Avian influenza virus H6N1 subtype has been circulating in aquatic bird and terrestrial bird,and is the most frequently detected subtype of influenza A virus in those hosts.Genetic analysis results suggested that this virus might be the progenitor of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus,as seven of eight gene segments of those viruses had a common source.As continuing evolution of H6N1,it could spread across species barriers to mammals and had strong infection ability in mice,swine and ferrets.Serological epidemiological survey showed that a few people were positive for H6 avian influenza virus antibody and then the world's first human infection with influenza virus H6N1 subtype was reported in May 2013.Therefore,with the expansion of the host range of the virus,gene mutation and gene reassortment of H6N1 virus can occur in these hosts,and then it may evolve into novel variant strain with infected human potential.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci in Tujia ethnic group of Hubei province, and to compare the allele frequencies between Hubei Tujia and Chongqing Tujia populations.

METHODSCapillary electrophoresis and five-color fluorescent multi-amplification were applied to detect the genotypes of 15 STR loci in 333 unrelated Hubei Tujia individuals.

RESULTSOne hundred and fifty one alleles were observed in the population, which is higher than 141 alleles observed in Chongqin Tujia population, and their frequencies were from 0.002 to 0.498. No significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was observed (P>0.05). Statistical analysis showed that the heterozygosity of the 15 loci ranged from 0.652 to 0.867. The values of discrimination power (DP) ranged from 0.802 to 0.971. The values of excluding probability of paternity (EPP) ranged from 0.357 to 0.730, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.57-0.87. The fifteen loci showed an accumulated total discrimination power (TDP) of more than 0.999 999 9, and the cumulative excluding probability of paternity was 0.999 999 7.

CONCLUSIONThis study has accumulated the population genetic data of the 15 STRs in Hubei Tujia ethnic group. The data can be used in forensic and individual identification for this population. Hubei Tujia is phylogenetically related to Chongqing Tujia, and the allele frequencies were non-distinctive (P>0.05), while the number of alleles detected, and the frequencies of some alleles observed were different.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Through analyzing the existing problems and relevant solutions of TCM decoction pieces management, this article expounded the construction of TCM coding system and its construction and application in the hospital information system, attempted to apply technological standards of TCM coding system to routine TCM standardized management work through the means of informatization. At the same time, it also described the basic situation in the construction of TCM coding management information system, and promoted specific ideas, operation methods, and current condition and prospects.

Objective To study the efficiency changes of private hospitals in Shenzhen and explore influencing factors for the utilization efficiency of health resources. Methods DEA-Tobit two-stage model was used to analyze the operating efficiency and influencing factors of Shenzhen′s private hospitals. Results The range of technical efficiency varied between 0.690 to 0.742 in six years, and the index of total factor production was consistent with the technical change index. The input and output indicators showed non-linear growth. The internal and external factors of sample hospitals jointly influence the efficiency of operation. Conclusions The two-stage method effectively reveals the dynamic efficiency change and the influencing factors of these hospitals in Shenzhen. The technical efficiency of sample hospitals fluctuates in waves in six years,with investment redundancy and insufficient output found. Sample hospitals need to strengthen their innovative application of diagnostic and therapeutic technology,and to strengthen their internal management and improve operating efficiency.

To investigate activities of three isomers of α-conotoxin TxID on human α3β4 and α6/α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs). The three isomers of α-conotoxin TxID were synthesized using solid phase Fmoc chemistry and fully folded by two-step oxidations. Human α3β4 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs were expressed in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, which were used for bioassay of the three isomers, including inhibition and washout reversibility. There were obvious differences between the inhibition potency of each isomers at human α3β4 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs. The blocking was reversible and washout rapidly. The most potent isomer is the globular form with an IC50 of 9. 3 nmol/L on human α3β4 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs respectively. The 2nd potent isomer was the ribbon form with much less potency, which had an IC50 of > 5 μmol/L. The bead isomer had little or no block on human α3β4 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs with an IC50 of > 10 μmol/L. The three isomers of α-conotoxin TxID were synthesized successfully with two pairs of desired disulfide bond. Inhibition activities of the 3 isomers on human α3β4 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs were obtained respectively, which would be basis for new marine drug development of α-conotoxin TxID.