Adult ; Aged ; Electroacupuncture ; Fecal Incontinence ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; therapy ; Rectal Prolapse ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the relativity of dyschesia with the change of puborectalismuscle.Methods 68 patients with dyschesia were compared with 68 healthy volunteers at lithotomy position undergoing 3D ultrasonography on resting,contracting and maximum exertion phase respectively.Three dimensionally reconstructed images were reconstructed and pubo-rectal angle and the thickness of puborectalis muscle at 6 o'clock position were measured.Results The pubo-rectal angle of the study group and control group had no significant differences at either resting [(86 ± 8) ° vs.(86 ± 8)°] or contracting phases [(88 ± 9) ° vs.(86 ± 7) °] (t =-0.145,t =0.434,P ＞ 0.05).While at maximum exertion the differences were significant [(80 ± 6) °vs.(95 ± 5) °,t =-5.397,P ＜ 0.05].The d-value of pubo-rectal angle between maximum and resting exertion statistically different [(6 ± 3) °,(-9 ± 7) °,t =5.551,P ＜ 0.05].The thickness of puborectalis muscle between the two groups differed statistically significant only at maximum exertion phase [(4.60 ± 0.60) mm vs.(3.97 ± 0.32) mm,t =6.872,P ＜ 0.05].The d-value of the thickness of puborectalis muscle between maximum and resting exertion were statistically different (t =-11.474,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The pubo-rectal angle of the study group is smaller at maximum exertion than the control group.The thickness of puborectalis muscle at six o'clock (lithotomy position) in study group is larger at maximum exertion than the control group.And the severity of constipation changed with the variation of angle.

Objective: Chlamydia pneumoniae is a kind of common pathogenic bacteria in respiratory passage which cause persistent and chronic infection cell mediated immunity results mainly followiny the infection.The infection kinetics and local in vitro-restimulated cell mediated immunity(CMI) responses in the lungs and spleens of Icr mice during Chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn) primary infection and reinfection will be analyzed in this article.Methods: Icr mice were inoculated intranasally with 105 IFU of Cpn(PT group).The same dose was given in the same way as rechallenge 4 weeks after the primary challenge(ST group).Control groups were inoculated with 0.05 ml PBS.The mice were sacrificed at predetermined days,and the pulmonary mononuclear cells and splenic lymphocytes were isolated and stimulated with Cpn in vitro for 3 days.The proliferative response was measured by MTT;IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-? were detected by ELISA.Results: The PT group showed a weak proliferative response and no secretion of IFN-? in the lungs after Cpn stimulation,while the ST group presented a reinfection characterized by IFN-? production both in the lungs and in the spleens(P

Objective To examine the consistency between asthma children's self-assessment health-related quality of life and their proxies' assessment, to give theoretic basis of clinical treatment for asthma children. Methods Parents and asthma children completed the PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQLTM 3.0 Asthma Module during an outpatient visit or in the hospital. Wilcoxon signed rank test and ICC were used to compare the difference between asthma children's self-report and their proxies' report. Results The findings indicated that neither the total scores nor domain scores (except physiological domain) between asthma children's self-reports and proxies' reports (parents most of all)showed inconsistency. The value of ICC was not less than 0.7 except physiological dimension and showed consistency. Some different information in several domains was founded by the scores after layered by age. Conclusions There are consistency between children's self assessment of health-related quality of life and their proxies' assessment based upon results of PedsQLTM scale.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ) in patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) and their clinical significance.Methods One hundred and twelve patients with AOPP (without sudden death ) were as AOPP group.One hundred and twelve healthy controls were as control group.Serum cTnI,hs-CRP and TNF-α levels were determined by ELISA and compared between two groups.The relationship between serum cTnI and hs-CRP,TNF-α was analyzed.Time for atropinization and acetylcholinesterase activity recovery and days of hospitalization were observed.The effectiveness of AOPP patients in different serum cTnI levels was compared.Results Serum cTnI,hs-CRP and TNF- α levels in AOPP group[0.75 (0.26,0.99) μ g/L,11.57(5.13,21.62) mg/L,( 12.36 ±5.22) μ g/L] were higher than those in control group[0.01 (0,0.03) μ g/L,3.62(2.31,6.80) mg/L,(7.33 ±4.31 ) μ g/L] (P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum cTnI levels were positive correlation with serum hs-CRP and TNF- α levels in AOPP patients (r =0.53,0.62,P ＜ 0.01 ).Time for atropinization and acetylcholinesterase activity recovery and days of hospitalization in higher serum cTnI levels patients ( 56 cases ) [(7.31 ± 1.96),( 15.29 ± 3.66 ),(17.23 ± 3.62) d] was longer than that in lower serum cTnI levels patients (56 cases)[(5.32 ± 1.03),( 11.32 ± 2.59),( 13.66 ± 3.03) d](P＜ 0.01).Conclusions Cardiac insults in AOPP patients are related to inflammation.Sudden death-free AOPP patients with higher cTnI levels have less response to treatments.

AIM:To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) on high glucose ( HG)-induced injury of the mouse podocyte cell line MPC5.METHODS: The cultured MPC5 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: HG group, normal glucose (NG) group, NG+DL-propargylglycine (PPG) group, and HG+NaHS group.After treated for a certain time, the cells were collected for further detection .The expression of zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), nephrin,β-cate-nin and cystathionine γ-lyase ( CSE) was determined by Western blotting .RESULTS:High glucose significantly reduced the expression of nephrin, ZO-2 and CSE (P<0.05), while the level of β-catenin was elevated obviously (P<0.05), all in a time-dependent manner.NG+PPG inhibited the levels of ZO-2 and nephrin significantly (P<0.05), and increased the level of β-catenin (P<0.05), all in a PPG concentration-dependent manner.HG+NaHS induced a more significant increase in the levels of ZO-2 and nephrin as compared with HG group (P<0.01), whereas a severe reduction of β-cate-nin in HG+NaHS group was observed as compared with HG group .Compared with NG group , the expression of ZO-2 and nephrin was decreased obviously , and the level of β-catenin was increased in HG +NaHS group.CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of CSE contributes to hyperglycemia-induced podocyte injury .Exogenous H 2 S protects against hyperglycemia-in-duced podocyte injury , possibly through up-regulation of ZO-2 and subsequent suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway .

