BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells isolated from bone marrow,fat,umbilical cord and other tissues.It can differentiate into different cell types and secrete a variety of proteins with therapeutic potential,which has a good application prospect in the repair of muscle tissue. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in promoting muscle tissue repair and provide a theoretical basis for further clinical application. METHODS:Relevant articles published from inception to 2022 were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,WanFang,PubMed,Embase and Web of Science databases.The keywords were"mesenchymal stem cells,muscle tissue,muscle injury,muscle atrophy,exosomes,scaffolds"in Chinese and English.The literature about mesenchymal stem cell migration promoting muscle fiber proliferation and repair was screened.Finally,98 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The related mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell migration promoting muscle fiber proliferation and repair are complex,mostly by anti-inflammatory,inhibiting interstitial fibrosis,inhibiting the fat formation and other ways to promote muscle fiber proliferation and repair.(2)The related biological scaffolds and cell co-culture based on mesenchymal stem cells can significantly compensate for the low survival rate of mesenchymal stem cells after colonization.(3)At present,mesenchymal stem cell therapy still has apparent limitations.In the future,mesenchymal stem cells combined with other therapies should become the primary development trend.