Objective To compare the effect of pressure regulated biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation(BiPAP) and airway pressure release ventilation(APRV) on cardiopulmonary function of pigs with or without acute lung injury. Methods after anaesthesia, 18 healthy pigs were given BiPAP or APRV ventilation through tracheotomy. Inspiration pressure and expiration pressure in BiPAP equal to APRV. Inspiration time and expiration time is 1.5/2.5s in BiPAP and 4.0/2.0s, 4.5/1.5s, 5.0/1.0s, 5.5/0.5s in APRV respectively. Respiration dynamics, hemodynamics, blood gases and oxygen metabolize scales were measured during two mechanical ventilatory modalities pigs acquired from Swam-gans catheter in internal jugular vein and from catheter in femoral artery. Then oleic-induced acute lung injury model was made, modalities pigs were distributed to BiPAP group (n=9) and APRV group (n=8) randomly. Forenamed scales were repeat measured. Results BiPAP has not difference with APRV on respiration dynamics, hemodynamics, blood gases and oxygen metabolize during normal condition, BiPAP has higher cardiac output (CO) and lower oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) compare with APRV in ALI pigs. If expiration time is short to 0.5s in APRV, it would represent intrinsic peak end-expiratory (PEEPi), heart rate (HR), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increased and CO decreased. Conclusion Both BiPAP and APRV are beneficial in ALI, but BiPAP has fewer side-effect compared with APRV in early ALI.

Objective: To study the mechanism of chitosan i n inhibiting the proliferation of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells(SMCs). Methods: By means of c-myc probe labelled with random primers and Northern blot hybridization, we examined the effect of chitosan on vascu lar SMC c- myc mRNA expression, which was stimulated by newborn bull serum (NB S,20%). Results: The oncogene c-myc mRNA expression incerased in cultured vascular SMC 24 h after NBS exposure. These effects were inhibite d by chitosan (20 μg/ml). Conclusion: Chitosan might inhibit the expression of vascular SMC c-myc mRNA stimulated by NBS, through which the proliferation of vascular SMC are inhibited.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of some Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents on bone resorption and morphometric features of osteoclasts as well as their relationships. TCM ShengGuZaiZaoSan and XianLingGuBao, were used to treat the experimental fracture. Thirty 6-month-old Chinchilla rabbits were used for the establishment of animal models each with a 3 mm bone defect in the middle of left radius as well as of right radius. These models were divided randomly into 3 groups : ShengGuZaiZaoSan Group (Group A), XianLingGuBao groups (Group B) and control-group (Group C). Every group was further divided into 2 subgroups: a former sacrificed group (14 days after operation) and a latter sacrificed group (31 days after operation). After the rabbits being killed, the samples of their undecalcified calli were subjected to the morphometry study of bone resorption and osteoclasts. Group A had more bone resorption, compared with Group B and C. Both Groups A and B exhibited some changed morphometric features of osteoclasts as compared with Group C (P < 0.05). Simple correlation analysis indicated that bone resorption is mainly correlated with osteoclast numbers, and that in individual group, bone resorption is correlated with osteoclast form factor, area and mean photodensity (P < 0.05). These allow us to conclude that ShengGuZaiZaoSan can increase bone resorption and accelerate bone remodeling by increasing osteoclast numbers at the former stage and can enhance osteoclast function at the latter stage. These changes are beneficial to fracture healing.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; drug effects ; Bone Resorption ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoclasts ; drug effects ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Radius Fractures ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of using rituximab and atoxiban in the treatment of cervical incompetence after emergency cervical cerclage surgery.Methods Sixty patients with cervical incompetence admitted from May 2020 to February 2022 were selected as the study subjects.Divide into control group A,control group B,and trial group C using random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.All three groups underwent emergency cervical cerclage surgery.After the surgical treatment,control group A received treatment with rituximab hydrochloride,control group B received treatment with atoxiban,and experimental group C received treatment with atoxiban on the basis of rituximab hydrochloride.Analyze and compare the inhibitory effects of uterine contractions,incidence of adverse reactions,and neonatal outcomes among three groups.Results The inhibition rate of uterine contractions in control group A and test group C was higher than that in control group B(P<0.05);The incidence of postoperative complications in experimental group C was lower than that in control group A and control group B,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);Compared with control group A and control group B,the incidence of fetal loss,neonatal asphyxia,and low birth weight infant outcomes in experimental group C was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared with control group A and control group B,experimental group C had a longer gestational week extension and a higher Apgar score for newborns,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination treatment of rituximab and atoxiban after emergency cervical cerclage surgery for this disease has good effects,can better inhibit uterine contractions,appropriately prolong gestational age,improve neonatal outcomes and prognosis,and reduce adverse drug reactions in pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,MMP-13 and disease activity in pemphigus patients.Methods A total of 60 pemphigus patients treated in the dermatology department of the hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were select-ed as the study group,and another 60 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in the same pe-riod were recruited as the control group.The levels of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in serum and the expres-sion of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between the two groups,and the relationship between the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pemphigus was analyzed.Pemphigus patients were divided into acute phase group(n=22),chronic phase group(n=23)and stable phase group(n=15)according to their disease activi-ty.The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the three groups were compared,as well as the correlation between the three indexes and disease activity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted for analysis.Results The levels of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in serum and the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the study group were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe patients were higher than those in moderate and mild patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 and disease activity scores of mononuclear cells in acute attack group were higher than those in chronic attack group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The ex-pression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were positively correlated with disease activity(rMMP-2=0.545,rMMP-9=0.592,rMMP-13=0.580,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that compared with the single diagnostic efficacy of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells,the three combined diagnostic efficacy was better.Conclusion The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and MMP-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pemphigus patients is related to the disease activity,and these three indicators can be used as reference indicators for the diagnosis of pemphigus disease activity.

Objective To investigate the effect of type 2 dengue virus(DENV-2)infection on autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and the mechanism mediating the inhibitory effect of baicalin against DENV-2 infection.Methods Cultured HUVECs with DENV-2 infection were treated with different concentrations of baicalin,and the changes in autophagy of the cells were detected using transmission electron microscopy.Lyso Tracker Red staining was used to examine pH changes in the lysosomes of the cells,and the expressions of ATG5,beclin-1,LC3,P62,STX17,SNAP29,VAMP8,and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting.DENV-2 replication in the cells were evaluated using RT-qPCR.The differentially expressed proteins in DENV-2-infected HUVECs were identified by proteomics screening.Results Treatment with baicalin did not significantly affect the viability of cultured HUVECs.Proteomic studies suggested that the PI3K-AKT pathway played an important role in mediating cell injury induced by DENV-2 infection.The results of RT-qPCR demonstrated that baicalin dose-dependently inhibited DENV-2 replication in HUVECs and produced the strongest inhibitory effect at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.Transmission electron microscopy,Lyso Tracker Red staining,RT-qPCR,and Western blotting all showed significant inhibitory effect of baicalin on DENV-2-induced autophagy in HUVECs.DENV-2 infection of HUVECs caused increased cellular expressions of LC3 and P62 proteins,which were significantly lowered by treatment with LY294002(a PI3K inhibitor).Conclusion Baicalin inhibits DENV-2 replication in HUVECs and suppresses DENV-2-induced cell autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of type 2 dengue virus(DENV-2)infection on autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and the mechanism mediating the inhibitory effect of baicalin against DENV-2 infection.Methods Cultured HUVECs with DENV-2 infection were treated with different concentrations of baicalin,and the changes in autophagy of the cells were detected using transmission electron microscopy.Lyso Tracker Red staining was used to examine pH changes in the lysosomes of the cells,and the expressions of ATG5,beclin-1,LC3,P62,STX17,SNAP29,VAMP8,and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting.DENV-2 replication in the cells were evaluated using RT-qPCR.The differentially expressed proteins in DENV-2-infected HUVECs were identified by proteomics screening.Results Treatment with baicalin did not significantly affect the viability of cultured HUVECs.Proteomic studies suggested that the PI3K-AKT pathway played an important role in mediating cell injury induced by DENV-2 infection.The results of RT-qPCR demonstrated that baicalin dose-dependently inhibited DENV-2 replication in HUVECs and produced the strongest inhibitory effect at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.Transmission electron microscopy,Lyso Tracker Red staining,RT-qPCR,and Western blotting all showed significant inhibitory effect of baicalin on DENV-2-induced autophagy in HUVECs.DENV-2 infection of HUVECs caused increased cellular expressions of LC3 and P62 proteins,which were significantly lowered by treatment with LY294002(a PI3K inhibitor).Conclusion Baicalin inhibits DENV-2 replication in HUVECs and suppresses DENV-2-induced cell autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