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on ca2+ transsarcolemmal influx and ca2+ release function of endoplasmic reticulum in isolated outer hair cells (OHCs) of guinea pigs and the possible mechanism by which sevofhlrane acts on cochleas.Methods The experiment was performed in 2 parts.In experiment I:twelve adult guinea pigs(8 male,4 female)weighing 180-230 g were used.OHCs were mechanically sparated after enzymatic incubation.Thirty OHCs with favorable activity were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each):group I control(C);group Ⅱ low concentration sevoflurane (1.7%,group S1) and group Ⅲ high concentration sevoflurane(3.4%,group S2).The OHCs were stained with 6 umol/L Fluo-3AM in estefified form for 40 min.Group S1 and S2 were pretreated with 1.7% and 3.4% sevoflugsne respectively for 20 min.KCI 40 mmol/L was then added.The intracellular ionized Ca2+ concentration ([C2+]I) was determined byintracelhlar Ca2+ fluorescent intensity using laser scanning confocal microscope.The protocol of the experimentⅡ was the same as the experimentI.The only difference was that caffeine 20 mmol/L was added instead of KCI 40 mmol/L.Results In experiment I:there was no significant difference in baseline[ca2+]I and[ca2+]I after being exposed to sevoflurane among the 3 groups.[Ca2+]I was significanfly increased after addition of KCI as compared with the baseline[Ca2+]I and was significantly lower in group Sl and S2 than in group C and was the lowest in group S2.In experimentⅡ:the[ca2+]I was significantly increased after addition of caffeine but there was no significant difference in[Ca2+]I among the 3 groups.Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel opening in a concentration-dependent manner but can not affect ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release function of endoplasmic reticuhm in isolated outer hair cells of guinea pigs.

AIM:To investigate the effect of liraglutide ( LG) on the expression of fibronectin type Ⅲdomain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in the C2C12 myotubes.METHODS:The C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line was induced to differentiation.Differentiated cells were stimulated with gradient concentrations (1 ~1000 nmol/L) of LG for different time (0 ~24 h).The effects of LG on the expression of FNDC5 and the activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate ( AMP)-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) signaling pathway were determined .After pretreated with glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) receptor antagonist exendin 9-39 , the inhibitor of Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), STO609, or the inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, the LG-induced FNDC5 expression in C2C12 myotubes was examined.The expression of FNDC5 and the activation of AMPK were determined by Western blot .RESULTS: In C2C12 myotubes, LG promoted the expression of FNDC5 in a dose-and time-dependent manner .LG also activated AMPK signaling pathway .These effects of LG were partly abolished by exendin 9-39 , STO609 and Compound C .CONCLUSION:LG promotes the expression of FNDC5 via GLP-1 receptor in the C2C12 myotubes possibly through activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathways .

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) on impaired wound healing in ob/ob mice and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:The ob/ob mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including vehicle, in-sulin and NaHS for treatment.C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle as control.Full-thickness punch biopsy wounds were created on the mice.Firstly, H2 S concentrations in the skins and granulation tissues were measured.The mRNA ex-pression of cystathionineγ-lyase ( CSE) was detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression of CSE and MMP-9 were deter-mined by Western blot.The neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemistry me-thod.The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by ELISA.Collagen formation was measured by Masson staining.RESULTS:The H2 S levels in the skin and granulation were significantly decreased in ob/ob mice and increased in the NaHS-treated mice ( P<0.05 ) .CSE expression at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in ob/ob mice compared with the control mice (P<0.05).The wound healing period was significantly shorter in NaHS group than that in vehicle-treated ob/ob mice group (P<0.05), in which the insulin group had no difference with vehicle ob/ob mice group.The neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration, and TNF-αand IL-6 levels were signifi-cantly increased in ob/ob groups, but were decreased in NaHS group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05 ) .Meanwhile, NaHS in-creased collagen formation in the granulation tissues of ob/ob mice.CONCLUSION:H2 S/CSE down-regulation contributes
to impaired wound healing in diabetes, which is alleviated by exogenous H2 S possibly through anti-inflammation.

Objective To examine the correlation of imbalance of urinary exosome Th1/Th2 with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled in the study.According to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR),type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into 3 groups:diabetes mellitus without nepbropathy group (DM,n=40,UACR＜30 mg/gCr),microalbuminuria group (DN 1,n=50,UACR-30～300 mg/gCr) and clinicoalbuminuria group (DN 2,n=30,UACR＞300 mg/gCr).Urine exosome-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and exosome-interleukin 4 (IL-4) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the correlation of exosome-IFN-γ/IL-4 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),cholesterol (CH),UACR,Scr and BUN.Results Th1/Th2 ratio in DM,DN1,DN2 groups was significantly higher than that in healthy group (0.8089±0.2458,0.8993 ±0.3515,0.8571±0.2470 vs 0.6198±0.1769,all P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that urinary exosomeIFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was positively correlated with UACR (r=0.213,P=0.015) and BUN (r=0.292,P=0.001).Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that BUN was independent determinants for exosome-IFN-γ/IL-4 (β=0.246,P=0.006).Conclusion The imbalance of urinary exosomeTh1/Th2 is correlated with DN,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN.