Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of autoantibodies in serum and cer-vical mucus in female patients with infertility .Methods 100 cases of infertility patients (study group) ,100 ca-ses of patients (cases control group) with cervical inflammation and 100 (healthy control group) cases women without spontaneous abortion were recruited as subjects from February 2014 to February 2017 .Serum and cer-vical mucus autoantibodies and peripheral regulatory T cells (Treg) levels were detected in all subjects ,then analyzed the correlation between them .Results The study group patients′ serum and cervical mucus an-tisperm antibody ,ovarian antibody resistance ,resistance to human chorionic gonadotropin ,endometrial anti-body and thyroid autoantibodies and anti-β-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody levels were significantly higher than that of case control group and healthy control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0 .05) .Treg in patients with peripheral blood levels of study group was (3 .28 ± 0 .39)%,which were significantly lower than the case control group(8 .92 ± 1 .20)% and healthy control group(9 .10 ± 1 .32)%,the difference was statisti-cally significant (P＜0 .05) .The Pearson correlation analysis available :infertility patients′serum and cervical mucus antisperm antibody ,ovarian antibody resistance ,resistance to human chorionic gonadotropin ,endome-trial antibody and thyroid autoantibodies and anti-β-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody levels were in negative correla-tion with the level of peripheral blood Treg (P＜0 .05) .Conclusion The serum of sterility patients and cervi-cal mucus of the autoantibody levels are closely related to T reg level ,and can be used as an index of clinical di-agnosis and treatment of infertility .

Objective To examine the proportion and reasons of drop-out from antiretroviral therapy(ART)among 8 367 adult HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province. Methods All adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART before September 30 of 2014 were examined for the situation of drop-out from ART. Results The proportion of drop-out from ART among adult HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture was 14.4%(1 202/8 367). Results from the univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with factors as:living area,gender,age,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell counts and initial treatment regimen of the patients. After adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression model,drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with residential area,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell count and initial treatment regimen of the patients. HIV-infected patients who were living in Mangshi city,Lianghe county or Yingjiang county,being married or living with partner,HIV infection through sexual contact,with baseline CD4+T cell counts≤200 cells/mm3,and ART included in the initial treatment regimen etc.,were less likely to drop out from ART. The proportion of drop out from ART was significantly decreasing along with the increasing time of ART. Data from specific investigation revealed that among the 1 202 patients who dropped out from ART,704(58.6%)were lost to follow-up,303(25.2%) did not adhere to treatment,74(6.2%)moved out the region,64(5.3%)were Burmese that had returned to Burma,29 (2.4%) stopped the treatment according to doctors’advice,18(1.5%)were incarcerated and 10 (0.8%) were under other reasons. Reasons for the drop-out varied,according to the situation of patients. Conclusion The proportion of drop-out from ART varied significantly according to the characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture that underscoring the needs for tailored responses to reduce drop-out of ART. Focus should be targeted on reducing the loss to follow-up and improving the treatment adherence.

Objective To examine the proportion and reasons of drop-out from antiretroviral therapy(ART)among 8 367 adult HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province. Methods All adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART before September 30 of 2014 were examined for the situation of drop-out from ART. Results The proportion of drop-out from ART among adult HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture was 14.4%(1 202/8 367). Results from the univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with factors as:living area,gender,age,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell counts and initial treatment regimen of the patients. After adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression model,drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with residential area,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell count and initial treatment regimen of the patients. HIV-infected patients who were living in Mangshi city,Lianghe county or Yingjiang county,being married or living with partner,HIV infection through sexual contact,with baseline CD4+T cell counts≤200 cells/mm3,and ART included in the initial treatment regimen etc.,were less likely to drop out from ART. The proportion of drop out from ART was significantly decreasing along with the increasing time of ART. Data from specific investigation revealed that among the 1 202 patients who dropped out from ART,704(58.6%)were lost to follow-up,303(25.2%) did not adhere to treatment,74(6.2%)moved out the region,64(5.3%)were Burmese that had returned to Burma,29 (2.4%) stopped the treatment according to doctors’advice,18(1.5%)were incarcerated and 10 (0.8%) were under other reasons. Reasons for the drop-out varied,according to the situation of patients. Conclusion The proportion of drop-out from ART varied significantly according to the characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture that underscoring the needs for tailored responses to reduce drop-out of ART. Focus should be targeted on reducing the loss to follow-up and improving the treatment adherence.

OBJECTIVETo examine the proportion and reasons of drop-out from antiretroviral therapy (ART) among 8 367 adult HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

METHODSAll adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART before September 30 of 2014 were examined for the situation of drop-out from ART.