【Objective】 To establish a co-expression lncRNA-mRNA ceRNA network and explore the potential molecular mechanism of lncRNA in dengue fever. 【Methods】 DENV-2-infected and normal pHUVEC were sequenced and screened for differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA by gene microarray technology. Differentially expressed mRNA was analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI), and significantly related co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA was screened by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The microRNA (miRNA) that bound to co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA was predicted by the database. The ceRNA network of co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA was constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally differentially expressed mRNAs and co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment, and co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA was verified by RT-qPCR. 【Results】 At 48 h and 72 h after infection, 105 and 51 differentially expressed mRNAs were obtained, respectively, while 59 and 29 differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, at the two time intervals, there were 10 differential mRNAs and 5 differential lncRNAs, respectively. PPI analysis of differential mRNAs showed that isocratic values of interleukin 6 (IL6), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (IFIT2), and 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) were relatively high. The pairing results of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis with the highest correlation coefficients at 48 h and 72 h after infection were XLOC_001966-SMTNL1 and XLOC_001966-ESR2, respectively. According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the functions of differentially expressed mRNA and co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA were mainly involved in virus epidemic prevention response, immune response, and signal transduction, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, type I interferon, and cytokine receptor interaction. RT-qPCR revealed that lncRNA XLOC-I2-8991 was upregulated in the co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA, whereas all the other lncRNA and mRNA were downregulated. 【Conclusion】 This study initially revealed the potential lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network during dengue virus infection, and found that co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA was mainly enriched in the immune regulation and signal transduction pathways during virus infection. The findings will help further exploration into the infection mechanism of DENV-2.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, treat-ment and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017.Methods:The single disease retrospective registration cohort study was conducted. Based on the concept of the real world study, the clinicopathological data, from multicenter retrospective clinical data database of gallbladder cancer of Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC), of 6 159 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to 42 hospitals from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) case resources; (2) age and sex distribution; (3) diagnosis; (4) surgical treatment and prognosis; (5) multimodality therapy and prognosis. The follow-up data of the 42 hospitals were collected and analyzed by the CRGGC. The main outcome indicator was the overall survival time from date of operation for surgical patients or date of diagnosis for non-surgical patients to the end of outcome event or the last follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribu-tion were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed using the Logistic forced regression model, and variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic stepwise regression model. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Case resources: of the 42 hospitals, there were 35 class A of tertiary hospitals and 7 class B of tertiary hospitals, 16 hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer and 26 hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer, respectively. Geographical distribution of the 42 hospitals: there were 9 hospitals in central China, 5 hospitals in northeast China, 22 hospitals in eastern China and 6 hospitals in western China. Geographical distribution of the 6 159 patients: there were 2 154 cases(34.973%) from central China, 705 cases(11.447%) from northeast China, 1 969 cases(31.969%) from eastern China and 1 331 cases(21.611%) from western China. The total average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of the 6 159 patients was 18.3±4.5 per year, in which the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 4 974 patients(80.760%) from hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer was 38.8±8.9 per year and the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 1 185 patients(19.240%) from hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer was 5.7±1.9 per year. (2) Age and sex distribution: the age of 6 159 patients diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(56,71) years, in which the age of 2 247 male patients(36.483%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(58,71)years and the age of 3 912 female patients(63.517%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 63(55,71)years. