Executive impairment is one of the common sequelae of stroke, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Repeti-tive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a new type of electrophysiological technique, has been used in the clinical treatment of Post-Stroke Executive Impairment (PSEI). This paper summarized the survey of PSEI, the basic principle and mechanism of rTMS, clinical application of rTMS for PSEI and its safety. Clinical studies showed that high frequency stimulation, low frequency stimulation, and combi-nation with other therapeutic methods were effective in PSEI. However, there was no unified theory about the mechanism and the best treat-ment plan of rTMS for PSEI.

Objectives To examine the association of the maternal high-fat (HF) diet with increased susceptibility to obe-sity and the development of metabolic diseases in their offspring, and observe difference in the effect of maternal vs. acquired high fat diet on metabolic state in their offspring. Methods A total of 15 SD female rats were divided into HF diet group (group H, n=9) and control diet group (group C, n=6). After fed on different diet for seven weeks, they were mated at the age of ten weeks and became pregnant. Their offspring were then divided to groups CH and HH fed HF diet and groups CC and HC fed control diet. At the age of 3 and 8 weeks, the metabolic markers and the liver pathohistological evidences of their offspring were obtained. Results The body weight, area under curve (AUC) of glucose tolerance, cholesterol and triglyceride were all higher in group H than those in group C (P<0.05) before pregnancy. The offspring of group H had a higher body weight than the offspring of group C at the age of 3 weeks (P=0.002), and no difference in AUC was found between two groups (P>0.05). At the age of 8 weeks, there was no difference in fasting glucose and insulin levels among the four offspring groups. The AUC and body weight were higher in group H than in group C (main effect of maternal diet, P=0.024, P=0.013). The AUCs were also higher in groups CH and HH than groups CC and HC respectively (main effect of acquired diet, P=0.041). The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL at the age of 8 weeks were all higher in HH and CH groups than those in HC and CC groups (main effect of acquired diet, P=0.008, 0.007, 0.000, respectively). Their histological analysis at 8 weeks showed different degrees of fatty liver in HH, HC and CH groups, and normal liver in CC group. Conclusions Maternal HF diet may result in increased body weight, fatty liver and impaired glucose tolerance in their adult offspring, and thus increase the risk of developing metabolic diseases at their later age. .

Objective To study the impact of maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation on hepatic steatosis in the early life of offspring rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a high fat diet (HF) or control (C) diet for 8 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and ifrst 3 weeks of lactation. The expressions of hepatic fatty acid catabolism related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), acyl-CoA syn-thease long-chain family member3 (ACSL3), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α(CPT-1α) and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (Ehhadh) were determined in offspring liver tissue. The liver pathology was examined in offspring rats at 3 weeks of age. Results Pathohistological ifndings at 3 weeks of age showed that there were diffuse vacuolar degeneration in cytoplasm of hepatocytes and spot necrosis in hepatic lobular in the HF offspring liver. The mRNA expressions of PPARαand Ehhadh genes were markedly increased in the HF offspring as compared to the control group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of CPT-1αgene was also higher in the HF offspring than that in control group (P=0.19). The level of ACSL3 gene expression, however, was markedly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Maternal high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation could result in an increased expression of genes related to hepatic fatty acidβ-oxidation, including PPARα, CPT1αand Ehhadh, but the liver steatosis cannot be reversed in the early life of offspring.

Objective To observe the effect of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS) on executive function in patients after stroke .Methods Thirty-six stroke patients with executive dysfunction in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from March 2016 to April 2017 were randomly divided into experimental group ( n=18 ) and control group ( n=18 ) .The experimental group received 10 Hz rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) and cognitive functional training , while the control group received sham rTMS and cognitive functional training , for four weeks.Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), Wisconsin Card Classification Test(WCST), Digit Symbol Test( DST) and Digital Span ( DS) were used for cognitive assessment at baseline and therapy completed . Results After a four weeks therapy , the total number of responses showed no significant difference in WCST between two groups.But the control group after treatment showed that MMSE score (17.44 ±4.73) and DST score (4.50 (2.75, 8.25)) were improved compared with that before treatment (MMSE score 15.28 ±4.61, t=-8.371, P=0.000;DST score 4.00 (2.75, 7.25), Z=-2.122, P=0.049), and the DS score and the numbers of correction , classification and continuous errors of WCST showed no significant difference compared with that before treatment .The experimental group after treatment showed that MMSE score (20.67 ±4.59), DST score (7.50(4.75, 12.50)), DS score (recite in order 7.00 (7.00, 8.00), recite in reverse order 3.00 (2.00, 4.00)), the numbers of correction of WCST (24.61 ± 8.30), the numbers of continuous errors (12.17 ±5.08), the numbers of classification (2.00 (2.00, 3.00) were improved compared with that before treatment ( MMSE score 15.50 ±5.24, t=-21.013, P=0.000;DST score 3.00(1.00, 7.00), Z=-3.757, P=0.000; DS score recited in order 6.00(5.00, 6.00), Z=-3.703, P=0.000;DS score recited in reverse order 2.00(1.00, 3.00), Z=-3.494, P=0.000;The numbers of correction of WCST (16.50 ±9.34), t=-6.544, P=0.000); The numbers of continuous errors (18.06 ±5.63, t=9.744, P=0.000); The numbers of classification (1.00 (1.00, 2.00), Z=-3.900, P=0.000 ).And the curative effect was better than that of control group . Conclusion High frequency rTMS combined with cognitive function training can improve the executive dysfunction of stroke patients , and the improvement is better than cognitive functional training alone .

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of comprehensive intervention of cognitive behavior on the symptoms of pain , fatigue and sleep disorders for patients with advanced cancer .Methods Sixty-two patients with advanced cancer were divided into the experimental group ( n=32 ) and the control group ( n=30).The experimental group was given relaxation exercises and natural image intervention .Then the digital pain evaluation , brief fatigue inventory ( BFI ) , Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI ) and the Anderson symptom inventory ( MDASI ) were applied to analyze the differences between the experimental group and the control group.Results Pain, fatigue, poor appetite and sleep disorder were the most common symptoms , and the incidence of these symptoms were 95.1%, 92.6%, 88.5% and 86.1%, respectively.The average pain score of patients in the experimental group was (2.47 ±0.53), which was significantly lower than (5.54 ± 0.37) of patients in the control group, with a significant difference(t=2.84,P<0.01).The score of BFI for patients in the experimental group was (3.44 ±1.24), which was significantly lower than (4.92 ±0.41) of patients in the control group, with a significant difference (t=2.47,P<0.05).The score of PSQI for patients in the experimental group was (2.67 ±0.73), which was significantly lower than (5.18 ±1.09) of patients in the control group, with a significant difference (t =5.34,P <0.01).Conclusions The cognitive behavior intervention can effectively alleviate symptoms including pain , fatigue, and sleep disorder for patients with advanced cancer .