RESULTSThe proportion of drop-out from ART among adult HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture was 14.4% (1 202/8 367). Results from the univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with factors as: living area, gender, age, marital status, HIV transmission route, baseline CD4⁺ T cell counts and initial treatment regimen of the patients. After adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression model, drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with residential area, marital status, HIV transmission route, baseline CD4⁺ T cell count and initial treatment regimen of the patients. HIV-infected patients who were living in Mangshi city, Lianghe county or Yingjiang County, being married or living with partner, HIV infection through sexual contact, with baseline CD4⁺ T cell counts ≤ 200 cells/mm³, and ART included in the initial treatment regimen etc., were less likely to drop out from ART. The proportion of drop out from ART was significantly decreasing along with the increasing time of ART. Data from specific investigation revealed that among the 1 202 patients who dropped out from ART, 704 (58.6%) were lost to follow-up, 303 (25.2%) did not adhere to treatment, 74 (6.2%) moved out the region, 64 (5.3%) were Burmese that had returned to Burma, 29 (2.4%) stopped the treatment according to doctors' advice, 18 (1.5%) were incarcerated and 10 (0.8%) were under other reasons. Reasons for the drop-out varied, according to the situation of patients.

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of drop-out from ART varied significantly according to the characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture that underscoring the needs for tailored responses to reduce drop-out of ART. Focus should be targeted on reducing the loss to follow-up and improving the treatment adherence.

Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Patient Dropouts ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo understand HIV rival suppression and drug resistance (HIVDR) among AIDS patients who were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

METHODSAll AIDS patients who were aged over 15 years and with experience more than six months on ART by the end of 2012 in Dehong prefecture, were enrolled to receive testing for HIV viral load in plasma and genetic mutations associated with HIVDR.

RESULTSA total of 4 390 AIDS patients were qualified for the study according to the selection criteria, of whom 3 964 (90.3%) finally participated in the study. Among them, 2 307(58.2%) had CD₄(+) cell counts more than 350 cells/mm³. 3 169 (79.9%) patients showed undetectable plasma HIV viral load which was lower than the detection threshold. Those who had the following factors as:resided in Ruili city, being female, older than 45 years of age, married, heterosexually infected with HIV, having received ART more than 5 years, and CD₄(+) cell counts >500 cells/mm³, were more likely to have undetectable plasma virus load, with the differences statistically significant. 402 (10.1%) patients had plasma viral load ≥ 1 000 copies/ml, of whom 353 (87.8%) were successfully amplified and examined for HIVDR. Among them, 198 (56.1% ) were identified to bear genetic mutations associated with HIVDR. Most mutations were related to the resistance to nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) or non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), with M184V and K103N most frequently seen. 12 patients (3.4%) were found to have mutations resistant to protease inhibitors (PI). Data from multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the period of receiving ART and the initial ART regimen could both significantly predict the occurrence of HIV resistance.

CONCLUSIONViral suppression was highly achieved among ART-prescribed AIDS patients in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province. However, among those who did not show effective viral suppression, the proportion of HIVDR was high, underscoring the needs for health education so as to improve the adherence to drugs as well as for improving testing for viral load and HIVDR among AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Viral Load ; drug effects ; Young Adult

Objective: To study the prevalence and correlates of diabetes among HIV/AIDS who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefectures (Dehong), Yunnan province. Methods: The database of HIV/AIDS receiving ART in Dehong was downloaded by using the basic information system of AIDS prevention and control in China. In this cross-sectional study, HIV/AIDS patients who were currently on ART and aged 18 years or above, were consecutively recruited, between July 2017 and June 2018, in Dehong. All the subjects underwent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing. Patient with diabetes was defined as meeting any of these indicators (HbA1c ≥6.5%, baseline FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L, FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L in the most recent visit). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried on to evaluate the correlates of diabetes among the HIV/AIDS patients. Results: In total of 4 376 HIV/AIDS patients were included for analysis, with the average age as (43.7±10.1) years, proportion of males as 53.8% (2 356/4 376) and the HCV positive rate as 24.1% (1 055/4 376). The mean years was (8.9±3.8) years after the HIV diagnosis was made, and the mean duration on treatment was (6.8±2.9) years. The prevalence of diabetes was 11.4% (500/4 376). Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, data showed that the risk factors of diabetes of HIV/AIDS on ART were: aged 40 years or above, being male, HCV positive, baseline body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m², elevated TG ≥1.70 mmol/L in the most recent visit and baseline antiretroviral regimens under Efavirenz (EFV). Conclusions Prevalence rate of diabetes appeared higher in HIV/AIDS patients who were on ART in Dehong. Prevention and control measures should be targeted on HIV/AIDS patients who were with risk factors of diabetes as being elderly, male, HCV positive, overweight and higher TG. Further esearch is needed to evaluate the association between the use of EFV and diabetes.