Berberine was an isoquinoline type alkaloid extracted from Chinese herbs such as Coptis chinensis.Recently, as a great many berberine derivatives had been synthesized with comprehensive physiological functions , the structural modification and ap-plication of berberine showed great promising significance .Recent literatures had been systematically analyzed and summarized in this review.With abundant pharmacological activities of berberine different sites ′derivatives had been presented , systematical information of berberine structural modification as a lead compound and new drug R&D were provided in this article .

The chemical constituents of Rosa chinensis Jacq were diverse ,mainly including flavonoids ,flavonoid glyco-sides ,phenolic acids ,aromatic oils ,tannins and pigments .Its extract and some chemical constituents had shown multiple phar-macological activities ,such as antitumor ,antifungal ,anti-viral ,anti-oxidation etc ..The advances in the study on chemical com-ponents and pharmacological actions of Rosa chinensis Jacq were reviewed and its application prospect was prospected .

Objective To determine the association between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods Two hundred and fifty-five AIS patients diagnosed by MR imaging were recruited between January 2011 and July 2015.The levels of serum Lp-PLA2 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed right after hospitalization.END was defined as any increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≥ 2 in the first 72 h after stroke onset,and the patients were accordingly divided into END group and non-END group.Risk factors associated with END and their clinical data were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results END was observed in 72 of the 255 patients (28.23％).The percentage of female (58.3％ vs.31.3％),smoking ratio (58.3％ vs.31.3％),diabetes mellitus ratio (73.6％ vs.16.9％),prior stroke ratio (44.4％ vs.25.1％),NHISS scores (8 [3] vs.3 [2]),serum Lp-PLA2 level (230.31 ±75.57 μg/L vs.87.60±28.45 μg/L) and hs-CRP level (20.08±8.05 mg/L vs.6.73±3.48 mg/L) in the END group were significantly higher than those in the non-END group (P＜0.05).Multiple Logistic regression analyses indicated that END was positively associated with diabetes mellitus (OR=4.903,95％CI:1.363-17.695,P=0.015),Lp-PLA2 level (OR=1.032,95％CI:1.013-1.043,P=0.000) and hs-CRP level (OR=1.229,95％CI:1.087-1.391,P=0.001) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Conclusion Serum Lp-PLA2 may predict END in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Cordyceps bassiana has long been used as an oriental medicine and reported to possess diverse biological activities. The fruiting bodies of Cordyceps bassiana was extracted with ethanol and then further fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana (CBBF) exhibited the most effective in anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the roles of CBBF on the anti-inflammation cascade in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were studied. To investigate the mechanism by which CBBF inhibits NO, iNOS and COX-2, the activation of IκB and MAPKs in LPS-activated macrophage were examined. Our present results demonstrated that CBBF inhibits NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and these effects were mediated through the inhibition of IκB-α, JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Also, CBBF suppressed activation of MAPKs including p38 and SAPK/JNK. Furthermore, CBBF significantly suppressed LPS-induced intracellular ROS generation. Its inhibition on iNOS expression, together with its antioxidant activity, may support its anti-inflammatory activity. Thus Cordyceps bassiana can be used as a useful medicinal food or drug for further studies.
1-Butanol ; Cordyceps* ; Ethanol ; Fruit ; Inflammation* ; Macrophages ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Phosphorylation ; RAW 264.7 Cells* ; Water