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.74:1. Of 6 159 patients, 3 886 cases(63.095%) were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer at 56 to 75 years old. There was a significant difference on age at diagnosis between male and female patients ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001). (3) Diagnosis: of 6 159 patients, 2 503 cases(40.640%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 3 656 cases(59.360%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 2 110 patients(34.259%) not undergoing surgical treatment, of which 200 cases(9.479%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 910 cases(90.521%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 4 049 patients(65.741%) undergoing surgical treatment, of which 2 303 cases(56.878%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 746 cases(43.122%) were initial diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. Of the 1 746 patients who were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer, there were 774 cases(19.116%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer during operation and 972 cases(24.006%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer after operation. Of 6 159 patients, there were 2 521 cases(40.932%), 2 335 cases(37.912%) and 1 114 cases(18.087%) undergoing ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before initial diagnosis, respec-tively, and there were 3 259 cases(52.914%), 3 172 cases(51.502%) and 4 016 cases(65.205%) undergoing serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis, respectively. One patient may underwent multiple examinations. Results of univariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals, whether undergoing ultrasound, CT, MRI, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis were related factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.45, 1.98, 0.69, 0.68, 2.43, 0.41, 1.63, 0.41, 0.39, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 1.21-1.74, 1.64-2.40, 0.59-0.80, 0.60-0.78, 2.19-2.70, 0.37-0.45, 1.43-1.86, 0.37-0.45, 0.35-0.43, 0.38-0.47, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), sex, age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals and cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initially diagnosis were indepen-dent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.36, 1.42, 0.89, 0.67, 1.85, 1.56, 1.57, 0.39, 95% confidence interval as 1.13-1.64, 1.16-1.73, 0.79-0.99, 0.57-0.78, 1.60-2.14, 1.38-1.77, 1.38-1.79, 0.35-0.43, P<0.05). (4) Surgical treatment and prognosis. Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 447 cases(60.435%) with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. Cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb were 85(3.474%), 201(8.214%), 71(2.902%), 890(36.371%), 382(15.611%), 33(1.348%) and 785(32.080%), respectively. The median follow-up time and median postoperative overall survival time of the 2 447 cases were 55.75 months (95% confidence interval as 52.78-58.35) and 23.46 months (95% confidence interval as 21.23-25.71), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb ( χ2=512.47, P<0.001). Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 988 cases(73.796%) with resectable tumor, 177 cases(4.371%) with unresectable tumor and 884 cases(21.833%) with tumor unassessable for resectabi-lity. Of the 2 988 cases with resectable tumor, there were 2 036 cases(68.139%) undergoing radical resection, 504 cases(16.867%) undergoing non-radical resection and 448 cases(14.994%) with operation unassessable for curative effect. Of the 2 447 cases with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data who underwent surgical treatment, there were 53 cases(2.166%) with unresectable tumor, 300 cases(12.260%) with resectable tumor and receiving non-radical resection, 1 441 cases(58.888%) with resectable tumor and receiving radical resection, 653 cases(26.686%) with resectable tumor and receiving operation unassessable for curative effect. There were 733 cases not undergoing surgical treatment with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases not undergoing surgical treatment, cases undergoing surgical treatment for unresectable tumor, cases undergoing non-radical resection for resectable tumor and cases undergoing radical resection for resectable tumor ( χ2=121.04, P<0.001). (5) Multimodality therapy and prognosis: of 6 159 patients, there were 541 cases(8.784%) under-going postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and advanced chemotherapy, 76 cases(1.234%) under-going radiotherapy. There were 1 170 advanced gallbladder cancer (pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲa) patients undergoing radical resection, including 126 cases(10.769%) with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 044 cases(89.231%) without postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629). There were 658 patients with pathological staging as stage Ⅲa who underwent radical resection, including 66 cases(10.030%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 592 cases(89.970%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.05, P=0.817). There were 512 patients with pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲb who underwent radical resection, including 60 cases(11.719%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 452 cases(88.281%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy and cases without post-operative adjuvant chemo-therapy ( χ2=1.50, P=0.220). Conclusions:There are more women than men with gallbladder cancer in China and more than half of patients are diagnosed at the age of 56 to 75 years. Cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initial diagnosis are independent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Preoperative resectability evaluation can improve the therapy strategy and patient prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer is not standardized and in low proportion in China.