Candida albicans combined with fluconazole.

Objective Based on the structure-activity relationships on the reported antifungal agents bearing quinoline or thiophene moieties ,novel compounds bearing both quinoline and thiophene were designed ,synthesized ,and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans .Methods With 5-cyanothiophene-2-carbaldehyde or 5-cyanothiophene-3-car-baldehyde as starting materials ,13 compounds were synthesized via reductive amination ,reduction of cyano group and amida-tion of quinoline-or isoquinoline-carboxylic acid .Their chemical structures were characterized by 1 H NMR and MS . In vitro antifungal screening against Candida albicans SC5314 was performed with the microbroth dilution method .Results All the compounds exhibited potent antifungal activities against Candida albicans .Among them ,compound 6k showed the highest an-tifungal activity with MIC80 value of 0 .5 μg/ml ,which is same potent as fluconazole .Conclusion The designed compounds bearing both quinoline and thiophene exhibited potent antifungal activities ,and deserve further research .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,MMP-13 and disease activity in pemphigus patients.Methods A total of 60 pemphigus patients treated in the dermatology department of the hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were select-ed as the study group,and another 60 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in the same pe-riod were recruited as the control group.The levels of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in serum and the expres-sion of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between the two groups,and the relationship between the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pemphigus was analyzed.Pemphigus patients were divided into acute phase group(n=22),chronic phase group(n=23)and stable phase group(n=15)according to their disease activi-ty.The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the three groups were compared,as well as the correlation between the three indexes and disease activity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted for analysis.Results The levels of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in serum and the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the study group were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe patients were higher than those in moderate and mild patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 and disease activity scores of mononuclear cells in acute attack group were higher than those in chronic attack group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The ex-pression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were positively correlated with disease activity(rMMP-2=0.545,rMMP-9=0.592,rMMP-13=0.580,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that compared with the single diagnostic efficacy of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells,the three combined diagnostic efficacy was better.Conclusion The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pemphigus patients is related to the disease activity,and these three indicators can be used as reference indicators for the diagnosis of pemphigus disease activity.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma exosomal miR-181b-5p to the polarization of M2 macrophages.Methods:Extracted and identified exosomes from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and detected the expression of miR-181b-5p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and their exosomes by qRT-PCR.M0 type macro-phages were divided into PBS group,HEEC exo group,Eca-109 exo group,miR-NC exo group,miR-181b-5p exo group,miR-NC group,miR-181b-5p mimic group,si-NC group,si-PTEN group,miR-181b-5p exo+PTEN group.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of CD163,CD206,iNOS and TNF-α in each group.The targeting relationship between miR-181b-5p and PTEN were veri-fied by double luciferase reporter gene experiment.Results:miR-181b-5p was significantly overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells TE-13,TE-12,TE-10,Eca-109,KYSE30 and their exosomes(P<0.001).Compared with miR-NC group,the expression of CD163 and CD206 in cells were significantly upregulated in the miR-181b-5p mimic group,as well as the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α were significantly downregulated(P<0.001).The results of double luciferase reporter genes showed that PTEN was the target gene of miR-181b-5p.Compared with si-NC group,the expressions of CD163 and CD206 in cells were significantly upregu-lated in the si-PTEN group,as well as the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α were significantly downregulated(P<0.001).Compared with PBS group,the expressions of CD163 and CD206 in cells were significantly upregulated in the Eca-109 exo group,as well as the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α were significantly downregulated(P<0.001).Compared with miR-NC exo group,the expressions of CD163 and CD206 in cells were significantly upregulated in the miR-181b-5p exo group,as well as the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α were significantly downregulated(P<0.001).Compared with miR-181b-5p exo group,the expressions of CD163 and CD206 in cells were significantly downregulated in the miR-181b-5p exo+PTEN group,as well as the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α were significantly upregulated(P<0.001).Conclusion:Exosomal miR-181b-5p inhibits PTEN expressions to promote M2 macrophage polarization.